Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Current Status and Future Directions

Robert J. Huang,Alyssa Y. Choi,Camtu D. Truong,Matthew M. Yeh,Joo Ha Hwang 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.6

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a known premalignant condition of the human stomach along the pathway to gastric cancer (GC). Histologically, GIM represents the replacement of normal gastric mucosa by mucin-secreting intestinal mucosa. Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common etiologic agent of GIM development worldwide. The prevalence of GIM is heterogeneous among different regions of the world and correlates with the population endemicity of H. pylori carriage, among other environmental factors. GC remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. GIM is usually diagnosed by upper endoscopy with biopsy, and histologic scoring systems have been developed to riskstratify patients at highest risk for progression to GC. Several recent endoscopic imaging modalities may improve the optical detection of GIM and early GC. Appropriate surveillance of GIM may be cost effective and represents an opportunity for the early diagnosis and therapy of GC. Certain East Asian nations have established population-level programs for the screening and surveillance of GIM; guidelines regarding GIM surveillance have also recently been published in Europe. By contrast, few data exist regarding the appropriateness of surveillance of GIM in the United States. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of GIM with an emphasis on the role of appropriate endoscopic surveillance.

Metabolomics: A Novel Approach to Early and Noninvasive Prostate Cancer Detection

Matthew J. Roberts,Horst J. Schirra,Martin F. Lavin,Robert A. Gardiner 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.2

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed visceral cancer in men and is responsible for the second highest cancer-related male mortality rate in Western countries, with increasing rates being reported in Korea, Japan, and China. Considering the low sensitivity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, it is widely agreed that reliable, age-independent markers of the presence, nature, and progression of PCa are required to facilitate diagnosis and timely treatment. Metabolomics or metabonomics has recently emerged as a novel method of PCa detection owing to its ability to monitor changes in the metabolic signature, within biofluids or tissue, that reflect changes in phenotype and function. This review outlines the physiology of prostate tissue and prostatic fluid in health and in malignancy in relation to metabolomics as well as the principles underlying the methods of metabolomic quantification. Promising metabolites, metabolic profiles, and their correlation with the presence and stage of PCa are summarized. Application of metabolomics to biofluids and in vivo quantification as well as the direction of current research in supplementing and improving current methods of detection are discussed. The current debate in the urology literature on sarcosine as a potential biomarker for PCa is reviewed and discussed. Metabolomics promises to be a valuable tool in the early detection of PCa that may enable earlier treatment and improved clinical outcomes.

국외논문정보 - 미국 소방관들의 사망률 및 암 발생률에 대한 코호트 연구(San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia, 1950-2009)

Daniels, Robert D,Kubale, Travis L,Yiin, James H,Dahm, Matthew M,Hales, Thomas R,Baris, Dalsu,Zahm, Shelia H,Beaumont, James J,Waters, Kathleen M,Pinkerton, Lynne E 대한산업보건협회 2016 산업보건 Vol.342 No.-

Lupus and Perioperative Complications in Elective Primary Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

Keith T Aziz,Matthew J Best,Richard L Skolasky,Karthik E Ponnusamy,Robert S Sterling,Harpal S Khanuja 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.1

Background: The number of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (herein, lupus) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing. There is disagreement about the effect of lupus on perioperative complication rates. We hypothesized that lupus would be associated with higher complication rates in patients who undergo elective primary THA or TKA. Methods: Records of more than 6.2 million patients from the National Inpatient Sample who underwent elective primary THA or TKA from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. Patients with lupus (n = 38,644) were compared with those without lupus (n = 6,173,826). Major complications were death, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, and acute renal failure. Minor complications were wound infection, seroma, deep vein thrombosis, hip dislocation, wound dehiscence, and hematoma. Patient age, sex, duration of hospital stay, and number of Elixhauser comorbidities were assessed for both groups. Multivariate logistic regression models using comorbidities, age, and sex as covariates were used to assess the association of lupus with major and minor perioperative complications. The alpha level was set to 0.001. Results: Among patients who underwent THA, those with lupus were younger (mean age, 56 vs. 65 years), were more likely to be women (87% vs. 56%), had longer hospital stays (mean, 4.0 vs. 3.8 days), and had more comorbidities (mean, 2.5 vs. 1.4) than those without lupus (all p < 0.001). In patients with THA, lupus was independently associated with major complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.7) and minor complications (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.5). Similarly, among patients who underwent TKA, those with lupus were younger (mean, 62 vs. 67 years), were more likely to be women (93% vs. 64%), had longer hospital stays (mean, 3.8 vs. 3.7 days), and had more comorbidities (mean, 2.8 vs. 1.7) than those without lupus (all p < 0.001). However, in TKA patients, lupus was not associated with greater odds of major complications (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.4) or minor complications (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.3). Conclusions: Lupus is an independent risk factor for major and minor perioperative complications in elective primary THA but not TKA.

The Association of Delirium with Perioperative Complications in Primary Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty

Keith T Aziz,Matthew J Best,Zan Naseer,Richard L Skolasky,Karthik E Ponnusamy,Robert S Sterling,Harpal S Khanuja 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.3

Background: Our goal was to determine whether postoperative delirium is associated with inpatient complication rates after primary elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, we analyzed records of patients who underwent primary elective THA from 2000 through 2009 to identify patients with delirium (n = 13,551) and without delirium (n = 1,992,971) and to assess major perioperative complications (acute renal failure, death, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and stroke) and minor perioperative complications (deep vein thrombosis, dislocation, general procedural complication, hematoma, seroma, and wound infection). Patient age, sex, length of hospital stay, and number of comorbidities were assessed. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the association of delirium with complication rates (significance, p < 0.01). Results: Patients with delirium were older (mean, 75 ± 0.2 vs. 65 ± 0.1 years), were more likely to be male (56% vs. 52%), had longer hospital stays (mean, 5.7 ± 0.07 vs. 3.8 ± 0.02 days), and had more comorbidities (mean, 2.8 ± 0.03 vs. 1.4 ± 0.01) (all p < 0.001) versus patients without delirium. Patients with delirium were more likely to have major (11% vs. 3%) and minor (17% vs. 7%) perioperative complications versus patients without delirium (both p < 0.001). When controlling for age, sex, and number of comorbidities, delirium was independently associated with major and minor complications (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 2.3). Conclusions: Delirium is an independent risk factor for major and minor perioperative complications after primary elective THA.

Investigation of the depolarisation transition in Bi-based relaxor ferroelectrics

Woodward, David I.,Dittmer, Robert,Jo, Wook,Walker, David,Keeble, Dean S.,Dale, Matthew W.,Rö,del, Jü,rgen,Thomas, Pam A. American Institute of Physics 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.115 No.11

Nighttime Chemical Transformation in Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft Observations

Decker, Zachary C. J.,Zarzana, Kyle J.,Coggon, Matthew,Min, Kyung-Eun,Pollack, Ilana,Ryerson, Thomas B.,Peischl, Jeff,Edwards, Pete,Dubé,, William P.,Markovic, Milos Z.,Roberts, James M.,Veres, American Chemical Society 2019 Environmental science & technology Vol.53 No.5

<P>Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of reactive compounds in the atmosphere. While the daytime photochemistry of BB emissions has been studied in some detail, there has been little focus on nighttime reactions despite the potential for substantial oxidative and heterogeneous chemistry. Here, we present the first analysis of nighttime aircraft intercepts of agricultural BB plumes using observations from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. We use these observations in conjunction with detailed chemical box modeling to investigate the formation and fate of oxidants (NO<SUB>3</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>, O<SUB>3</SUB>, and OH) and BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs), using emissions representative of agricultural burns (rice straw) and western wildfires (ponderosa pine). Field observations suggest NO<SUB>3</SUB> production was approximately 1 ppbv hr<SUP>-1</SUP>, while NO<SUB>3</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> were at or below 3 pptv, indicating rapid NO<SUB>3</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> reactivity. Model analysis shows that >99% of NO<SUB>3</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> loss is due to BBVOC + NO<SUB>3</SUB> reactions rather than aerosol uptake of N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>. Nighttime BBVOC oxidation for rice straw and ponderosa pine fires is dominated by NO<SUB>3</SUB> (72, 53%, respectively) but O<SUB>3</SUB> oxidation is significant (25, 43%), leading to roughly 55% overnight depletion of the most reactive BBVOCs and NO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICES MARKETING: THE PAST, THE PRESENT, AND THE FUTURE

Nilay Bı?akcıo?lu Peynirci,Yiannis Kouropalatis,Robert E. Morgan,Matthew J. Robson 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

A bibliometric analysis, spanning five decades of knowledge is employed with the aim of: (i) assessing core intellectual knowledge of international services research; (ii) examining the contribution of international services marketing to broader research disciplines; and, (iii) estimating forecasting trends for the most promising international services research directions.

Orthogonal lipid sensors identify transbilayer asymmetry of plasma membrane cholesterol

Liu, Shu-Lin,Sheng, Ren,Jung, Jae Hun,Wang, Li,Stec, Ewa,O'Connor, Matthew J,Song, Seohyoen,Bikkavilli, Rama Kamesh,Winn, Robert A,Lee, Daesung,Baek, Kwanghee,Ueda, Kazumitsu,Levitan, Irena,Kim, Kwang NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2017 NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Vol. No.

<P>Controlled distribution of lipids across various cell membranes is crucial for cell homeostasis and regulation. We developed an imaging method that allows simultaneous in situ quantification of cholesterol in two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM) using tunable orthogonal cholesterol sensors. Our imaging revealed marked transbilayer asymmetry of PM cholesterol (TAPMC) in various mammalian cells, with the concentration in the inner leaflet (IPM) being -12-fold lower than that in the outer leaflet (OPM). The asymmetry was maintained by active transport of cholesterol from IPM to OPM and its chemical retention at OPM. Furthermore, the increase in the IPM cholesterol level was triggered in a stimulus-specific manner, allowing cholesterol to serve as a signaling lipid. We found excellent correlation between the IPM cholesterol level and cellular Wnt signaling activity, suggesting that TAPMC and stimulus-induced PM cholesterol redistribution are crucial for tight regulation of cellular processes under physiological conditions.</P>

A National Analysis of Temporal Changes in Prescribing of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Considering Methods of Delivery and Government Regulation

Morton Andrew,Williams Michael,Perera Marlon,Ranasinghe Sachinka,Teloken Patrick E.,Williams Marissa,Chung Eric,Roberts Matthew J. 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly used for various causes of androgen deficiency and subsidized by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia when appropriate. In response to a sharp increase in the prescribing of subsidized TRT, the Australian government instituted new, stricter prescription criteria in April 2015. We aim to demonstrate longitudinal changes in the prescription patterns of subsidized TRT over time. Materials and Methods: The publicly available PBS database was accessed for TRT prescription data between 1992–2018. Population estimate data was collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics for population-adjustment. Data analysis was performed according to class and specific formulation of TRT. Total and population-adjusted trends were considered, as was indexation to 2015 when restrictions were implemented. Results: Longitudinal trends in subsidized TRT prescription demonstrated a progressive overall increase since 2000, according to total prescriptions and population-adjusted estimates, with greater use of topical formulations (gel, patch, cream/spray) and injections. Since 2015, a 37% decline in total population-adjusted prescriptions was observed (1,399–883 per 100,000 persons). Since 2015, relatively increased use of injections (50%) and 1% gel (30%) comprise the majority of contemporary TRT. Annual financial burden due to TRT was $AU16,768 per 100,000 persons prior to 2000 (mean cost 1992–2000), increasing to $AU112,539 in 2018 (due to use of injections). The rate of change in costs slowed after the restrictions were introduced in 2015. Conclusions: The restrictions in subsidized TRT eligibility enforced by the PBS have reduced overall TRT prescriptions and slowed the cumulative financial burden.