Carrageenan 유도 관절염에 대한 灸律 藥鍼의 진통작용

구성태,신종근,최윤영,송정방,김재효,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation in cellular experiments. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. Diluted moxi-tar was single injected in several acupoints or combined with electroacupuncture (1 ms, 2 Hz, and 2 mA) into contralateral ST36 acupoint for 30 min to assess the synergic effects. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord were examined on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis. Results : After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Moxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Moxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by moxi-tar. Moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and longer lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion : The present study suggest that moxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

수확 후 마늘의 엽초 절단 시기별 수분, 탄수화물 및 구 비대 특성

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2006 원예과학기술지 Vol.24 No.3

마늘 수확 후 건조 일수별로 주대의 절단 시기에 따른 엽초와 구에서의 수분함량과 total free sugar 및 fructosan 함량의 변화, 그리고 수확 시기를 달리하여 건조 일수별 주대 절단에 대한 구 특성 및 수량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 마늘 수확 적기라고 판단되는 5월 30일 수확한 후 당일 주대를 절단하여 건조한 엽초의 수분 함량은 건조일수에 따라 79.3~65.8% 까지 완만하게 감소하였다. 반면에 주대를 절단하지 않는 엽초는 4일 이후부터는 건조가 빨라 7일간 건조에서 69.8%로 수확 당일 86.8%에 비해 24.4%정도 수분감소가 많았다. 그러나 구에서의 수분 함량은 비슷한 경향으로 감소하였다. 주대를 절단하지 않고 건조한 엽초내의 total free sugar 함량은 건조 일수에 따라 감소하여 7일째에는 0.28mg g⁻¹으로 당일 0.57mg g⁻¹에 비해 49.1%가 감소하였으나 구에서는 처리간 뚜렷한 차이가 없다. 마늘 구에서의 fructosan 함량은 주대를 절단하지 않고 건조할 경우 수확 당일 0.93mg g⁻¹에 비해 10일째는 1.31mg g⁻¹으로 높아졌다. 5월 25일 수확하여 건조한 마늘의 구는 수확 당일 주대 절단시 구경이 45mm 이상인 대구율 41.0%, 수량 1,159kg/10a로 낮았으며, 9일간 건조 후에는 대구율이 84.8%로 높아 수량도 1,483kg/10a로 높게 나타났다. 5월 30일에 수확하여 당일 주대를 절단한 처리의 수량이 1,342kg/10a이고, 3~9일간 건조한 처리의 수량은 1,613~1,665kg/10a의 범위를 보였다. This study was conducted to investigate the water content, carbohydrate and bulb development according to different clipping time of leaf sheath for drying after garlic harvesting in the field. The garlic cultivar ‘Namdo’ Southern ecotype in Muan region was harvested on May 25, May 30 and June 13. Water content and carbohydrate of garlic plants were observed at harvest date (May 30), and leaf sheaths were clipping 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 16 days after harvest. Water content of clipping leaf sheath at harvest time slightly decreased from 79.3 to 65.8% according to drying days. While water content of the non-clipping leaf sheath greatly decreased according to 4, 7, 10 and 16 days drying as 76.5, 68.9, 60.9 and 50.1%, respectively. But water content of bulb was simultaneously decreased with drying periods. Total free sugar content of non-clipping leaf sheath was decreased to 0.28 mg g⁻¹ at 7 days after harvested compared with 0.57 mg g⁻¹ at harvest. On the other hand, the fructosan content of non-clipping bulb was from 0.93 mg g⁻¹ at harvest and increased to 1.31 mg g⁻¹ 10 days after harvest. But fructosan of leaf sheath was not affected by drying time. Harvesting on May 25, the ratio of large bulb diameter (above 45 mm) and yield of clipped sheath were 41% and 1,159 kg/10a, respectively, lower than those dried for 9 days as 84.8% and 1,483 kg/10a. On May 30 at harvest, yield of clipped sheath was 1,324 kg/10a, but dried for 3-9 days were 1,613-1,665 kg/10a.

난지형 마늘 신품종 ‘생올’의 특성

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),최학순(Hag Soon Choi),김천환(Cheon Whan Kim),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2005 원예과학기술지 Vol.23 No.4

‘생올’은 1998년 중국 산동지방에서 통구마늘을 도입하여 특성검정, 선발 및 종구를 증식하여 ‘목포 1호’로 계통명을 부여하고 무안, 남해, 제주 등 3개 지역에서 2003년부터 2004년까지 지역적응 재배시험을 거쳐 육성하였다. ‘생올’은 초형이 직립형, 엽색은 진한 녹색으로 ‘남도’ 마늘과 같다. 주아크기는 극소립으로 균일하며 총포 당 주아수가 73개 이상으로 많다. 화경출현기 및 수확기가 ‘남도’ 마늘에 비해 각각 14일, 7일 정도 빠른 조숙성 품종이다. ‘생올’ 마늘의 피르브산 함량은 19.4μ㏖/g 수준으로 ‘남도’ 마늘에 비해 낮아 생마늘 맛이 순하여 생식용으로 적합하다. 수량은 ‘남도’ 마늘 대비 92% 수준이나 조숙성이기 때문에 조기출하가 가능하고 수확 후 벼 이앙, 콩, 땅콩, 참깨 등의 재배가 가능하므로 작부체계상 유리하여 난지형 마늘 재배지에서 재배가 용이하다고 판단된다. A new garlic ‘Saengol’ (Allium sativum L.) was developed at Mokpo Experiment Station in 2004. The variety was introduced as a genetic resource from China in 1998. The leaves of this variety are erect and dark green. Size and number of bulbils were small (0.05 g) and numerous (73 ± 16). Clove differentiation, scape emergence, and harvesting dates were 11, 14, and 7 days respectively, earlier than those of ‘Namdo’ garlic. The yield of ‘Saengol’ was 8% lower than ‘Namdo’ garlic with 1,282 ㎏/10a, but the pyruvic acid content of this variety was low with 19.4 μ㏖ g⁻¹ compared to 35.4 μ㏖ g⁻¹ of ‘Namdo’ garlic. This variety can be adapted all over the southern type garlic cultivation area in Korea.

마늘의 구 비대기에 관수 수준이 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2007 원예과학기술지 Vol.25 No.3

난지형인 남도마늘의 인편분화 및 구 비대가 시작되는 3월 하순부터 5월 하순 수확까지 관수량을 30㎜(0.461ℓㆍm⁻³/min), 20㎜(0.444ℓㆍm⁻³/min), 10㎜(0.434ℓㆍm⁻³/min), 그리고 무관수로 설정하여 30㎜ 관수 토양의 용적수분함량이 25% 수준일 때 동일한 방법으로 반복 관수하면서 생장 및 구 비대, 수량특성 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 영양생장 최성기인 4월 30일의 초장은 30, 20 그리고 10㎜ 관수에서는 90-96㎝ 정도였는데 무관수구에서는 82㎝로 억제되었다. 엽면적은 관수량에 따라 415-492㎝²에 비해 무관수구에서는 392㎝²로 생장이 억제되었다. 구중은 구 비대 성숙기에 관수량이 많을수록 증가하였으나 관수량에 따른 유의차는 없었다. 그러나 무관수구에서는 구중 증가가 억제되어 관수구와 차이가 인정되었다. 5월 상순부터는 관수량에 따라 인편의 부피 생장이 빠르게 증가한 반면에 무관수구에서는 억제가 심했다. 구경 45㎜ 이상 대구율은 30㎜ 관수에서 76.4%로 20와 10㎜ 관수에 비해 8% 정도 높았으며 수분 부족의 무관수구는 39.4%로 매우 낮았다. 40㎜ 이하의 소 구율은 30㎜ 관수시 3.6%로 낮았으며 20㎜와 10㎜는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 무관수구에서는 25.6%로 높아 차이가 있었다. 마늘 수량은 관수량이 많을수록 높았으나 유의차는 없었으며 무관수구의 수량은 920㎏/l0a로 관수구에 비해 매우 낮았다. This study was conducted to investigate the response of garlic growth and yield to irrigation water. The garlic seeds using the southern ecotype garlic cultivar, ‘Namdo’. The cloves were planted on the polyethylene film-mulched plots at a planting density of 18 × 11 ㎝ in a greenhouse in September 2002 and harvested in May 2003. The irrigation levels during the experimental period were 30, 20, 10 ㎜ and no-irrigation. In April 30th, plant height and leaf area were 90-96 ㎝ and 415-492 ㎝²/plant under irrigated condition, while 82 ㎝ and 392 ㎝²/plant under water stressed condition, respectively, suggesting that leaf growth was largely inhibited by water deficiency. The distribution rate of large size of garlic bulbs (abov 45 ㎜ diameter) ranges 58.9-76.5% under irrigation, but 39.4% under water-stressed condition. The yield of garlic bulbs was not significant among the 30, 20, and 10 ㎜ irrigation level which was 1,344, 1,239 and 1,157 ㎏/10a, respectively. Overall, this study suggests that the yield of garlic bulbs was significantly decreased under no-irrigation condition.

마늘 구비대기의 화경 제거가 탄수화물 생성과 수량에 미치는 영향

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.3

마늘 주아를 생산하기 위해 구 비대기에 화경을 절단하지 않고 재배할 때 잎마름 정도, 엽면적, 광합성량, 탄수화물 함량, 수량성 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 마늘 잎마름 비율은 5월 4일 기준 일에 비해 5월 30일 수확 시 방임구는 63.9%, 절단구는 75.5% 정도였으며 엽면적은 방임구 228.1㎠/주와 화경 절단구 141.2㎠/주 정도였다. 화경 절단 10일후인 5월 14일의 광합성량은 차이가 없었으나 15일 후인 5월 19일에는 방임구 13.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹에 비해 절단은 12.7 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹로 낮은 경향이었다. 방임구 마늘잎에서 glucose와 sucrose 는 경시적으로 감소하였고 fructose는 초기에 35.1mgㆍg⁻¹에서 후기에 80.6mgㆍg⁻¹ 정도로 증가하였다. 절단구의 glucose는 방임구와 비슷한 경향이나 sucrose와 fructose는 높은 경향이었다. 엽초의 glucose 함량은 5월 9일에 화경 절단구가 방임구에 비해 약간 높았으나 비슷한 경향으로 감소하였다. Sucrose 함량은 5월 9일 절단한 엽초가 52.1mgㆍg⁻¹으로 방임구에 비해 2배정도 높았으나 감소 경향은 비슷하였다. Fructose 함량은 방임구 엽초에서 5월 9일 62.9mgㆍg⁻¹ 수준에서 5월 24일 103.3mgㆍg⁻¹ 수준까지 계속 증가하였다. 화경과 총포 내의 sucrose와 glucose 함량은 경시적으로 감소하였으며 fructose는 증가하는 경향이었다. 화경을 절단한 마늘 인편의 sucrose 함량은 구 비대 후기에 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 화경 절단구의 마늘 구경은 51.0㎜, 구중 34.2g으로 마늘 수량은 1,310㎏/10a수준이었다. 그러나 방임구에서는 구경 49.6㎜, 구중 31.2g으로 절단한 마늘에 비해 다소 낮아 수량은 1,197㎏/10a으로 8.6% 감소하여 마늘 주아 생산을 위해서는 재배 포장 전체에서 주아를 생산하는 것보다는 종구로 사용할 면적에서만 주아를 생산하면 마늘 수량의 감소를 줄일 수 있다고 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of scape cut during bulb development stage on leaf dryness, carbohydrate and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the field. The cloves were planted on polyethylene film-mulching plots at 18 × 11 ㎝ on September 25, 2006 and harvested on May 30, 2007. Time of scape cut was on May 4, 2007. Percentage of leaf dryness of no scape cut was slowly increased from 24.3% on May 14 to 63.9% on May 30, while that of scape cut was rapidly increased from 27.1% to 75.5%, respectively. Leaf area of scape cut and no scape cut were 141.2 and 228.1 cm2 per plant on May 30. Photosynthetic rate was similar to 11.0-10.9 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ on May 14, but photosynthetic rate of no scape cut increased to 13.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ on May 19 compared to 12.7 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ for scape cut. The glucose and sucrose content in leaves and leaf sheath of non scape cut were gradually decreased and the fructose was increased during bulb development stage. The fructose content in leaves of scape cut was high as 137.3 mgㆍg⁻¹ compared to 80.6 mgㆍg⁻¹ of no scape cut on May 30. However, the fructose content in leaf sheath of scape cut was greatly decreased and then gradually increased. The sucrose content of scape include bulbil was decreased to 89.1 mgㆍg⁻¹ on May 30 compared to 145.0 mgㆍg⁻¹ on May 9 and the fructose was increased during bulb development stage. The sucrose content of bulb in no scape cut was gradually increased. On the other hand, the sucrose content of bulb in scape cut off was greatly increased from 499.2 mgㆍg⁻¹ on May 9 to 803.2 mgㆍg⁻¹ on May 30. The ratio of large bulb diameter (above 45 ㎜), bulb weight and yield of scape cut were 61.1%, 34.2 g, and 1,310 ㎏/10a, respectively. The yield of no scape cut was decreased to 8.6% compared to 1,197 ㎏/10a for scape cut.

마늘 구 비대기에 화경 유무가 탄수화물 생성과 수량에 미치는 영향

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2008 No.5

남부지역에서 ‘남도’ 마늘 대립주아 파종시기 및 파종간격이 종구생산에 미치는 영향

남상식(Sang Sik Nam),최인후(In Hu Choi),배상경(Sang Kyung Bae),방진기(Jin Ki Bang) 한국원예학회 2005 원예과학기술지 Vol.23 No.3

‘'남도’마늘 대립주아 재배 시 파종시기 및 파종간격이 종구로 사용 가능한 인편 씨마늘 생산량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 난지형 마늘 재배지인 남부지역에서 0.5~0.7g 정도 크기의 대립주아를 재배할 경우 파종시기별 생육상황은 9월 15일과 25일 파종에서 초장이 77~79㎝, 엽수가 6매로 양호하였다. 마늘의 구경분포율은 9월 15일과 25일 파종이 대구 8.1%, 중구 23.3~26.1%로 10월 15일과 27일 파종에 비해 약간 높은 반면에 파종시기가 늦은 10월 15일과 27일 파종은 극소구율이 45.7~47.4%로 높았다. 종구로 사용 가능한 2.5g 이상의 인편 씨마늘 수는 9월 15일과 25일 파종에서 203~199개/m²로 많았다. 파종간격이 좁은 9×10㎝에서 마늘의 극소구율이 42.7%로 높았으며 구중은 18×10㎝의 17.8g에 비해 9×10㎝는 14.9g 정도였다. 종구로 사용 가능한 2.5g 이상의 인편 씨마늘 수는 9×10㎝에서 208개/m²로 많았다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of planting dates and planting densities using the large bulbils for seed clove production of garlic ‘Namdo’ in Southern regions. The bulbils, 0.5~0.7 g were planted in 15 and 25 September, and in 6, 15 and 27 October. Planting densities were 18×10, 15×10, 12×10, and 9×10 ㎝. Vegetative growth of garlic in field was significant among the planting dates. In the distribution of bulb diameter, those planted in mid- and late October produced higher percentage of small bulbs, 45.7~47.4%. Bulb weight and yield of garlic decreased at later planting dates. Number of seed clove of over 2.5 g were in September planting 203~199 cloves/㎡ than in October planting. Number of seed clove over 2.5 g was the highest at the planting densities 9×10 ㎝. Thus, in large bulbil cultivation, the suitable planting dates is in mid- or late September with density of 9×10 ㎝.

위선종과 조기위암에서 투명캡을 이용한 흡인점막절제술의 임상적 유용성 평가

김진일,이강문,정인식,방춘상,박두호,이동수,김성수,김상우,송호진,성용직,한석원,양영상,최규용,왕준호 대한소화기내시경학회 2000 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.21 No.3

Background/Aims: Endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy (EAM) can always lift up the lesion by suction regardless of its location and does not injure the mucosal surface. The clinical usefulness of this method was evaluated as follows. Methods: Thirty two patients with gastric adenoma (35 lesions) and 6 patients with early gastric carcinoma were treated by EAM from March 1997 to February 1999. Their characteristics (diameter, macroscopic appearance, and histologic diagnosis) were verified at endoscopy with a biopsy specimen. The complete resection was defined as the presence of normal mucosa at the resected margin. Results: The average size of the resected specimens was 17.8 mm in antrum and 16.5 mm in body. The ratio of complete resection by location was 67% in anterior wall, 88% in posterior wall, 86% in lesser curvature and 92% in greater curvature. The complete resection rate for smaller lesions (≤15 mm) was highly distinguished from that cf larger lesions (>15 mm). No serious complication was encountered. Coclusions: EAM is suitable for the treatment of gastric tumors. Lesions 15 mm or less in diameter can be resected easily by single procedure regardless of its location.

Joint involvement and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in Behcet`s disease (초)

( Sung Bin Cho ),( Ju Hee Lee ),( Keun Jae Ahn ),( Byung Gi Bae ),( Tae Gyun Kim ),( Yong Beom Park ),( Soo Kon Lee ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Dong Sik Bang ) 대한피부과학회 2009 초록집 Vol.47 No.20

Design of the Automatic Flight and Guidance Controller for 50m Unmanned Airship Platform

Sang-Jong Lee,Seong-Pil Kim,Tae-Sik Kim,Dong-Min Kim,Hyo-Choong Bang 한국항공우주학회 2005 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.6 No.2

The Stratospheric Airship Platform (SAP) has a capability of performing the autonomous and guidance flight to satisfy given missions. To be used as the High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), the capabilities of controlling platform's accurate position and keeping the station point are the most important features. Under this circumstances Autonomous Flight Control System (AFCS) is a critical system and plays a key role in achieving the given requirements and succeeding in missions. In this paper, the design and analysis results of the AFCS algorithms and controller are presented. The brief summary of the AFCS hardware structure is also explained. The autopilot controller and guidance logics were designed based on the linear dynamics of the unmanned airship platform and the full nonlinear dynamics was considered to evaluate and verify their performances.