The state of framework development for implementing reasoning mechanisms in smart cyber-physical systems: A literature review

Sirasak Tepjit,Imre Horváth, Zoltán Rusák 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.4

Smart CPSs (S-CPSs) have been evolving beyond what was identified by the traditional definitions of CPSs. The objective of our research is to investigate the concepts and implementations of reasoning processes for S-CPSs, and more specifically, the frameworks proposed for the fuzzy front end of their reasoning mechanisms. The objectives of the paper are: (i) to analyze the framework concepts and implementations of CPS, (ii) to review the literature concerning system-level reasoning and its enablers from the points of view of the processed knowledge, building awareness, reasoning mechanisms, decision making, and adaptation. Our findings are: (i) awareness and adaptation behaviors are considered as system-level smartness of S-CPSs that are not achieved by traditional design approaches; (ii) model-based and com-posability approaches insufficiently support the development of reasoning mechanisms for S-CPSs; (iii) frameworks for development of reasoning in S-CPS should support compositional design. Based on the conclusions above, we argue that coping with the challenges of compositionality requires both software-level integration and holistic fusion of knowledge by means of semantic transformations. This entails the need for a multi aspect framework that is able to capture at least conceptual, functional, architectural, informational, interoperation, and behavioral aspects. It needs further investigation if a compositionality enabling framework should appear in the form of a meta-framework (abstract) or in the form of a semantically integrated (concrete) framework.

Screening of ‘King’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour) ×Poncirus trifoliata ((L.) Raf.) hybrids as salt stress-tolerant citrus rootstocks

Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca,Maria Angeles Forner-Giner,Amparo Primo-Capella 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.3

This work evaluates new citrus hybrid tolerance to salt stress compared to Carrizo citrange. Growth parameters, ion concentration,photosynthetic parameters, leaf water relation, plant damage and proline concentration were assessed in plantsirrigated with 0 (control) or 60 mM of NaCl for 60 days. Some hybrids presented marked salt-stress symptomatology likesharp decreases in plant biomass and RGR parameter, and high leaf burn and abscission percentages. While Cl − accumulationin most salinised genotypes was recorded in all the plant fractions, accumulation occurred in some hybrids only in their aerialorgans. Stomatal conductance also lowered under salt conditions in all the hybrids, whereas the internal CO 2 concentration(Ci) tended to increase. Salt stress lowered the leaf water potentials in all the 0501 hybrids. As a response, the salinisedplants induced proline accumulation. The main trait that improved salt tolerance in some genotypes is apparently linked withthe imbalance among Cl − , Na + and K + ions, especially enhanced K + uptake and transport rates which delay plant damage.

Key role of boron compartmentalisation-related genes as the initial cell response to low B in citrus genotypes cultured in vitro

Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca,Amparo Primo-Capella,Maria Angeles Forner-Giner 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.4

This work compared the expression of the main B transport-related genes (some members of the aquaporin family - NIP5 , TIP5 and PIP1 - and some effl ux-B transporters - BOR1 and BOR4 -), and the response of some physiological parameters in two citrus species [ Citrus macrophylla W. (CM) and Citrus aurantium L. (CA)] under moderate and low boron (B) conditions. Seedlings were cultured “in vitro” in media supplemented with 50 or 0 μM H 3 BO 3 . NIP5 , BOR1 and PIP1 expressions were enhanced by low B levels in both genotypes. TIP5 was down-regulated in the roots and leaves of the CA0 seedlings, and in the roots of CM0. BOR4 also lowered in the roots of both species at 0 μM H 3 BO 3 . Consequently, citrus species showed a common tolerance mechanism to low B conditions based on the synergism among transport channel NIP5, non-selective aquaporin PIP1 and transporter BOR1, and the impairment of genes TIP5 and BOR4 related with tolerance responses to B-toxic conditions. However, the CA genotype displayed low B symptoms earlier than CM (reduced plant biomass, length, relative growth rate and chlorophyll content). Proline concentration was higher in CM0 than in CA0 leaves, while the latter also enhanced malonaldehyde content. Although both plants had similar B concentrations, they diff ered in B content and B partitioning fractions. Whereas the CA genotype was more aff ected by lack of B treatment as more B was needed inside the cell, the more minimal need of cell B in CM favoured its allocation in the insoluble fraction and allowed growth in this genotype. In conclusion, B compartmentalisation seems critical in tolerance to low B level in citrus.

Optimal Reconstruction of the Damage Distribution in Bridge Decks by Measuring the Noisy Response Induced by Traffic Loads

Guillermo Rus,이상열 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.6

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the damage distribution in bridge decks by measuring the noisy response induced by traffic loads. A model-based inverse problem is proposed, where a search algorithm finds the damage parameters that minimize the discrepancy between measurements and simulations that depend on those unknown parameters. Two theoretical contributions are developed and validated: (1) a semi-analytical estimation of the probability of detection, which provides a robust criterion to optimize the positions of sensors, and (2) a measurement filter to maximize the identifiability of damage under noisy measurements, which is also optimized. The two main practical contributions are (1) the feasibility of the proposed model-based inverse problem to reconstruct damage in complex structures such a bridge decks with moving loads under realistic levels of noise and realistic spatial distributions of the structural damage, and (2) the understanding of the complex nature of the damage-deck-moving load interactions provided by a parametric study for different bridge designs, different deck thickness-length ratios, one and two spans and a range of moving load speeds. The feasibility of the proposed inverse problem strategy is validated and shown capable of reconstructing the damage characteristics, with computational efficiency and under realistic levels of noise.

복합소재 기둥 구조의 적층배열 변화에 따른 고유진동 및 모드 특성

Kim, Gyu-Dong,Guillermo Rus,Lee, Sang-Youl 한국복합신소재구조학회 2013 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.4 No.1

The dynamic analysis of poles made of advanced composite materials is carried out for different length-thickness ratios and layup sequences. The numerical results using ABAQUS obtained for plates and shells are in good agreement with those reported by other investigators. The new results for laminated composite pole structures in this study mainly show the effect of the interactions between the radius-length ratio and other various parameters. The effect of fiber angles of long composite poles also investigated. Key observation points are discussed and a brief design guideline is given.

The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Iigase SIZ1 controls phosphate deficiency responses

Miura, Kenji,Rus, Ana,Sharkhuu, Altanbadralt,Yokoi, Shuji,Karthikeyan, Athikkattuvalasu S.,Raghothama, Kashchandra G.,Bae k, Dongwon,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Jin, Jing-Bo,Bressan, Ray A.,Yun, Dae-Jin,Hasegawa, Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

Plants sense phosphate (Pi) deficiency and initiate signaling that controls adaptive responses necessary for Pi acquisition. Herein, evidence establishes that AtSIZ1 is a plant small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase and is a focal controller of Pi starvation-dependent responses. T-DNA insertional mutated alleles of AtSIZ1(At5g60410) cause Arabidopsis to exhibit exaggerated prototypical Pi starvation responses, including cessation of primary root growth, extensive lateral root and root hair development, increase in root/shoot mass ratio, and greater anthocyanin accumulation, even though intracellular Pi levels in siz1 plants were similar to wild type. AtSIZ1 has SUMO E3 ligase activity in vitro, and immunoblot analysis revealed that the protein sumoylation profile is impaired in siz1 plants. AtSIZ1-GFP was localized to nuclear foci. Steady-state transcript abundances of Pi starvation-responsive genes AtPT2, AtPS2, and AtPS3 were moderate but clearly greater in siz1 seedlings that in wild type, where Pi is sufficient. Pi starvation induced the expression of these genes to the same extent in siz1 and wild-type seedlings. However, two other Pi starvation-responsive genes, AtlPS1 and AtRNS1, are induced more slowly in siz1 seedlings by Pi limitation. PHR1, a MYB transcriptional activator of AtIPS1 and AtRNS1, is as AtRNS1 sumoylation target. These results indicate that AtSIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase and that sumoylation is a control mechanism that acts both negatively and positively on different Pi deficiency responses.

Quantitative nondestructive evaluation of thin plate structures using the complete frequency information from impact testing

이상열,Guillermo Rus,박대효 국제구조공학회 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.5

This article deals the theory for solving an inverse problem of plate structures using the frequency-domain information instead of classical time-domain delays or free vibration eigenmodes or eigenvalues. A reduced set of output parameters characterizing the defect is used as a regularization technique to drastically overcome noise problems that appear in imaging techniques. A deconvolution scheme from an undamaged specimen overrides uncertainties about the input signal and other coherent noises. This approach provides the advantage that it is not necessary to visually identify the portion of the signal that contains the information about the defect. The theoretical model for Quantitative nondestructive evaluation, the relationship between the real and ideal models, the finite element method (FEM) for the forward problem, and inverse procedure for detecting the defects are developed. The theoretical formulation is experimentally verified using dynamic responses of a steel plate under impact loading at several points. The signal synthesized by FEM, the residual, and its components are analyzed for different choices of time window. The noise effects are taken into account in the inversion strategy by designing a filter for the cost functional to be minimized. The technique is focused toward a exible and rapid inspection of large areas, by recovering the position of the defect by means of a single accelerometer, overriding experimental calibration, and using a reduced number of impact events.

The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 controls phosphate deficiency responses.

Miura, Kenji,Rus, Ana,Sharkhuu, Altanbadralt,Yokoi, Shuji,Karthikeyan, Athikkattuvalasu S,Raghothama, Kashchandra G,Baek, Dongwon,Koo, Yoon Duck,Jin, Jing Bo,Bressan, Ray A,Yun, Dae-Jin,Hasegawa, Paul National Academy of Sciences 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.102 No.21

<P>Plants sense phosphate (Pi) deficiency and initiate signaling that controls adaptive responses necessary for Pi acquisition. Herein, evidence establishes that AtSIZ1 is a plant small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase and is a focal controller of Pi starvation-dependent responses. T-DNA insertional mutated alleles of AtSIZ1 (At5g60410) cause Arabidopsis to exhibit exaggerated prototypical Pi starvation responses, including cessation of primary root growth, extensive lateral root and root hair development, increase in root/shoot mass ratio, and greater anthocyanin accumulation, even though intracellular Pi levels in siz1 plants were similar to wild type. AtSIZ1 has SUMO E3 ligase activity in vitro, and immunoblot analysis revealed that the protein sumoylation profile is impaired in siz1 plants. AtSIZ1-GFP was localized to nuclear foci. Steadystate transcript abundances of Pi starvation-responsive genes AtPT2, AtPS2, and AtPS3 were moderate but clearly greater in siz1 seedlings than in wild type, where Pi is sufficient. Pi starvation induced the expression of these genes to the same extent in siz1 and wild-type seedlings. However, two other Pi starvation-responsive genes, AtIPS1 and AtRNS1, are induced more slowly in siz1 seedlings by Pi limitation. PHR1, a MYB transcriptional activator of AtIPS1 and AtRNS1, is an AtSIZ1 sumoylation target. These results indicate that AtSIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase and that sumoylation is a control mechanism that acts both negatively and positively on different Pi deficiency responses.</P>

Quantitative nondestructive evaluation of thin plate structures using the complete frequency information from impact testing

Lee, Sang-Youl,Rus, Guillermo,Park, Tae-Hyo Techno-Press 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.5

This article deals the theory for solving an inverse problem of plate structures using the frequency-domain information instead of classical time-domain delays or free vibration eigenmodes or eigenvalues. A reduced set of output parameters characterizing the defect is used as a regularization technique to drastically overcome noise problems that appear in imaging techniques. A deconvolution scheme from an undamaged specimen overrides uncertainties about the input signal and other coherent noises. This approach provides the advantage that it is not necessary to visually identify the portion of the signal that contains the information about the defect. The theoretical model for Quantitative nondestructive evaluation, the relationship between the real and ideal models, the finite element method (FEM) for the forward problem, and inverse procedure for detecting the defects are developed. The theoretical formulation is experimentally verified using dynamic responses of a steel plate under impact loading at several points. The signal synthesized by FEM, the residual, and its components are analyzed for different choices of time window. The noise effects are taken into account in the inversion strategy by designing a filter for the cost functional to be minimized. The technique is focused toward a exible and rapid inspection of large areas, by recovering the position of the defect by means of a single accelerometer, overriding experimental calibration, and using a reduced number of impact events.

In-silico characterization and structure-based functional annotation of a hypothetical protein from Campylobacter jejuni involved in propionate catabolism

Mazumder, Lincon,Hasan, Mehedi,Rus’d, Ahmed Abu,Islam, Mohammad Ariful Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.4

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most prevalent organisms associated with foodborne illness across the globe causing campylobacteriosis and gastritis. Many proteins of C. jejuni are still unidentified. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and function of a non-annotated hypothetical protein (HP) from C. jejuni. A number of properties like physiochemical characteristics, 3D structure, and functional annotation of the HP (accession No. CAG2129885.1) were predicted using various bioinformatics tools followed by further validation and quality assessment. Moreover, the protein-protein interactions and active site were obtained from the STRING and CASTp server, respectively. The hypothesized protein possesses various characteristics including an acidic pH, thermal stability, water solubility, and cytoplasmic distribution. While alpha-helix and random coil structures are the most prominent structural components of this protein, most of it is formed of helices and coils. Along with expected quality, the 3D model has been found to be novel. This study has identified the potential role of the HP in 2-methylcitric acid cycle and propionate catabolism. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions revealed several significant functional partners. The in-silico characterization of this protein will assist to understand its molecular mechanism of action better. The methodology of this study would also serve as the basis for additional research into proteomic and genomic data for functional potential identification.