Turbulent Transport Measurements with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter

Edwards,Robert V,Angus,John C 한국화학공학회 1973 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.11 No.1

Organocatalytic Synthesis of Quinine-Functionalized Poly(carbonate)s

Edward, Justin A.,Kiesewetter, Matthew K.,Kim, Hyunuk,Flanagan, James C.A.,Hedrick, James L.,Waymouth, Robert M. American Chemical Society 2012 Biomacromolecules Vol.13 No.8

<P>The ring-opening polymerization of substituted cyclic carbonates with 1-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-cyclohexyl-thiourea (TU)/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) organocatalysts afford highly functionalized oligocarbonates. The fluorescent alkaloid quinine can be readily incorporated into the oligocarbonates either by initiation from quinine or by ring-opening polymerization of a quinine-functionalized cyclic carbonate (MTC-Q). Copolymerization of MTC-Q with a boc-protected guanidinium cyclic carbonate affords, after deprotection, highly water-soluble cationic copolymers functionalized with both quinine and pendant guanidinium groups. When multiple quinine groups are attached to the oligomers, they exhibit minimal fluorescence due to self-quenching. Upon hydrolysis, the fluorescence intensity increases, providing a potential strategy for monitoring the hydrolysis rates in real time.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2012/bomaf6.2012.13.issue-8/bm300718b/production/images/medium/bm-2012-00718b_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm300718b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

An Integrated Analysis of the Efficacy of Glecaparevir/ Pibrentasvir by Geographical Region

( Edward Gane ),( Kazuaki Chayama ),( Mudra Kapoor ),( Stuart K Roberts ),( Jeong Heo ),( Jia-horng Kao ),( Thomas Berg ),( Philippe J Zamor ),( Brian Conway ),( James Park ),( Sandra S Lovell ),( Rak 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen glecaprevir (developed by AbbVie and Enanta) coformulated with pibrentasvir (G/P) is approved in the US, EU, and Japan to treat chronic HCV genotype (GT) 1-6 infection. In the US and EU, G/P is indicated for treatment-naïve, HCV genotype (GT) 1-6-infected patients without and with compensated cirrhosis for 8-week and 12-week treatment durations, respectively, and achieved SVR12 rates ≥95% across all six major GTs. In clinical studies, G/P exposures were similar across ethnicities; an integrated analysis of the efficacy of G/P by geographical region was conducted to assess the impact of geography and ethnicity on SVR12. Methods: Data were pooled from 9 phase 2 and 3 clinical studies; data from 2 additional phase 3 clinical studies conducted in Japan were pooled separately. Patients had HCV GT1-6 infection with or without compensated cirrhosis and were either HCV treatment-naïve or experienced with interferon (IFN) or pegIFN with or without ribavirin (RBV), sofosbuvir and RBV with or without pegIFN, or NS5A- and/or protease inhibitor-containing regimens. G/P (300 mg/120 mg) was orally dosed once-daily for 8, 12, or 16 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint in all studies was SVR12. Safety and tolerability were assessed in all patients. Data from all 11 studies will be pooled for presentation. Results: In total, 2369 patients were included in the integrated analysis: 964 (41%) were enrolled in North America, 891 (38%) in Europe, and 514 (22%) enrolled and pooled from Taiwan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Israel, and South Africa; 332 additional patients were enrolled in Japan. The SVR12 results by region were 97% (935/964; 95% CI 95.9-98.1), 98% (876/891; 95% CI 97.5-99.1), and 96% (496/514; 95% CI 94.9-98.1) for patients enrolled in North America, Europe, and the other pooled countries, respectively. Patients enrolled in Japan achieved a 98% (325/332; 95% CI 95.7-99.0) SVR12 rate. Less than 1% of all patients had virologic failure. G/P was well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile; treatment discontinuations due to adverse events and cases of drug-induced liver injury were rare (<1%). Conclusions: G/P efficacy, safety and tolerability were consistently favorable regardless of baseline characteristics, suggesting that recently updated HCV treatment guidelines for the use of G/P in clinical practice can be applied to all ethnicities and geographical regions, without need for modification.

An ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter technique does not impair ambulatory ability within a clinical pathway for total hip arthroplasty

Edward R. Mariano,Seshadri C. Mudumbai,T. Edward Kim,Steven K. Howard,Nicholas J. Giori,Steven Woolson,Toni Ganaway,Alex Kou,Robert King 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.4

Background: Both neuraxial and peripheral regional analgesic techniques offer postoperative analgesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. While no single technique is preferred, quadriceps muscle weakness from peripheral nerve blocks may impede rehabilitation. We designed this study to compare postoperative ambulation outcome in THA patients who were treated with a new ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter (FIC) technique or intrathecal morphine (ITM). Methods: We reviewed the electronic health records of a sequential series of primary unilateral THA patients who were part of a standardized clinical pathway; apart from differences in regional analgesic technique, all other aspects of the pathway were the same. Our primary outcome was total ambulation distance (meters) combined for postoperative days 1 and 2. Secondary outcomes included daily opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents) and analgesic-related side effects. We examined the association between the primary outcome and analgesic technique by performing crude and adjusted ordinary least-squares linear regression. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically-significant. Results: The study analyzed the records of 179 patients (fascia iliaca, n = 106; intrathecal, n = 73). The primary outcome (total ambulation distance) did not differ between the groups (P = 0.08). Body mass index (BMI) was the only factor (β = −1.7 [95% CI −0.5 to −2.9], P < 0.01) associated with ambulation distance. Opioid consumption did not differ, while increased pruritus was seen in the intrathecal group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: BMI affects postoperative ambulation outcome after hip arthroplasty, whereas the type of regional analgesic technique used does not. An ultrasound-guided FIC technique offers similar analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with ITM.

Readout of Higher-Level Processing in the Discharge of Superior Colliculus Neurons

KELLER, EDWARD L.,LEE, KYOUNG-MIN,MCPEEK, ROBERT M. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2005 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1039 No.1

<P>The discharge of neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) was studied while monkeys performed two visual discrimination tasks that required different amounts of cognitive processing. In a search paradigm the animal's task was to saccade to the location of an odd-colored stimulus located in an array of distractors of uniform color (pop-out visual search). The visual stimuli remained on the screen as the discrimination process distinguished target from distractors. In a choice response task the color of a central cue signaled which stimulus from a previously presented array of colored stimuli was to be the target of a saccade. The stimulus array was turned off well before the central cue was presented. Most neurons showed activity aligned on both the visual input and the motor response in single-target tasks. Many of these same neurons showed additional discharge that was correlated with the required higher-level decision processes in both of these more natural visual tasks. In the case of pop-out search the SC has been shown to be functionally involved in the decision processes. The cue-aligned activity in SC in the choice response task is surprising because no transient visual stimulus appeared in the response field of the neuron.</P>

Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection in Ambulatory Women

Latham, Robert H.,Wong, Edward S.,Larson, Ann,Coyle, Marie,Stamm, Walter E. MediMedia Korea 1986 JAMA-Korea Vol.1 No.5

Genial tubercle position and genioglossus advancement in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment: a systematic review

Chang, Edward T.,Kwon, Yong-Dae,Jung, Junho,Capasso, Robson,Riley, Robert,Liu, Stanley C.,Camacho, Macario Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2019 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.41 No.-

Background: To systematically review the literature for methods to localize the genial tubercle as a means for performing an advancement of the genioglossus muscle. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, CRISP, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception through June 16, 2015. Results: One hundred fifty-two articles were screened, and the full text versions of 12 articles were reviewed in their entirety and 7 publications reporting their methodology for localizing the genial tubercle. Based upon these measurements and the results published from radiographic imaging and cadaveric dissections of all the papers included in this study, we identified the genial tubercle as being positioned within the mandible at a point 10 mm from the incisor apex and 10 mm from the lower mandibular border. Conclusion: Based upon the results of this review, the genial tubercles were positioned within the mandible at a point 10 mm from the incisor apex and 10 mm from the lower mandible border. It may serve as an additional reference for localizing the genial tubercle and the attachment of the genioglossus muscle to the mandible, although the preoperative radiological evaluation and the palpation of the GT are recommended to accurately isolate.

The Safety and Tolerability of SOF/VEL/VOX for 8/12 Weeks in >1,000 Patients Treated in the POLARIS Studies: An Integrated Analysis

( Michael Manns ),( Edward J. Gane ),( Bernard E. Willems ),( Stuart K. Roberts ),( Steven Flamm ),( Marc Bourlière ),( Tarik Asselah ),( Laurent Alric ),( Sunjin Hwang ),( Robert H. Hyland ),( Luisa 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The once-daily fixed-dose combination tablet of sofosbuvir/ velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) was evaluated for the treatment of genotype 1-6 HCV patients with and without compensated cirrhosis. Treatment was for 12 weeks for DAA-experienced patients (POLARIS-1 and POLARIS-4) and for 8 weeks for DAA-naive patients (POLARIS-2 and POLARIS-3). This analysis describes the safety of these 4 Phase 3 studies. Methods: Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities were assessed in patients who received SOF/VEL/VOX or placebo for 12 weeks(POLARIS-1), SOF/VEL/VOX or SOF/VEL for 12 weeks(POLARIS-4), or SOF/VEL/VOX for 8 weeks or SOF/VEL for 12 weeks(POLARIS-2 and POLARIS-3). SAEs and deaths were followed until post-treatment Week 24. Results: 1056 patients were treated with SOF/VEL/VOX for 8 (n=611) or 12 (n=445) weeks, 700 received SOF/VEL for 12 weeks, and 152 received placebo. 38% had compensated cirrhosis, 28% had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 36% were female, and 12% were ≥65 years old. Two deaths were reported, one illicit drug overdose and one attributed to hypertension, neither were related to treatment. SAEs and discontinuations were more frequent in the placebo group and occurred with similar frequency in the other groups; none were related to study treatment. Headache, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea were the most common AEs. Mild diarrhea and nausea occurred more frequently in the SOF/VEL/VOX groups. Overall, 5.1 - 6.6% of patients who received SOF/VEL/VOX or SOF/VEL had Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities. Among patients receiving VOX, one patient each had a Grade 3 elevation in ALT and bilirubin. Conclusions: SOF/VEL/VOX for 8 or 12 weeks in the POLARIS studies was well tolerated with a low frequency of Grade 3 or 4 AEs, SAEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation. The frequency of AEs in the SOF/VEL/VOX groups was similar to SOF/VEL and placebo groups, with higher rates of mild diarrhea and nausea compared to SOF/VEL.

No difference in factual or conceptual recall comprehension for tablet, laptop, and handwritten note-taking by medical students in the United States: a survey-based observational study

Warren Wiechmann,Robert Edwards,Cheyenne Low,Alisa Wray,Megan Boysen-Osborn,Shannon Toohey 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2022 보건의료교육평가 Vol.19 No.-

Purpose: Technological advances are changing how students approach learning. The traditional note-taking methods of longhandwriting have been supplemented and replaced by tablets, smartphones, and laptop note-taking. It has been theorized that writing notesby hand requires more complex cognitive processes and may lead to better retention. However, few studies have investigated the use oftablet-based note-taking, which allows the incorporation of typing, drawing, highlights, and media. We therefore sought to confirm thehypothesis that tablet-based note-taking would lead to equivalent or better recall as compared to written note-taking. Methods: We allocated 68 students into longhand, laptop, or tablet note-taking groups, and they watched and took notes on a presentation on which they were assessed for factual and conceptual recall. A second short distractor video was shown, followed by a 30-minuteassessment at the University of California, Irvine campus, over a single day period in August 2018. Notes were analyzed for content,supplemental drawings, and other media sources. Results: No significant difference was found in the factual or conceptual recall scores for tablet, laptop, and handwritten note-taking(P=0.61). The median word count was 131.5 for tablets, 121.0 for handwriting, and 297.0 for laptops (P=0.01). The tablet group hadthe highest presence of drawing, highlighting, and other media/tools. Conclusion: In light of conflicting research regarding the best note-taking method, our study showed that longhand note-taking is notsuperior to tablet or laptop note-taking. This suggests students should be encouraged to pick the note-taking method that appeals mostto them. In the future, traditional note-taking may be replaced or supplemented with digital technologies that provide similar efficacywith more convenience

ASSOCIATION OF AN ISOMERIC SPECIES OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN WITH NEOPLASIA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

( Thomas S. Edgington ),( Robert W. Astarita ),( Edward F. Plow ) 국군의무사령부 1975 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.6 No.2