The Development of Simple Methods for the Maintenance and Quantification of Polymyxa graminis

Tyagi, S.,Sultana, R.,Ju, H. J.,Lee, W. H.,Kim, K.,Lee, B.,Lee, K. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Indian journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.4

<P>Polymyxa graminis, a root endoparasite of several cereal species, is considered to be non-pathogenic but serves as a vector of various plant viruses belonging to the genera Bymovirus, Furovirus, and Pecluvirus. Specifically, it reduces barley productivity by transmitting the Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV). To date, due to its obligate biotrophic property, no artificial culturing of P. graminis was reported and its quantification was also technically challenging. Here, we developed a novel and simple method to infect P. graminis within sterile barley roots in contamination free by preparing nearly pure zoospore inoculum. Such artificial maintenance of P. graminis was verified based on the presence of various developmental stages in infected barley roots under microscope. In addition, the population of resting spores in host tissue was determined by establishing standard curve between manually counted number of spores and C-t values of 18S rDNA amplification using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, it was validated that standard curve generated was also applicable to estimate the abundance of P. graminis in soil environments. In conclusion, the present study would help to generate a system to investigate the etiological causes as well as management of plant diseases caused by P. graminis and BaYMV in tissue and soil.</P>

EXERGETIC ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF HYBRID REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR DAIRY APPLICATIONS

S. ANAND,A. GUPTA,S. K. TYAGI 대한설비공학회 2014 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.22 No.4

The application of biogas powered refrigeration system is being studied because of many folds increase in the cost of conventional fuels. This paper presents a numerical study of biogas operated ammonia–water hybrid vapor compression absorption refrigeration system for onsite dairy cooling applications. This system involves the compressor between the generator and condenser and use biogas (generated from the cattle dung) fired boiler to heat water which acts as an energy source for generator in the hybrid system. The variation of performance parameters such as heat load of different components, exergy loss, COPcooling, COPheating and exergy efficiency are studied with varying generator temperature. The results indicate that COPcooling as well COPheating values are in the range of 0.1125–0.2159 and 1.112–1.169, respectively, for the same variation in the generator temperature from 65°C to 130°C. The work done by the compressor is also calculated and found to be decreasing with an increase in the condenser, evaporator and generator temperature. The effect of the ambient temperature on the exergy loss in different components is also studied in the analysis and the results revealed that the maximum exergy loss is found in the generator and it is found to be the lowest in compressor.

Genetic diversity assessment of Indian barley cultivars using RAPD markers

K. Tyagi,S. K. Jaiswal,L. C. Prasad,A. K. Joshi,S. J. Yun 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Assessment of the extent of genetic variability within a cultivated crop has important consequences in plant breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to produce barley genomic DNA fingerprints. The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of polymorphism contained in such fingerprints on disclosing genetic relationships among 26 barley genotypes including advanced lines and released cultivars. Among the 21 primers the percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 33% (OPG-07) to 83% (OPG-02), showing a high degree of molecular variation. The highest genetic similarity was observed between genotypes Karan-521 and Karan-741(58%), and the lowest genetic similarity was observed between the cultivars Lakhan and C 138 (3.7%). The similarity matrix by the UPGMA algorithm delineated the above genotypes into four major clusters. The results demonstrate the utility of RAPD markers in differentiating Indian barley varieties. KT and SJY were supported by 2008 National Agricultural Germplasm Management System Establishment Program.

Genetic Variation of Drought Tolerance at Early Stage of Plant Growth in Wild Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum) Germplasm

K. Tyagi,M. R. Park,H. J. Lee,C. A. Lee,S. J. Yun 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.04

Drought is one of the most important types of abiotic stress that affects stability and amount of yield. This study was conducted to screen for drought tolerance at early seedling stages for 318 ecogeographically diverse wild barley (HordeumvulgareL.spp.spontaneum) diversity collection (WBDC). Considerable variation was observed for all the seedling characters examined. Seedling growth was significantly reduced by 17% polyethyleneglycol -induced osmotic stress with significant variation among accessions. Comparison of mean performance under normal and osmotic stress conditions indicated that shoot length was the most sensitive trait, followed by seedling length, seminal root number, root-shoot length ratio and root length. The mean of root-shoot length ratio, however, increased under osmotic stress. Correlation studies indicated that the root length was the most important trait, followed by shoot length and root-shoot length ratio. The accessions from the Fertile Crescent and North Africa showed more drought tolerance than those from the other geographical regions. The accessions WBDC009 (Jordan), WBDC075 (Libya), WBDC181 (Jordan), WBDC242 (Jordan) and WBDC280 (Israel) exhibited the lowest stress susceptibility index ‘S’ values. Consequently, these accessions showed tolerance to drought at the early seedling stage and are considered to be good sources of drought tolerance for cultivated barley improvement. This work was supported by a grant from Regional Subgenebank Support Program of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea .

Antifertility Effect of Neem (Azadrichta indica) Seed Kernel Meal in Chickens

Mohan, J.,Tyagi, Praveen K.,Tyagi, Pramod K.,Verma, S.V.S.,Moudgal, R.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

The reproductive performance of forty two male broilers divided into three similar groups and fed on isocaloric and isonitrogneous diets containing 0, 10 or 20% water washed neem seed kernel meal (WWNSKM) was investigated from 20 to 32-wks of age. Results on semen characteristics revealed that feeding of WWNSKM led to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in semen volume, sperm concentration associated with increased incidences of morphological abnormalities in the spermatozoa when compared to that of the control birds. A drastic reduction in the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa was observed, the adverse effects being more at higher inclusion level of the cake. Hatchability of eggs also declined in the WWNSKM fed group. Histological examination of testes revealed a higher number of degenerating cells and poor spermatogenesis along with multinucleated giant cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes of birds receiving the high dose of WWNSKM in diet. It may be concluded that the feeding of WWNSKM by incorporating in isocaloric and isonitrogneous diets to cockerels is associated with adverse effect on their fertility.

Estimation of Denominators- a New Approach for Calculating of Various Rates in Cancer Registries

Haroon, A.S.,Gupta, S.M.,Tyagi, B.B.,Farhat, J. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

In this study, cancer incidence data were assessed to provide various rates of five year age groups for a given year, lying between two census years. The individual exponential growth rate method is most useful in both population-based and non-population cased cancer registries in India to estimate the population by five yearly age groups and also find the rates of crude rates, age standard rates and cumulative rates. This method has been shown to endure from bias and often results sacrificing the overall growth rate and correction factor must be needful in five year age group population to maintain it. A second method, the difference distribution method is also able to maintain the overall growth rate and overcome the bias in estimation of five yearly age group populations. From this point of view these methods serving a new technique for population estimation by five yearly age groups for inter census years.

Schedule communication routing approach to maximize energy efficiency in wireless body sensor networks

Kaebeh Yaeghoobi S.B.,M.K. Soni,S.S. Tyagi 국제구조공학회 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.21 No.2

E-Health allows you to supersede the central patient wireless healthcare system. Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) is the first phase of the e-Health system. In this paper, we aim to understand e-Health architecture and configuration, and attempt to minimize energy consumption and latency in transmission routing protocols during restrictive latency in data delivery of WBSN phase. The goal is to concentrate on polling protocol to improve and optimize the routing time interval and schedule communication to reduce energy utilization. In this research, two types of network models routing protocols are proposed – elemental and clustering. The elemental model improves efficiency by using a polling protocol, and the clustering model is the extension of the elemental model that Destruct Supervised Decision Tree (DSDT) algorithm has been proposed to solve the time interval conflict transmission. The simulation study verifies that the proposed models deliver better performance than the existing BSN protocol for WBSN.

Degradation of organic light emitting diode: Heat related issues and solutions

Tyagi, P.,Srivastava, R.,Giri, L.I.,Tuli, S.,Lee, C. Elsevier Sequoia] 2016 Synthetic metals Vol.216 No.-

Degradation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the most serious obstacle towards their commercialization. OLED degrades due to various internal and external mechanisms. External degradation is mainly caused due to the instability of low work function cathode, pin-hole formation during fabrication which provides a path for oxygen and moisture infiltration. Operation of OLED also leads to degradation with major causes being morphological instability of organic layers, trap formation, indium or oxygen diffusion from anode, interface deterioration etc. Heat generation in the OLED also acts as a source of degradation. Most of the heat is generated instantaneously upon biasing of OLED due to resistive or Joule heating as a consequence of high resistance of organic layers and non-radiative recombination. Generated heat can be reduced by reducing the effects of the generation sources such as improving conductivity of organic layers by doping, using additional layers to improve charge injection, employing emissive layers with low recombination losses etc. However, these ways can only reduce the heat up to a certain amount. To further improve the lifetime of OLED, the generated heat can be dissipated by employing heat sinks using either thermally conducting substrate or encapsulation etc. We present a review on OLED degradation with a particular focus on heat generation, its consequences and ways of reduction.

An improved envelope detection method using particle swarm optimisation for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis

Sunil Tyagi,S.K. Panigrahi 한국CDE학회 2017 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.4 No.4

Traditionally Envelope Detection (ED) is implemented for detection of rolling element bearing faults by extracting the envelope of band-passed vibration signal and thereafter taking its Fourier transform. The performance of ED is highly sensitive to the envelope window (i.e. central frequency and bandwidth of the passband). This paper employs Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) to select the most optimum envelope window to band pass the vibration signals emanating from rotating driveline that was run in normal and with faults induced rolling element bearings. The envelopes of band-passed signals were extracted with the help of Hilbert Transform. The performance of ED whose envelope window was optimised by PSO to identify various commonly occurring bearing faults such as bearing with Outer Race Fault (ORF), Inner Race Fault (IRF) and Rolling Element Fault (REF) were checked under varying load conditions. The performance of ‘ED enhanced by PSO’ was also checked with increase in the severity of defect. It was shown that the improved ED method is successfully able to identify all types of bearing faults under different load conditions. It was shown that the by selecting envelope window by PSO makes ED especially useful to identify bearing faults at the incipient stage of defect. It was also shown by presenting comparative performance that by optimising the envelope window by PSO the performance of ED gets significantly enhanced in comparison to the traditional ED method for bearing fault diagnosis.

Pre- and post-breakdown electrical studies in ultrathin Al2O3 films by conductive atomic force microscopy

K. Ganesan,S. Ilango,Mariyappan Shanmugam,M. Farrokh Baroughi,M. Kamruddin,A.K. Tyagi 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.9

The loss of local dielectric integrity in ultrathin Al2O3 films grown by atomic layer deposition is investigated using conducting atomic force microscopy. IeV spectra acquired at different regions of the samples by constant and ramping voltage stress are analyzed for their pre- and post-breakdown signatures. Based on these observations, the thickness dependent dielectric reliability and failure mechanism are discussed. Our results show that remarkable enhancement in breakdown electric field as high as 130 MV/cm is observed for ultrathin films of thickness less than 1 nm.