Soil Microbial Communities and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Corn-Based Biofuel Cropping System

Deanna Nemeth,Claudia Wagner-Riddle,Kari Dunfield 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Methane Emission Patterns from Stored Liquid Swine Manure

Park, Kyu-Hyun,Wagner-Riddle, Claudia Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.9

With the increase of human activities since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration has increased, which is believed the cause of climate change. Methane ($CH_4$) fluxes were measured at two commercial swine barns (Jarvis and Guelph) with a four tower micrometeorological mass balance method. Two and three separate measurements were conducted at Jarvis and at Guelph, respectively. In the Jarvis experiments from May to July, mean $CH_4$ flux ($490.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was lower than that during nighttime ($678.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be caused by break of slurry temperature stratification. In the Guelph experiment from January to April, mean $CH_4$ flux ($62.9{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was higher than that during nighttime ($39.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be generated by high slurry temperature at 3 cm depth after April 6. Slurry temperature stratification in the Guelph experiment would happen from January to March.

Factors Affecting and Techniques to Quantify $CH_4\;and\;N_2O$ Emissions from Stored Liquid Manure

Park, K.H.,Wagner-Riddle, Claudia The Korean Society of Animal Environmental Science 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Stored animal manure is considered as a significant agricultural source of methane $(CH_4)$ and nitrous oxide $(N_2O)$ which have 23 and 297 times higher global warming effect when compared to carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$. Uncertainties caused by lack of understanding physical and biochemical environment in stored animal manure and by errors of emission measurement methods, even though many researches measuring $CH_4\;and\;N_2O$ emissions from stored manure have been conducted for a few decades. In this paper, general information of $CH_4\;and\;N_2O$ generation and emissions from stored animal manure and the measurement methods for quantifying $CH_4\;and\;N_2O$ emissions are discussed.

Regulation of Osteoblast Metabolism by Wnt Signaling

Megan C. Moorer,Ryan C. Riddle 대한내분비학회 2018 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.33 No.3

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the achievement of peak bone mass, affecting the commitment of mesenchymal progenitorsto the osteoblast lineage and the anabolic capacity of osteoblasts depositing bone matrix. Recent studies suggest that thisevolutionarily-conserved, developmental pathway exerts its anabolic effects in part by coordinating osteoblast activity with intermediarymetabolism. These findings are compatible with the cloning of the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein related receptor-5(LRP5) Wnt co-receptor from a diabetes-susceptibility locus and the now well-established linkage between Wnt signaling and metabolism. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of Wnt signaling in whole-body metabolism and review the literature regardingthe impact of Wnt signaling on the osteoblast’s utilization of three different energy sources: fatty acids, glucose, and glutamine. Special attention is devoted to the net effect of nutrient utilization and the mode of regulation by Wnt signaling. Mechanisticstudies indicate that the utilization of each substrate is governed by a unique mechanism of control with β-catenin-dependent signalingregulating fatty acid β-oxidation, while glucose and glutamine utilization are β-catenin-independent and downstream of mammaliantarget of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, respectively. The emergence of these data has provided a new context for the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling influences bone development.

The Phenomenology of Quitting : Effects from Repetition and Cognitive Effort

Margaret T. Lynn,Travis A. Riddle,Ezequiel Morsella 한국인지과학회 2012 인지과학 Vol.23 No.1

우리는 단조로운 과제를 할 때 종종 그만두고 싶은 충동을 느낀다. 이러한 중단 충동은 그 일을 얼마나 오래동안 해 왔는지 (시간적 요인) 또는 수행하는 과제의 특정요소(사건 기반 요인)에 따라 달라진다. 이 연구에서는 스트룹 과제와 작업기억 과제를 사용하여 시간적 요인(반복)과 사건 기반요인(인지적 충돌)의 함수로서의 중단 충동의 변화를 살펴보았다. 최소작업의 법칙을 비롯한 최신 이론과 마찬가지로 기억과제에서 충단 충동은 어려운 시행 다음에 더욱 큰 것으로 나타난 반면, 스트룹 과 제에서는 반응이 비효율적인 시기인 수행의 초기(초심자) 단계에서만 일치 시행보다 불일치 시행 다음에 중단 충동이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인지적 갈등에 대한 회피반응임을 입증하는 결과이다. 시간적 측면에서 보면 중단 충동은 초기 단계보다 후기 단계에서 더 컸다. 이러한 연구 결과는 만족 지연에 관여하는 비교적 강렬한 동기적 노력의 본질을 명확하게 설명하고 있다. When performing a monotonous task, one often experiences an urge to quit. This urge may vary depending on how long one has performed the task (a temporal factor) and on. which particular component of task one is carrying out (an event-based factor). Using the Stroop task and a working memory task, we examined change in the urge to quit as a function of basic temporal (repetition) and event-based (cognitive conflict) factors. Consistent with the law of least work and recent theorizing, for the memory task, urges to quit were greater following difficult trials; for the Stroop task, urges to quit were greater following incongruent than congruent trials, but only during early/novice phases of performance, when responding is inefficient. This is a demonstration of an avoidance response toward cognitive conflict. Regarding temporal sources of quitting, urges to quit were greater for late task stages than early stages. These basic findings may illuminate the nature of the more 'hot' motivational struggles involving the delay of gratification.

Estimating the Contribution of Acute Gastroenteritis to the Overall Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

( Eric D Shah ),( Mark S Riddle ),( Christopher Chang ),( Mark Pimentel ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.2

Background/Aims Recent studies reveal that acute gastroenteritis can precipitate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms leading to the concept of post-infectious IBS. However, the overall contribution of gastroenteritis to the total IBS prevalence is unknown. In this exercise we try to estimate the contribution of gastroenteritis in IBS using the published literature and a longitudinal approach. Methods Existing literature was reviewed to determine the incidence of IBS after gastroenteritis, the rate of remission over time, data on rates of gastroenteritis in a given population and any patterns of resistance to these effects in human populations. This produced 3 models. The first assumed all humans were susceptible to gastroenteritis and its ability to produce IBS. The second assumed (using meta-analysis data) that 90% of humans in a given outbreak would be resistant to this effect. The third model used a high gastroenteritis exposure rate as might be seen in military deployment. Results In model 1, the prevalence was unrealistically high with an eventual steady state of 43.6% of the population affected by IBS. In a very conservative approach (model 2), steady state was achieved after 10 years to an overall prevalence of 8.9%. Interestingly, based on a high 1 year exposure rate such as military deployment, the maximum prevalence (steady state) was reached before 1 year suggesting high risk. Conclusions Although hypothetical in approach, based on conservative estimates in existing literature the contribution of gastroenteritis to the overall prevalence of IBS is substantial.

Sociocultural Inappropriateness in Secondary School English Textbook Dialogues

Woo-hyun Jung,Elizabeth M. Riddle 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2015 영어교육연구 Vol.27 No.4

This study seeks to analyze EFL textbook dialogues from a sociocultural point of view to investigate whether textbook dialogues represent L2 sociocultural knowledge appropriately. For this purpose, data were collected from eighteen middle school English textbooks designed under the 2007 national curriculum in Korea. The results showed that many samples of dialogues revealed inadequate presentation of L2 sociocultural knowledge in the textbooks. There were two overall categories of sociocultural inappropriateness: socio-contextual and stylistic factors. The socio-contextual problems involved problems arising from neglect of participant variables and scanty attention to situational variables. The stylistic problems occurred when speech behaviors were impolite and even rude and when formal language was used where causal language is favored. These findings are not in keeping with the widely held claim that the choice of language should be specific to sociocultural contexts and situations where it is used. The findings also suggest that textbook dialogues do not always mirror the ways native speakers actually perform. On the basis of the results, pedagogical implications are provided, together with helpful suggestions for the improvement of sociocultural aspects of English textbooks.

MINERVA: SMALL PLANETS FROM SMALL TELESCOPES

WITTENMYER, ROBERT A.,JOHNSON, JOHN ASHER,WRIGHT, JASON,MCCRADY, NATE,SWIFT, JONATHAN,BOTTOM, MICHAEL,PLAVCHAN, PETER,RIDDLE, REED,MUIRHEAD, PHILIP S.,HERZIG, ERICH,MYLES, JUSTIN,BLAKE, CULLEN H.,EAST The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

The Kepler mission has shown that small planets are extremely common. It is likely that nearly every star in the sky hosts at least one rocky planet. We just need to look hard enough-but this requires vast amounts of telescope time. MINERVA (MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array) is a dedicated exoplanet observatory with the primary goal of discovering rocky, Earth-like planets orbiting in the habitable zone of bright, nearby stars. The MINERVA team is a collaboration among UNSW Australia, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Penn State University, University of Montana, and the California Institute of Technology. The four-telescope MINERVA array will be sited at the F.L. Whipple Observatory on Mt Hopkins in Arizona, USA. Full science operations will begin in mid-2015 with all four telescopes and a stabilised spectrograph capable of high-precision Doppler velocity measurements. We will observe ~100 of the nearest, brightest, Sun-like stars every night for at least five years. Detailed simulations of the target list and survey strategy lead us to expect $15{\pm}4$ new low-mass planets.

Whole Earth Telescope observations of the subdwarf B star KPD 1930+2752: a rich, short‐period pulsator in a close binary

Reed, M. D.,Harms, S. L.,Poindexter, S.,Zhou, A.‐,Y.,Eggen, J. R.,Morris, M. A.,Quint, A. C.,McDaniel, S.,Baran, A.,Dolez, N.,Kawaler, S. D.,Kurtz, D. W.,Moskalik, P.,Riddle, R.,Zola, S.,Østense Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.412 No.1

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>KPD 1930+2752 is a short‐period pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) star. It is also an ellipsoidal variable with a known binary period of 2.3 h. The companion is most likely a white dwarf and the total mass of the system is close to the Chandresekhar limit. In this paper, we report the results of Whole Earth Telescope (WET) photometric observations during 2003 and a smaller multisite campaign of 2002. From 355 h of WET data, we detect 68 pulsation frequencies and suggest an additional 13 frequencies within a crowded and complex temporal spectrum between 3065 and 6343 μHz (periods between 326 and 157 s). We examine pulsation properties including phase and amplitude stability in an attempt to understand the nature of the pulsation mechanism. We examine a stochastic mechanism by comparing amplitude variations with simulated stochastic data. We also use the binary nature of KPD 1930+2752 for identifying pulsation modes via multiplet structure and a tidally induced pulsation geometry. Our results indicate a complicated pulsation structure that includes short‐period (≈16 h) amplitude variability, rotationally split modes, tidally induced modes and some pulsations which are geometrically limited on the sdB star.</P>