개화기 러시아 관련 한글 자료에 대하여

김동언,RossKing 한글학회 2002 한글 Vol.- No.255

New Russian Materials on 'Kaehwagi' (Enlightenment Period) Korean

Western Protestant Missionaries and the Origins of Korean Language Modernization

Ross King 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2005 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.11 No.3

In this paper, I challenge the idea prevalent among Korean scholars of the history of Korean linguistics and language reforms that Western missionaries’ linguistic research from the 1880s to 1910 had no tangible or lasting effect on the work of Korean scholars and language reforms. In particular, I examine the “missionary spelling debate of 1902–1906” and its relationship to Korea’s first official attempts at orthographic reform and language modernization: the Kungmun Yŏn’guso (National Script Research Institute, 1907–1909) and the first official Japanese colonial orthography for Korean of 1912. In both cases, the shadow of James Scarth Gale and the earlier missionary debate hangs heavy over the policy recommendations of the Korean reformers.

TRADITIONAL KOREAN FAIRY TALES AND CONTEMPORARY KOREAN FICTION: A CASE STUDY OF “THE WOODCUTTER AND THE NYMPH”

ROSS KING 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2005 Acta Koreana Vol.8 No.2

In this paper, I examine six modern retellings of the well-known Korean folktale, “Namukkun kwa sŏnnyŏ” (The Woodcutter and the Heavenly Maiden/Nymph). The ‘parodies’ I examine are Yun Hŭnggil’s short piece titled “Sŏnnyŏ ŭi nalgaeot” or “The fairy’s winged robes;” Kim Chi-wŏn’s 1992 short story, “Namukkun kwa sŏnnyŏ;”; Sim Sangdae’s 1990 retelling, titled “Namukkun ŭi ttŭt” (The woodcutter’s wish); Sŏ Ha-jin’s 1998 short story, “Namukkun kwa sŏnnyŏ;” Yun Yŏng-su’s 1998 short story, “Hanŭl yŏja [Sky woman]; and Angela Hur’s 2000 story in English, “Dust, light and water: Or, the woodcutter and the fairy, revisited.” The approach adopted is informed by theoretical work in intertextuality and ‘parody’ from North America, Europe and Korea. In particular, it also incorporates insights from feminist literary criticism and research on fairy tale parodies in Europe and North America. The paper concludes with a discussion of salient elements from the retellings, such as seduction/rape; clothing~disrobing~nakedness; nymph as mother/nymph as alien; male-female and husband-wife sexual politics; and filial piety vs. mother dependence from a Freudian perspective.

한 미국인이 본 한국어교육

Ross King 강남대학교 인문과학연구소 2003 인문과학논집 Vol.12 No.-

The Moon Reflected in a Thousand Rivers: Literary and Linguistic Problems in Worinch'on'gang chi kok

( Ross King ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2018 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.18 No.1

Despite its importance as one of the very first literary works written using the newly invented Korean script in mid-15th century Choson, the Worinch'on'gang chi kok 月印千江之曲 (Songs of the moon reflected in a thousand rivers; henceforth, Wol kok) has been little studied or appreciated, especially in English. This paper surveys the scholarly literature to date on both literary and linguistic problems in the Wol kok and suggests that the relative paucity of literary research on this work as compared to studies of a linguistic nature is due to the general difficulty of understanding the text without a detailed knowledge of both Middle Korean and Buddhism (and especially the biography of the Buddha). After outlining some of the debates about the authorship, original language, and relative chronology of the Wol kok vis-a-vis the Yongbioch'on ka and the Sokpo sangjol, the bulk of the paper focuses on one pesky grammatical issue in Middle Korean (defined here as the language of the 15th and 16th centuries) as exemplified in the Wol kok: the alternation of -·ke-/-·Ge- vs. -·e- in certain verb endings. I propose a new approach to transitivity in Middle Korean based on Hopper and Thompson's (1980) notion of "discourse transitivity" and show how a treatment of -·ke-/-·Ge- as "Low Transitive" and -·e- as "High Transitive" improves on earlier analyses of this alternation and also helps our understanding (and translations) of the Wol kok.

Western Protestant Missionaries and the Origins of Korean Language Modernization

Ross King 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2004 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.11 No.3

  In this paper, I challenge the idea prevalent among Korean scholars of the history of Korean linguistics and language reforms that Western missionaries" linguistic research from the 1880s to 1910 had no tangible or lasting effect on the work of Korean scholars and language reforms. In particular, I examine the "missionary spelling debate of 1902-1906" and its relationship to Korea"s first official attempts at orthographic reform and language modernization: the Kungmun Y?n"guso(National Script Research Institute, 1907-1909) and the first official Japanese colonial orthography for Korean of 1912. In both cases, the shadow of James Scarth Gale and the earlier missionary debate hangs heavy over the policy recommendations of the Korean reformers.

THE KUGYŎL GLOSSES IN THE ASAMI COLLECTION COPY OF THE CH’ŎLLO KŬMGANG KYŎNG 川老金剛經

ROSS KING 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2013 Acta Koreana Vol.16 No.1

This paper analyzes the kugyŏl 口訣 glosses in the Asami Collection copy of the Ch’ŏllo Kŭmgang kyŏng 川老金剛經 owned by the University of California-Berkeley. Though the text itself was printed in 1387 at the end of Koryŏ, making it the oldest glossed Korean text available in North America, the analysis shows that the vast majority of the glosses were copied over from the 1464 Kŭmgang kyŏng ŏnhae 金剛經諺解 and the 1482 Kŭmgang kyŏng samgahae 金剛經三家解. However, the glosses also include a few archaisms, show interesting hybrid glosses that combine abbreviated Chinese character kugyŏl graphs and Hunmin chŏng’ŭm glosses, and include instances of ‘final sound suffixation’ (marŭm ch’ŏmgi 末音添 記)-type glossing and other vernacular script annotations in the lefthand margin that raise interesting questions about the transition from high Koryŏ ‘interpretive’ glossing (釋讀口訣 sŏktok kugyŏl) to Chosŏn ‘sequential’ glossing (順讀口訣 sundok kugyŏl) and the role of the new Korean vernacular script as an extension of kugyŏl glossing practice. In other words, it would appear that after the demise of the older ‘interpretive’ glossing at the end of Koryŏ that used both sides of the line in an integrated process, the lefthand side of the line was more or less abandoned for many decades with the advent of the newer ‘sequential’ glossing that used only the righthand side of the line. However, with the invention of the vernacular script in 1446, a new use was found for the lefthand side of the line: vernacular glosses that complemented the newer-style 順讀口訣 sundok kugyŏl glosses on the righthand side of the line and partially reprised the role of the now-defunct ‘interpretive’ glossing in a new, ‘two-dimensional’ glossing practice.

Pre-Imjin Kugyŏl Sources in North American Library Collections

Ross King 구결학회 2010 구결연구 Vol.25 No.-

본 논문은 해외에 소장된 한국 고서 중 구결기호가 기입된 것을 소개하여 구결연구자료에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 지리적으로 북미의 주요 학술도서관 소장자료를, 시기적으로 훈민정음 창제와 반포 이후의 자료 중 16세기 말에 일어난 두 차례의 왜란 이전의 자료를 중심으로 조사하였다. 조사의 상한선을 고려시대로 정하여 고려구결자료까지 포함시키려 하였으나, 아쉽게도 북미소장 구결자료들 중 고려자료는 찾지 못했다. 본 연구자가 방문한 도서관은 남가주 클레어몬트대 특별자료 도서관의 프레데릭 맥코믹 한국장서, 프린스턴대 도서관, 뉴욕공립도서관, 예일대의 바이니키 귀중본 및 필사본 도서관, 미국립문서기록보관소, 미국의회도서관, 버클리대학의 C. V. 스타 동아시아도서관 아사미문고, 하버드대 연경도서관, 시카고대 도서관, 하와이대 해밀턴 도서관, 콜롬비아대 C. V. 스타 동아시아 도서관이다. 각각의 도서관에 모두 한국고서가 소장되어 있으나, 그 중 구결자료가 소장된 곳은 네 곳으로, 미국의회도서관, 하버드대 연경도서관, 아사미 문고, 그리고 콜롬비아의 C. V. 스타 동아시아 도서관이다. This paper is a preliminary attempt to fill a double gap in current research on Korean kugy?l glosses and the texts that carry them. First is its geographic focus on materials located in major North American research libraries. Second is its focus on kugy?l materials post-dating the invention and promulgation of the hunmin chong' m in the mid-15th century, and especially those kugy?l materials thought to have originated before the Hideyoshi invasions of 1592-1598, this period at the end of the 16th century being the widely accepted rule of thumb cut-off point between 'Late Middle Korean' and 'Early Modern Korean'. I would gladly have extended the focus of the paper into the Kory? period and Kory?-era kugy?l materials in North American collections, but unfortunately, no such materials appear to exist. The library collections either consulted or visited as part of this research project are many: the Frederick McCormick Korean Collection held by Special Collections of the Libraries of The Claremont Colleges in southern California (see Boltz 1985); Princeton University Library; the New York Public Library; the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University; the US National Archives; the US Library of Congress; the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at the University of California-Berkeley; the Harvard-Yenching Library at Harvard University; the University of Chicago Library; the Hamilton Library at the University of Hawaii-Manoa; and the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University. While all of these libraries contain in their holdings some old (Chos?n) Korean editions, only four proved to have any pre-Imjin editions with kugy?l annotations: (1) the US Library of Congress, (2) the Harvard-Yenching Library, (3) the Asami Collection at the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at the University of California-Berkeley, and the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University. This paper introduces these materials in order, and points out possible directions for continued research on kugy?l materials held in North America.

Blagoslovennoe: Korean Village on the Amur, 1871-1937

Ross King The Academy of Korean Studies 2001 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.4 No.2

CONTENTS : ARTICLES ; Ditching "Diglossia": Describing Ecologies of the Spoken and Inscribed in Pre-modern Korea

( Ross King ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2015 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1

This paper critiques previous research about the relationship between speech and writing in East Asia in general, and in Korea in particular, with a view to two questions of terminology: how to refer to the complex ecology of spoken and written language in pre-20th century Korea, and how to refer to the broader East Asian cultural formation of which Korea was a part. Following the seminal work of Sheldon Pollock on the ‘Sanskrit Cosmopolis,’ the author proposes the term ‘Sinographic Cosmopolis’ for the regions of East Asia that used Literary Sinitic and sinographs, and presents arguments suggesting that the term ‘diglossia’ has little or no utility in discussing ecologies of speech and writing, whether in pre-modern Korea or in the broader Sinographic Cosmopolis.