한국인에 의한 유기인계 농약의 식이섭취량 추정

이서래,이미경 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1994 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

국내에서 사용되고 있는 주요 유기인계 농약 11종에 대한 한국인의 식이섭취량을 농산물중 잔류량과 식품계수로 부터 산정한 결과 1인당 1일 31㎍ 으로 나타났다. 식품군별 섭취량 비율은 곡류 56%, 채소 23%, 과일 14%, 두류, 기타 7%이었다. ADI 값에 대한 식이섭취량 비율을 보면 diazinon 6.1%, fenthion 5.8%, fenitrothion 3.3%, EPN 1.5%로 나타났고 11종 농약의 성분별 평균은 1.7%에 불과하였으나 모든 성분에 대한 합계치는 18.7%에 이르렀다. 따라서 현재와 같은 유기인계 농약의 사용실태하에서는 농산물중의 농약잔류가 한국인의 국민건강에 손상을 줄 수 있는 수준은 아니지만 체계적인 섭취량 평가에 착수해야 될 것으로 판단되었다. Daily dietary intake of 11 organophosphorus pesticides by the Korean population was estimated to be 31㎍ per person(0.567㎍/㎏ body weight/day) from known residue data on raw agricultural products and food factor based on the Korean diet, for the period of 1986-90. Intake ratio of 11 pesticides by food group was 56% from cereals, 23% from vegetables, 14% from fruits and 7% from legumes and other food materials. The ratio of the dietary intake to the ADI was 6.1% in diazinon, 5.8% in fenthion, 3.3% in fenitrothion, 1.5% in EPN and 1.7% average for 11 individual pesticides whereas the cumulative ratio of 11 pesticides was 18.7%. It is, therefore, proposed that a s"stematic estimate for the dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticides should be undertaken, although the present intake level would not give any adverse effect to the health of the Korean population under the current situation of pesticide usage.

국제기구 및 외국에서 농산물중 농약잔류 허용기준의 설정절차

이미경,홍무기,박건상,최동미,임무혁,이서래 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study was undertaken to find out necessary measures to improve the tolerance setting system of pesticide residues on food crops in Korea which is scientifically reasonable and harmonizable with international standards. Information on tolerance setting systems of pesticide residues by Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting of Experts on Pesticide Residues, USA, EU, Japan and Taiwan was collected and analyzed. On the basis of information in the above countries, necessary actions to be taken by the Korean regulatory authorities were recommended with respect to priority setting, maximum residue limits (MRLs) setting based on field residue data, group MRLs, minor crop problems, quantitation limit and dietary intake assessment.

한국인을 위한 식품 평균소비량(1990년대) 자료의 최적화

이서래,이효민,허근,이미경 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

국내에서는 식품수급표와 국민영양조사가 지난 수십년에 걸쳐 두개의 중앙부처에서 각각 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 근년에 들어와 두가지 통계자료간의 격차가 수용할 수 없는 수준에 도달하고 있다. 그 이유로서는 지난 30년간 공업화 및 도시화에 따른 식습관의 급격한 변화에도 불구하고 조사방법의 개선이 뒤따르지 못했기 때문으로 추정된다. 따라서 현재 이용가능한 국민영양조사에 의한 식품소비량 데이타를 식품수급표를 감안하면서 최적화하였다. 최근 1991-95년 기간중 개별 식품항목의 조정 소비량이 곡류, 감자류, 당류제품, 두류, 견과종실류, 과일류, 채소류, 육류, 난류, 우유제품, 유지류 및 수산물에 대하여 제안되었다. 소맥제품, 두류제품, 김치류 및 우유제품을 포함하는 가공 식품에서는 그들이 원료성분으로 계산하기 위한 잠정적인 환산계수를 제안하였다. 식품들의 공급량 데이타와 섭취량 데이타 간의 큰 편차는 국민영양조사에서 계절적 차이와 아울러 가공식품 및 외식에 의한 섭취량이 무시되었기 때문으로 지적되었다. 여기에서 제안하는 조정된 식품소비량 데이타는 앞으로 새로운 절차에 의한 국민건강영양조사 결과가 나와 검증될 때까지 평균소비량을 위한 국가대표치로 활용되기를 기대한다. 1) In Korea, food balance sheet and national nutrition survey have been conducted in parallel by Central Government for several decades. However, the gap between the two statistics became larger to reach an intolerable level in recent years, likely due to the limitation of dietary survey method in spite of the drastic change in dietary habits after industrialization and urbanization during last three decades. The currently available data from national nutrition survey was optimized by taking in to account of the food balance sheet. Adjusted consumption data for individual food items during the period of 1991-95 were given in tabular forms for groups of cereals, potatoes, sugars & sweets, legumes, nuts & seeds, fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs, dairy products, oils & fats and fishery foods. Conversion factors of processed foods including wheat products, soybean products, Kimchi and dairy products into their raw materials were tentatively proposed. Great differences between supply data and intake data of food commodities were pointed out to be likely due to the seasonal variation and ignorance of processed foods and dining-out in the national nutrition survey. It is recommended to utilize these optimized food intake data as the nationally-representative one until new data from the national health and nutrition survey undertaken after modified procedures since 1998 are obtained and verified in future.

In Vitro법에 의한 식이섬유의 혐기적 발효 및 수화 잔여물의 무게

이경숙,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study was conducted in order to establish an in pitro method simulating the physiological function of fibers along the large intestine of humans. Commercial fibers including guar gum, apple pectin, citrus pectin, CM-cellulose, alginic acid and a-cellulose, and dietary fiber residues obtained from rice bran, barely, soybean, Korean cabbage, apple, tangerine and sea mustard were employed to determine the water-holding capacity, weight of hydrated residue and fiber content agter anaerobic fermentation using human fecal inoculum for 24 hours, followed by dialysis under osmotic suction pressure. The weight of hydrated residue in commercial fibers was in the decreading order of CM-cellulose>alginic acid, a-cellulose>apple pectin, citrus pectin>guar gumand that in food fiber residues was in the decreasing order of rice bran, sea mustard>soybean>tangerine, Korean cabbage>barely>apple. It was demonstrated that the larger the weight of hydrated residue was, the more the weight of human stool increased. Consequently this in pitro method can be used as a preceeding test before undertaking animal or human experiment to predict the physiological effects of fiver residues from diverse food samples as well as commercially refined fibers.

톨루엔 디이소시아네이트 폭로 근로자들의 작업방법에 따른 대사물질의 비교 및 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조병만,황인경,이철호,박정래 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Following recent advanced industrialization, the amount of polyurethane to use as thermal insulating materials, upholstery, mattresses and packing materials in automotive and furniture industry is increasing world-widely, and the number of polyurethane-producing worker will be increased. Because the numerous organic solvents are used in polyurethane-producing factory, the workers in this work site is exposed to many organic solvents. Of the organic solvents, Toluene Diisocyanate(TDI) has many hazardous effects to human. The effects of TDI on human are the irritation to respiratory mucosa and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conjunctival irritation, dermal inflammation (redness, pain, vesicular formation) and gastrointestinal symptom(nausea, vomiting. abdominal pain) are reported just after short-term exposure of TDI. TDI is known to give rise to bronchial asthma, as the immune disorder. And because of strongly volatile characteristics of TDI, it is suggested as a more injurious material to human health, especially human immune system, than other organic solvents. Bronchial asthma inducing mechanism of TDI is not clearly known, but on the analogy of TDI induced symptoms and recent studies, early-onset asthma is type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E(IgE), and late-onset asthma is maybe type III hypersensitivity reaction by circulating IgG. And we know that the complicated human immune function is likely to move in such that mechanisms, there are not studies on immune indices evaluating the bronchial asthma-related immune function. The evaluation of change patterns of humoral immunity including IgE and IgG and cellular immunity including T-helper cell. T-suppressor cell and T-cytotoxic cell will be helpful to evaluate exposure degrees and prognosis in TDI exposed workers. Because TDA(toluene diamine) as a biological exposure index of TDI becomes the focus of interest, we know that a study on the correlation between urinary TDA and air TDI and immunological indices will make a contribution to biological effect monitoring indicies. We examined human immunity indicators such as WBC, %Lymph (percentile of Lymphocyte in WBC), %T-cell(percentile of T-lymphocyte in total lymphocyte). CD4, CD8, C3, C4, IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE in peripheral blood to evaluate the health hazard of the TDI-exposed workers. And we examined TDA to evaluate correlation between exposure and effect. Total 90 subjects was selected, 45 workers who worked in the polyurethane-producing factories as an exposed group, and 45 cases who were office workers(10 cases), other blue collors(27 cases), and medical college students(8 cases) as a control group. And the results were as follows; 1. The logarithm of IgE-Log10(IgE)±SD-in peripheral blood of a exposed group was significantly higher than a control group, 2.22 ±0.62 in case group compared with 1.98±0.53 in control group. (p<0.05) 2. IgA and IgM in the polyurethane-producing workers were 261.02±83.12㎎/㎗, 151.97 ±59.64 ㎎/㎗, respectively, and 292.77±100.45, 179.17±100.78 in control group. IgA and IgM was slightly lower in polyurethane-producing group than control.(p>0.05) 3. WBC, %Lymph. %T-cell, C3, C4, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio and IgG in case group were 6.391.1 ea/㎖, 37.53 %, 59.54 %, 76.68 ㎎/㎗, 0.76×10(9) ea/L, 0.63×10(9) ea/L, 1.39, and 1606.29 ㎎/㎗, respectively, and 6,974.7 ea/㎖, 35.12 %, 59.64 %, 71.95 ㎎/㎗, 33.94 ㎎/㎗, 0.80×10(9) ea/L, 0.61×10(9) ea/L, 1.39, and 1581.51 ㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups.(p>0.05) 4. In the comparison of each other companies, average of individual urinary TDA in polyurethane paint manufacturing companies is higher than that of polyurethane sponge foaming companies. And, the concentration of 2.6-TDA which is a metabolite of well-vaporized 2.6-TDI is higher than that of 2.4-TDA in the polyurethane sponge foaming companies. But, the concentration of 2.4-TDA which is a metabolite of illvaporized but well skin-absorbed 2.4-TDI is higher in polyurethane paint manufactures. 5. There were no statistical significance in the correlations between individual urinary TDA and immunologic indices.

남부지역 시설채소 재배 농가의 친환경농자재 사용실태

이미경,황재문,이서래 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.1

국내산 식물성 식품중 페놀성 물질의 함량 분석

이정희,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1994 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

한국인의 식생활에서 널리 이용되고 있는 식물성 식품 및 민간요법에서 이용되는 비상용식품 45가지를 선택하여 총페놀함량은 Folin-Denis 법으로, 축합형 탄닌의 함량은 vanillin 법과 modified vanillin 법으로, 단백질 침전성 페놀물질의 함량은 단백질 침전법으로 측정하였다. 총페놀 함량(건물기준)은 0.1~5.8%로 감잎, 밤속껍질, 모과, 호두, 해바라기씨, 칡뿌리에서는 2% 이상의 높은 함량을 보였다. 축합형 탄닌함량(건물기준)은 0~48%로 모과, 밤속껍질 에서 매우 높이 나타났다. 단백질 침전성 페놀성분의 함량(건물 기준)은 0.4~2.2%로 밤속껍질, 호두, 모과에서 매우 높았고 그들의 단백질 침전능은 트립신보다 펩신이나 알부민에서 더 잘 나타났다. 식품중 페놀성 물질 함량간의 상관관계를 보면 총페놀 함량과 단백질 침전성 페놀물질의 함량 (r=0.65)과 축합형 탄닌 함량 (r=0.56)간에 높은 상관관계를 보였으나, 축합형 탄닌함량과 단백질 침전성 페놀물질 함량간에는 비교적 낮은 상관관계 (r=0.39)를 보였다. 축합형 탄닌의 중합도를 예측하는 vanillin/Folin-Denis 비를 살펴본 결과 모과, 밤속껍질, 수수에서 높은 값을 보여 결국 낮은 중합도를 보였다. 메밀, 도토리, 쑥, 칡 등을 이용한 가공식품에서의 페놀물질 함량은 원료상태에서 보다 낮은 함량을 보여 식품단백질의 이용율에는 큰 장애를 주지 않을 것으로 판단되었다. The phenolic substances contents of 45 plant foods in Korean diet were determined by different methods. Total phenolics contents by Folin-Denis method were 0.1~5.8% (dry matter basis), in which persimmon leaf, chestnut's inner skin, Chinese quince, walnut, sunflower seed and arrowroot exhibited the higher levels above 2%. Condensed tannin contents by vanillin method were 0~48%, in which Chinese quince and chestnut's inner layer gave very high levels. Protein-precipitable phenolic substances ranged from 0.4% to 2.2%, in which chestnut's inner layer, walnut and Chinese quince had the highest content. The ability of phenolics to form precipitate was higher with pepsin and albumin than with trypsin. Among different phenolics content, total phenlolics correlated significantly with protein-precipitable phenolics (r=0.65) and condensed tannin (r=0.56). Chinsese quince, chestnut's inner skin and sorghum showed a relatively lower degree of polymerization, as expressed by vanillin/Folin-Denis ratio. Processed foods from buckwheat, acorn, mugwort and arrowroot showed a lower content of phenolic substances, suggesting a negligible adverse effect on the bioavailability of food proteins, if any.

韓國人을 위한 食品係數의 最適化

이서래,이미경 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1993 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

한국인을 위한 식품중 유해성분의 安全性 평가 및 基準設定에 필요한 食品係數를 결정하기 위하여 국민영양조사에 의한 식품攝取量과 식품수급표에 의한 供給量 자료로부터 1인당 1일 식품종류별 消費量을 1970년대와 1980년대로 나누어 最適化하였다. 1인당 소비하는 총식품량은 1970년대에 1,104g, 1980년대에 1,240g 이었으며 식품 종류별로는 증감비율이 달리 나타났다. In order to provide food factors necessary for safety assessment and standard setting of hazardous substances in foods, per capita consumption of food items by Korean population was optimized for the periods of 1970's and 1980's from nutritional survey and food supply data. Average daily intake of total foods per person was 1,104 g in 1970's and 1,240 g and in 1980's. Much variation was observed between the two decades by food commodities.

학교체육 활성화 방안에 대한 연구(Ⅰ) : 강원대학교 교양체육 운영방법의 개선을 중심으로

이광재,문병용,노성규,박기동,홍관이,한상준,유옥재,엄기진,정청자,오수일,김윤래,박장평,부기원 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1986 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.11

Try to find a scheme for activation to College Physical Education, this Report informs the various kinds of Survey and process those were projected for improvement of management methods on Cultural Physical Education in Kang Weon National University. From experimentally carried out "Sports events Choosing System" not as usual be inforced "Total practical Skill System", Following Positive effects and sujestions were Presented; 1. "Sports events choosing system" gave birth to more students' interesting and more voluntary participation to the sports events they chose, and sports skill and instruction level was elevated due to charge of expert according to each sports events. This system would be managed continuously hereafter for it related to life sports. 2. This System needs to closed cooperations between College and Community, for the facilities of community are utilized by college. 3. To complete the plan for activation of college Physical Education, additionally, the successional study ; namely "autonomous extracurricular sports activity" should be excuted hereafter.

국내산 식물성 식품중 식이섬유 함량의 분석

이경숙,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1993 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

국내산 식물성 식품중 식이섬유의 급원 54가지 시료에 대하여 섬유질 함량을 AOAC법에 의해 분석하였다. 신선물 기준시 식이섬유 및 조섬유 함량은 각각 곡류 1.19~10.35%, 0.19~1.28%, 감자류 1.12~1.81%, 0.29~0.64%, 두류 2.05~18.14%, 0.38~11.05%, 신선채소류 0.99~7.42%, 0.35~2.61%, 가공채소류 2.28~41.14%, 0.97%~20.96%, 과일류 0.19~2.91%, 0.10~0.79%, 견과종실류 4.27%~10.83%, 0.96%~4.62%, 버섯류 1.62~3.94%, 0.79%~0.89%, 해조류 28.70~38.19%, 2.17%~6.41%, 조미료류 4.65%~6.67%, 2.49%~3.44%였다. 식이섬유/조섬유 비율은 2~13으로서 식품 종류간의 차이가 크게 나타나, 대개 식품에 대한 식이섬유 함량의 분석을 필요로 한다. Total dietary fiber and crube fiber contents were analyzed for 54 different kinds of Korean vegetable foods by AOAC method. On the fresh matter basis, total dietary fiber and crube fiber contents of tested food samples ranged from 1.19~10.35%, 0.19~1.28% in cereals, 1.12~1.81%, 0.29~0.64% in potatoes, 2.05~18.14%, 0.38~4.42% in pulses, 0.99~7.42%, 0.35~2.61% in fresh vegetables, 2.28~41.14%, 0.97%~20.96% in processed begetables, 0.19~2.91%, 0.10~0.79% in fruits, 4.27%~10.83%, 0.96%~4.62% in nuts and seeds, 1.62%~3.94%, 0.79%~0.89% in mushrooms, 28.70%~38.19%, 2.17%~6.41% in seaweeds, and 4.65%~6.67%, 2.49%~3.44% in seasonings, respectively. The ratio of total dietary fiber/crude fiber contents ranged from 2 to 13, showing a wide variation among food commodities, necessitating the analysis of total dietary fiber content for individual food items.