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Relationship of Body Weight, Testes Biometry and Sperm Production in Broiler Breeder
Riaz,Aleem,Izaj 한국가금학회 2006 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.33 No.2
The objective of this study was to elucidate the basis for the difference in sperm production of broiler breeders. Nine sexually mature Hubbard broiler breeder males, 35 weeks of age, were trained for two weeks for semen collection on alternate days by abdominal massage technique. Following the training, the breeder males were collected daily for five successive days. The males were then classified as low or high sperm producers. The mean body weights of individual males were also recorded on the basis of body weight at the start and end of the experiment. Immediately after last collection the males were slaughtered and testes biometry was determined. Daily sperm output of individual males varied from 0.21×109 to 2.64×109 sperm. The daily sperm production of low sperm producer males was lower (0.47 ± 0.13 vs. 2.06 ± 0.20 × 109; P < 0.05) than high sperm producer males. Testes weight of low sperm producer males was lower (6.32 ± 1.6 vs. 20.33 ± 4.76 gm; P < 0.05) than high sperm producer males. Moreover the testis weight of high sperm producer males was 3.22 times higher than low sperm producer males. The average body weight of high sperm producer males was higher (4,389 ± 116.3 vs. 3,960 ± 131.77 gm; P > 0.05) than low sperm producer males. The correlation coefficients indicate significantly positive correlation of body weight (P < 0.05) and testes weight (P < 0.01) on semen volume, sperm concentration and daily sperm production.
A Mini-Review on Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Batteries - Electrochemistry and Cathode Materials
Riaz, Ahmer,Jung, Kyu-Nam,Lee, Jong-Won The Korean Electrochemical Society 2015 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.6 No.2
There is a great deal of current interest in the development of rechargeable batteries with high energy storage capability due to an increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) with driving ranges comparable to those of gasoline-powered vehicles. Among various types of batteries under development, a Li-O<sub>2</sub> battery delivers the highest theoretical energy density; thus, it is considered a promising energy storage technology for EV applications. Despite the fact that extensive research efforts have been made in the field of Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries in recent years, there are still many technical challenges to be addressed, such as low round-trip efficiency, poor reversibility, and poor power capability. In this article, we provide a short review on the fundamental electrochemistry of Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries with non-aqueous electrolytes and on electrode materials that have been employed in cathodes (oxygen electrodes). The major aim of this mini-review is to highlight the physical and electrochemical origins of scientific challenges facing Li-O<sub>2</sub> battery technology and to overview the strategies proposed to overcome them.
Riaz, Muhammad,Rehan, Muhammad,Hong, Keum-Shik,Ashraf, Muhammad,Rasheed, Haroon Ur Chinese Physical Society 2014 Chinese Physics B Vol.23 No.11
<P>This paper addresses the control law design for synchronization of two different chaotic oscillators with mutually Lipschitz nonlinearities. For analysis of the properties of two different nonlinearities, an advanced mutually Lipschitz condition is proposed. This mutually Lipschitz condition is more general than the traditional Lipschitz condition. Unlike the latter, it can be used for the design of a feedback controller for synchronization of chaotic oscillators of different dynamics. It is shown that any two different Lipschitz nonlinearities always satisfy the mutually Lipschitz condition. Applying the mutually Lipschitz condition, a quadratic Lyapunov function and uniformly ultimately bounded stability, easily designable and implementable robust control strategies utilizing algebraic Riccati equation and linear matrix inequalities, are derived for synchronization of two distinct chaotic oscillators. Furthermore, a novel adaptive control scheme for mutually Lipschitz chaotic systems is established by addressing the issue of adaptive cancellation of unknown mismatch between the dynamics of different chaotic systems. The proposed control technique is numerically tested for synchronization of two different chaotic Chua's circuits and for obtaining identical behavior between the modified Chua's circuit and the Rössler system.</P>
Riaz Shah,Sue P. Worner 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
The distribution of resistant individuals is determined by the amount of movement between populations. Thedifferential rate of dispersal of a susceptible and a pesticide-resistant strain could influence the resistance dynamicsunder field conditions. The dispersal rate and dispersal efficiency of the susceptible and propargiteresistantstrains of Tetranychus urticae were measured in separate-release and mixed-release experiments. Thediffusion coefficient (D) of both strains did not differ significantly (P > 0.344) and an estimate of the asymptoticrate of advance (2√rD) (for one generation) was estimated at 0.1047 and 0.0930 cm per degree day for thesusceptible and propargite-resistant strains, respectively. The dispersal efficiency of the two strains differedsignificantly (P < 0.005) as more susceptible mites than propargite-resistant mites crossed into specified zonesmore quickly after 290 and 366 degree days. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of susceptible adults,immatures and eggs were found in the outer most zone of an arena as compared to that of the propargiteresistantmites. The bioassay of the two strains showed a similar pattern of the spread of the adult females acrossthe specified zones in the mixed-release experiment. The relatively lower dispersive tendency of the propargiteresistantT. urticae and the smaller proportion of adult females exhibiting that behaviour increase the chances ofdeveloping resistant ‘hotspots’ in field specially after an acaricide application.
Riaz, Asim,Verma, Deepak,Zeb, Hassan,Lee, Jeong Hyeon,Kim, Jin Chul,Kwak, Sang Kyu,Kim, Jaehoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.20 No.21
<P>The unique physicochemical properties and high solubility of a wide range of biomass-derived feedstocks make sub- and supercritical alcohols promising media for thermochemical conversion to liquid fuels and value-added chemicals. Short-chain alcohols (C1-C3) not only hydrogenolyse a variety of recalcitrant feedstocks by donating <I>in situ</I> hydrogen, but also suppress the char formation by capping reactive intermediates. However, the beneficial features of supercritical alcohols also bring some demerits, such as their excessive decomposition and high consumption, which has been given cursory attention to date. Consequently, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of sub- and supercritical alcohols as a hydrogen donor, their self-reactivity, their reactivity with the feedstock, the extent of their conversion under catalytic and non-catalytic conditions, and the detailed pathways to byproduct formation. Based on the solvent reactivity, the optimum conditions were investigated for the solvothermal liquefaction of recalcitrant alkali lignin to give a high yield of aromatic monomers with careful emphasis on the solvent consumption. The addition of formic acid instead of the more commonly used hydrodeoxygenation catalysts (<I>e.g.</I>, CoMo/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3) can not only suppress ethanol consumption significantly (from 42.3-46.8 wt% to 7 wt%), but can also result in complete lignin conversion by providing an excess amount of active hydrogen. The reaction at 350 °C for a short duration of 60 min led to the complete decomposition of alkali lignin and afforded a high yield of aromatic derivatives (36.7 wt%), while at the same time, suppressing ethanol consumption (11.8 wt%) and the formation of ethanol-derived liquid products. The alkylation of lignin-derived phenolic intermediates at the expense of the solvent is a time-dependent reaction, instead of the primary stabilization reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations using dilignol molecules revealed that the ethanol-formic acid mixture reduced the activation and thermal energies required for the dissociation of C-C and C-O bonds in the lignin structure.</P>
Projected Predictive Energy-Bounding Approach for Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Haptic Teleoperation
Riaz Uddin,박상수,박성준,류제하 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2016 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.14 No.6
This paper presents a geometrically and dynamically transparent projected predictive Energy-BoundingApproach (EBA) for multiple degree-of-freedom (m-DOF) haptic teleoperation with time delays. The straightforwardextension of a single-DOF teleoperation to m-DOF teleoperation suffers from a bad force distortion problemthat becomes worse with the increase in communication time delays between master and slave sites. Due to this,geometry perception of remote m-DOF objects at master site is severely deteriorated. To solve this problem, aprojected predictive m-DOF EBA is proposed by combining the m-DOF Predictive EBA and the projection methodthat can compensate the force distortion problem. The proposed approach also includes steps to get stably theinformation about the contact locations (geometry) of m-DOF remote objects without geometry detection sensors. In order to validate the proposed approach, some experiments performing surface contour-following are conductedusing two Phantoms: (i) 2-DOF object (bobbin), and (ii) 3-DOF semi-spherical object in the presence of large timedelays.
Parametric Sensitivity Analyses for Perceived Impedance in Haptic Teleoperation
Riaz Uddin,Muhammad Hammad Saleem,류제하 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.8
In this paper, sensitivity analyses (SA) are performed in order to find the effect of variations of master/slave site dynamics parameters on the perceived impedance in haptic teleoperation in the absence/presence of communication time delays. These analyses are useful in finding the dominant parameter perceived by the human operator during the teleoperation. In this regard, the comprehensive sensitivity analyses are performed for the prominent force reflecting teleoperation architectures such as (i) two-channel (2C) teleoperation architectures mainly (a) position error-based architecture (PE) and (b) direct force reflection architecture (PF), (ii) four-channel architecture (4C) and, (iii) three-channel (3C) architecture (a) OFC architecture and (b) EFC architecture. Several important results and conclusions are presented for sensitivity of perceived impedance in frequency domain using MATLAB/Simulink.