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Lee, Jeong-Hyung,Jung, Haeng Sun,Giang, Phan Minh,Jin, Xuejun,Lee, Sangku,Son, Phan Tong,Lee, Dongho,Hong, Young-Soo,Lee, Kyeong,Lee, Jung Joon Williams Wilkins 2006 The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera Vol.316 No.1
<P>Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the signaling pathways that regulate its activity have become a focal point for intense drug discovery and development efforts. NF-kappaB regulates the transcription of a large number of genes, particularly those involved in immune, inflammatory, and antiapoptotic responses. In our search for NF-kappaB inhibitors from natural resources, we identified cardamomin, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone, as an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation from Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae). In present study, we demonstrated the effect of cardamomin on NF-kappaB activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced mortality. This compound significantly inhibited the induced expression of NF-kappaB reporter gene by LPS or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and NO as well as expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly suppressed by the treatment of cardamomin in RAW264.7 cells. Also, cardamomin inhibited not only LPS-induced degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) but also activation of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) kinases and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Further analyses revealed that cardamomin did not directly inhibit IkappaB kinases, but it significantly suppressed LPS-induced activation of Akt. Moreover, cardamomin suppressed transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of Ser536 of RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. However, this compound did not inhibit LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, but significantly impaired activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. We also demonstrated that pretreatment of cardamomin rescued C57BL/6 mice from LPS-induced mortality in conjunction with decreased serum level of TNF-alpha. Together, cardamomin could be valuable candidate for the intervention of NF-kappaB-dependent pathological condition such as inflammation.</P>
An Expedient Synthesis of Oxindole Dimers by Direct Oxidative Dimerization of Oxindoles
Lee, Hyun Ju,Lee, Sangku,Lim, Jin Woo,Kim, Jae Nyoung Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.8
Oxindole dimers have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of various cyclotryptamine alkaloids. An efficient direct synthesis of oxindole dimers has been carried out from 3-substituted oxindoles via an oxidative dimerization using manganese(III) acetate or copper acetate/silver acetate system.
Sangku Lee,Junseong Lee,Jae Nyoung Kim 대한화학회 2023 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.44 No.5
Five-ring-fused azepinone derivatives were synthesized serendipitously from bis-isatins via sequential 6π-electrocyclic ring closure, ring expansion, and dehydrogenation process in moderate yields (34%–47%). The reaction was carried out in diphenyl ether at 230 °C for 4–12 h under O2 balloon atmosphere.
β-Arrestin 2 mediates G protein-coupled receptor 43 signals to nuclear factor-κB.
Lee, Su Ui,In, Hyun Ju,Kwon, Mi So,Park, Bi-oh,Jo, Minmi,Kim, Mun-Ock,Cho, Sungchan,Lee, Sangku,Lee, Hyun-Jun,Kwak, Young Shin,Kim, Sunhong Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2013 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.36 No.11
<P>G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) serves as a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), implicated in neutrophil migration and inflammatory cytokine production. However, the intracellular signaling pathway mediating GPR43 signaling remains unclear. Here, we show that β-arrestin 2 mediates the internalization of GPR43 by agonist. Agonism of GPR43 reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which was relieved by short interfering RNA (siRNA) of β-arrestin 2. Subsequently, mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, was downregulated by activation of GPR43 and knockdown of β-arrestin 2 recovered the expression of the cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that GPR43 may be a plausible target for a variety of inflammatory diseases.</P>
Lee, Hyunsoo,Lee, Han-Bo-Ram,Kwon, Sangku,Salmeron, Miquel,Park, Jeong Young American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.4
<P>We report on the physical and chemical properties of atomic steps on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated using atomic force microscopy. Two types of step edges are identified: internal (formed during crystal growth) and external (formed by mechanical cleavage of bulk HOPG). The external steps exhibit higher friction than the internal steps due to the broken bonds of the exposed edge C atoms, while carbon atoms in the internal steps are not exposed. The reactivity of the atomic steps is manifested in a variety of ways, including the preferential attachment of Pt nanoparticles deposited on HOPG when using atomic layer deposition and KOH clusters formed during drop casting from aqueous solutions. These phenomena imply that only external atomic steps can be used for selective electrodeposition for nanoscale electronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-4/nn506755p/production/images/medium/nn-2014-06755p_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn506755p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lee, Sangku,Kim, Won-Gon,Kim, Eungsoo,Ryoo, In-Ja,Lee, Hyeong Kyu,Kim, Jae Nyoung,Jung, Sang-Hun,Yoo, Ick-Dong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Chem Inform Vol.36 No.20
<P>For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.</P>