Establishing Veterinary Graduation Competencies and Its Impact on Veterinary Medical Education in Korea

Sang-Soep Nahm 대한수의학회 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.3

Competencies are defined as an observable and assessable set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Graduation competencies, which are more comprehensive, refer to the required abilities of students to perform on-site work immediately after graduation. As graduation competencies set the goal of education, various countries and institutions have introduced them for new veterinary graduates. The Korean Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges has recently established such competencies to standardize veterinary education and enhance quality levels thereof. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of establishing graduation competencies as well as their implication for veterinary education in Korea. Graduation competencies for veterinary education in Korea comprise 5 domains (animal health care and disease management, one health expertise, communication and collaboration, research and learning, and veterinary professionalism). These are further divided into 11 core competencies, and 33 achievement standards, which were carefully chosen from previous case analyses and nation-wide surveys. Currently, graduation competencies are used as a standard for setting clear educational purposes for both instructors and students. Establishing these competencies further initiated the development of detailed learning outcomes, and of a list of basic veterinary clinical performances and skills, which is useful for assessing knowledge and skills. The establishment of graduation competencies is expected to contribute to the continuous development of Korean veterinary education in many ways. These include curriculum standardization and licensing examination reform, which will eventually improve the competencies of new veterinary graduates.

Laser Capture Microdissection Reveals Specific Genes Related to Purkinje Cell Death in the Leaner Mice

Sang-Soep Nahm,Ji Eun Yoo,Louise C. Abbott 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.3

The leaner mouse carries a mutation in the gene encoding the α1A subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels. Leaner mice exhibit extensive cerebellar granule and Purkinje cell loss that results in cerebellar dysfunction. A previous study suggested that a small population of leaner Purkinje cells undergo apoptosis, however the cell death mode of the rest of degenerating Purkinje cells has not been identified. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying leaner Purkinje cell death, gene arrays that contain 243 cell death related genes were carried out. To increase the chance of detecting Purkinje cell specific genes, laser capture microdissection was employed to obtain Purkinje cell enriched samples. The gene array analysis revealed several potential genes that are involved in autophagic cell death pathway including cathepsin D, a key lysosomal protease that triggers autophagic degradation. Further analysis on LC3, which is a hallmark for autophagic cell death showed that leaner Purkinje cells are degenerating via autophagic process. The present study provides evidence that calcium channel defects trigger different modes of neurodegeneration in the cerebellum.

Experimental infection of highly pathogenicavian influenza virus subtype H5N8 in wild birds

Sang Soep Nahm,Yun kyoung Noh,Jung hoon Kwon,Seong su Yuk,Jin Hee Kim,Chang Seon Song 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

Altered Genomic Profile Related to Myelination Caused by Neonatal Influenza Infection in Mouse Brain

Sang Soep Nahm,Jin Hee Kim 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.2

Increased calcium-mediated cerebral processes after peripheral injury: possible role of the brain in complex regional pain syndrome

Francis Sahngun Nahm,Jae-Sung Lee,Pyung-Bok Lee,Eunjoo Choi,Woong Ki Han,Sang-Soep Nahm 대한통증학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.2

Background: Among various diseases that accompany pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is one of the most frustrating for patients and physicians. Recently, many studies have shown functional and anatomical abnormalities in the brains of patients with CRPS. The calcium-related signaling pathway is important in various physiologic processes via calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-calmodulin kinase 2 (CaMK2). To investigate the cerebral mechanism of CRPS, we measured changes in CaM and CaMK2 expression in the cerebrum in CRPS animal models.Methods: The chronic post-ischemia pain model was employed for CRPS model gen-eration. After generation of the animal models, the animals were categorized into three groups based on changes in the withdrawal threshold for the affected limb: CRPS-positive (P), CRPS-negative (N), and control (C) groups. Western blot analysis was performed to measure CaM and CaMK2 expression in the rat cerebrum.Results: Animals with a decreased withdrawal threshold (group P) showed a signifi-cant increment in cerebral CaM and CaMK2 expression (P = 0.013 and P = 0.021, respectively). However, groups N and C showed no difference in CaM and CaMK2 expression.Conclusions: The calcium-mediated cerebral process occurs after peripheral injury in CRPS, and there can be a relationship between the cerebrum and the pathogen-esis of CRPS.

Altered genomic profile related to myelination caused by neonatal influenza Infectionin mouse brain

( Jin-hee Kim ),( Sang-soep Nahm ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2016 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

Introduction: Influenza virus infection has been proposed to be associated with a broad range of neurological complications even neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. In mice, intraperitoneally injected influenza A virus enters the brain, effectively infects extensive brain regions, which subsequently results in neuroinflammation accompanied by apoptotic cell deaththat potentially affects brain function. Altered synaptic functions such as decreased neuronal excitability and abnormal synaptic morphology were also exhibited in the infected hippocampus which is one of the primary targets of A/NWS/33 infection and appears to be one of the most affected brain regions in both neuroimaging data and behavioral analysis from our previous findings.However, the specific biochemical mechanisms which may elicit those functional changes still remain elusive. Therefore, investigating alterations in gene or protein expression will be necessary to explain underlying biochemical mechanisms contributing to long-term brain dysfunction. Materials & Methods: Five-day-old Balb/c mice were infected with mouse-adapted neurotropic influenza A virus (A/ NWS/33, H1N1) intraperitoneally with a dose of LD50 (10^3.5 TCID₅₀/mL, 30 μL). Their hippocampi were collected at 5 dpi, when peak viral infection was observed. To analyze alternations in gene expression of infected hippocampus, total RNA was extracted and DNA microarray (GeneChip Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array, Affymetrix, USA) analysis was performed. In order to confirm changes in gene expression related to myelination and signal transduction, Western blot was performed. Results: We observed altered expression levels of some genes in hippocampus at 5 dpi. Significant (p < 0.05) 1.5 fold up- or down-regulated genes were found in infected hippocampus (57 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated).Western blot analysis showed that myelin basic protein(MBP) expression was not altered, whilemyelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) expression in infected mouse was significantly increase. Stat1 (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1) expression in infected mice was also increased. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that neonatal influenza virus infection could induce changes in gene and protein expression in hippocampi of infected mice. Protein expression related to myelination and signal transduction are increased and this phenomenon appears to be related to inflammatory reaction to influenza infection in the brain.

Are Mice Suitable for Studying Influenza Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System?

Min Soo Kim, Sang-Soep Nahm 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2010 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.11 No.4

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개의 정형외과 수술 후 재활치료 효과

강효민,남상섭,Kang, Hyo-Min,Nahm, Sang-Soep 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.2

Rehabilitation treatments after orthopedic surgery promote postoperative healing in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is increased interest in rehabilitation treatments because they are potentially beneficial to animals in the post-operation period. This study examined the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in dogs that underwent orthopedic surgeries, including femoral head & neck ostectomy (FHNO) and medial patellar luxation treatment (MPLT). The group that received the rehabilitation treatment after FHNO (1.88 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 6.62 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (8.50 weeks). The other group that received the rehabilitation treatment after MPLT (4.38 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 5.01 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (9.39 weeks). For the qualitative evaluation, the types and frequencies of rehabilitation treatments were monitored. The rehabilitation programs used frequently were heat therapy, laser therapy, passive range of motion, exercise therapy, and aquatic therapy. A standard rehabilitation program after hindlimb surgery was suggested based on the quantitative and qualitative investigation. The results add additional evidence that showed the beneficial effects of rehabilitation treatments in dogs.

Altered Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Transmission of Mouse Hippocampus Caused by Neonatal Influenza Infection

Ji Eun Yu,Minsoo Kim,Sung min Kim,Hoyong Park,ChiHye Chung,Sang-Soep Nahm 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

Characterization of gender-specific bovine serum

Kim, Ji-Hoe,Kim, Min-Soo,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Lee, Dong-Mok,Pokharel, Smritee,Choi, In-Ho The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2011 Animal cells and systems Vol.15 No.2

Animal cell cultures generally require a nutrient-rich medium supplemented with animal serum. Adult bovine serum contains a variety of nutrients including inorganic minerals, vitamins, salts, proteins and lipids as well as growth factors that promote animal cell growth. To evaluate the potential use of gender-specific bovine serum (GSBS) for cell culture, the biochemical properties of male serum (MS), female serum (FS) and castrated-male serum (CMS) were investigated. Overall, the chemical profile of GSBS was similar to that of bovine references except for glucose, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and potassium. FS showed elevated total protein and sodium concentrations compared to MS and CMS. Proteins present in MS, FS and CMS but absent in fetal bovine serum (FBS) were selected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Some of the identified proteins are known to be involved in immune responses and the others have unknown physiological roles. Moreover, it was found that some proteins such as alpha-2-macroglobulin appeared to be gender-specific with higher contents in FS. Insulin and testosterone was significantly higher in MS, and $17{\beta}$-estradiol and estrone were higher in FS, as compared to the other sera. Taken together, the results indicate that each GSBS has a different ratio of components. Differences in serum constituents may affect cell cultures in a different manner and could be beneficial, depending on the specific aim of cell cultures.