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Parametric study on excitation temperature and electron temperature in low pressure plasmas
Hoyong Park,최원호 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.6
Thiswork aimsat investigation of the validity of the electron excitation temperature (Texc) byopticalemission spectroscopy (OES) as an alternative diagnostic to the electron temperature (Te). The excitation and the electron temperatureswere measured at a wide range of gas pressures and input powers in different plasmas such as capacitively-coupled, inductively-coupled, and magnetron direct current plasmas. As a result, both temperatures were found to decrease with an increase in pressure, whereas they not very dependent on power, indicating that Texc showed a tendency identical to that of Te as pressure and powerwere varied. This result suggests that Texc measurement can be an alternative diagnostic for Te measurement once the ratio of the two temperatures is found in advance through a calibration experiment especially for low pressure high electron density industrial processing plasmas in which probe measurements are limited.
Hoyong Hwang,Changhyun Lee,Jonghoon Park,Changkun Park IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniqu Vol.62 No.11
<P>In this study, we propose an auxiliary power regulator (APR) for the current-shared cascade (CSC) structure of the driver stages of RF CMOS power. Although the CSC structure provides a method to reduce the power consumption at the driver stages of a differential power amplifier (PA), it is difficult to obtain optimum levels of effective supply voltage for the first and second driver stages. Additionally, the transistor sizes of the first and second driver stages of the CSC structure must be identical to ensure the proper operation of the PA. Thus, in this work, we propose an APR structure that ensures the proper operation of a PA with different transistor sizes in its first and second driver stages. To prove the feasibility of the proposed technique, we designed the PA with a CSC structure using an APR. From the measured results, we successfully verify the feasibility of the proposed structure. Additionally, we provide experimental results for a typical CMOS PA to determine the optimum supply voltage for the second driver stage.</P>
Exposure to Stressors Facilitates Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation in the Lateral Habenula
Park, Hoyong,Rhee, Jeehae,Park, Kwanghoon,Han, Jung-Soo,Malinow, Roberto,Chung, ChiHye Society for Neuroscience 2017 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.37 No.25
<P>The lateral habenula (LHb) is a small part of the epithalamus that projects to monoamine centers in the brain. Previously, neurotrans-mission onto the LHb was shown to be abnormally potentiated in animal models of depression. However, synaptic plasticity in this brain area and the effect of stressor exposure on synaptic plasticity of the LHb have not been investigated. Thus, we explored whether the LHb undergoes dynamic changes in synaptic efficacy or not. First, we observed that a moderate LTP occurs in a fraction of LHb neurons obtained from naive Sprague Dawley rats. Interestingly, a single exposure to acute stressors, such as inescapable foot shock or restraint plus tail shock (RTS), significantly enhances the magnitude of LTP in the LHb. We also observed an increased number of LHb neurons expressing phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) after exposure to stressors, which may contribute to determine the threshold for LTP induction. LTP induction in the LHb resulted in an additional increase in the number of pCREB expressing neurons in stress-exposed animals but not in naive control animals. Together, we showed that LHb neurons have heterogeneous propensity for synaptic potentiation at rest; however, a single exposure to stressors greatly facilitates LTP induction in the LHb, suggesting that fundamental alterations in synaptic plasticity in the LHb may occur in animal models of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder.</P>
Minimum Wage Hike and Multinational Enterprises' Employment: Firm-Level Evidence from South Korea
Hoyong Jung,Sunyoung Park 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2024 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.39 No.1
This study examines the impact of a consecutive double-digit hike in Korea's minimum wage from 2018 to 2019 after the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye as an exogenous shock on the employment of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Notably, this topic has received limited attention in extant literature. Using a firm-level dataset covering the period 2006-2020, we find that MNEs respond to increases in the minimum wage by reducing their total employment size, including both regular and temporary workers. Furthermore, the effects are heterogeneous and depend on the participation of international trade and strategic partnerships. Our findings indicate that the minimum wage policy can even lead to a decrease in high-quality jobs within high-productivity companies, underscoring the need to adjust the pace of such increases to mitigate their side effects on the labor market.
박호용 京畿專門大學 1999 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.27
This paper presents and analyzes Korean distribution markets in an era of boundless competition. Recently the Korean distribution market has been witnessing a remarkable change represented by the rapid spread of "price-busting phenomenon". It cannot be, however, stated that price-busting has been virtually conducted in Korea, as the competition by the price reductions in Korea still relies on distributors' manipulation of profit margins. Price-busting is viewed as a process of destroying the high cost structure formed in the course of production and marketing, and reforming commodity prices at the price level expected by the consumers. Therefore, in order for genuine price-busting to take place, initially market predominance should be shifted from manufacturers to distributors, who are close to consumers. As such, it may be judged that one of the pending issues in Korea's path to an advanced economy is to build a distributor-led market structure together with specialization in manufacturing by the suppliers. The work in this paper includes the present status of distribution industry and a way to enhance its competitiveness in an open market, in that you may find solutions to build an efficient structure of distribution industry in an open economy. The first chapter is devoted to the specifying the concept of price-busting phenomenon which prevails in Korea since opening distribution market 1996. The second chapter is concerned with the present status of distribution market and with factors of inefficiency. Finally, some institutional prescriptions are suggested to enhance the competitiveness in the distribution market.
박호용 京畿專門大學 2000 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.28
This paper attempts to analyze theoretically the issue of product liability with respect to social welfare and efficiency. Reestablishment of compensation liability rule allow us to suggest an inducement procedure to internalize a factor which is not reflected in prices due to the market failure. This study provides a model within the framework of game theory, in which the product liability problem is combined with market mechanism. In particular, the model explicitly includes the uncertainty of information about hazard. We provide theoretical arguments as follows. The comparison between the attention level and information of product risk level of both producer and consumer shows that there exists a significant difference in efficiency depending on each liability rule. Under the no-liability rule, the principle of competition leads the producers to pay attention to the risk, when the customers have perfect information. On the other hand, when the customers have imperfect information, the producers pay no attention to the risk, because they cannot add the attention expense to the prices of the products. Under the negligence rule, the producers will be careful, but the consumers will not be careful, because they are not aware of the risk of the accident in the use of the products. Under the strict liability rule, consumers have no need to pay attention, whether or not they have the full information. Finally, under the strict liability with the defense of contributory negligence rule, the legal attention level is efficiently estimated and the consumers' overestimation of the loss results in efficiency regardless of the degree of the information perfectness. When the insurance market is imperfect, the strict liability rule is more efficient than the negligence rule or no liability rule, depending on the relative degree of danger avoidance. In addition, the strict liability is more efficient than the other two, when the injurers are not only the consumer but also the third person, because the full price including the expected damage is equal to the market price. At last, the strict liability becomes less efficient due to the decrease of the diversity of products, unless there are a variety of consumers and the producers know the types of the consumers. However, the insurance market is imperfect due to the moral hazard, the efficiency level will decrease due to the availability of the imperfect insurance irrespective of the diversity of the products, while the consumers will have the perfect insurance although the diversity of the products decreases under the strict liability rule. Therefore, the efficiency has to be estimated synthetically with the consideration of the two aspects.