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An Absence of Women Managers : Korea"s Unacknowledged Corporate Scandal
Jean R,Renshaw 한국공공정책학회 2007 공공정책연구 Vol.22 No.-
Women are 41% of the Korean workforce, but less than 5% of managers. Female role models do not exist and male managers tend to use male sex-based ascription in job assignments. Yet compared to firms without a single woman manager, Korean firms employing at least 2 women managers had better performance in terms of market share and profits. Barriers facing women include a corporate structure that prohibits women from moving laterally or upward benefits given men for their compulsory military service male networks based on school and military ties traditional attitudes of male preference, privilege and dominance and the lack of penalties for disobeying anti-discrimination laws. Women, men, corporations and government, need to be involved to create awareness of problems women face and to acknowledge the necessity of change.
Major Depressive Disorder With Anger Attacks and Subcortical MRI White Matter Hyperintensities
Iosifescu, Dan V.,Renshaw, Perry F.,Dougherty, Darin D.,Lyoo, In Kyoon,Lee, Ho Kyu,Fraguas, Renerio,Cassano, Paolo,Nierenberg, Andrew A.,Fava, Maurizio Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2007 The Journal of nervous and mental disease Vol.195 No.2
Previous reports of increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors in major depressive disorder (MDD) with anger attacks led the authors to hypothesize that MDD with anger attacks may be associated with brain vascular changes (magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities [WMHs]). Sixty-five subjects meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder were administered brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at 1.5T to detect T2 WMH. The severity of brain WMH was classified with the Fazekas scale. We used standardized scales to assess melancholic MDD, atypical MDD, and MDD with anger attacks. In logistic regression analyses, MDD with anger attacks was associated with higher severity of subcortical WMH and of total WMH, but not with periventricular WMH. Atypical and melancholic MDD subtypes were not significantly associated with brain WMH. In conclusion, subcortical brain vascular lesions may be more prevalent or severe in MDD with anger attacks.
Structural templating of multiple polycrystalline layers in organic photovoltaic cells
Lassiter, Brian E.,Lunt, Richard R.,Renshaw, C. Kyle,Forrest, Stephen R. The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.suppl3
<P>We demonstrate that organic photovoltaic cell performance is influenced by changes in the crystalline orientation of composite layer structures. A 1.5 nm thick self-organized, polycrystalline template layer of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) orients subsequently deposited layers of a diindenoperylene exciton blocking layer, and the donor, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Control over the crystalline orientation of the CuPc leads to changes in its frontier energy levels, absorption coefficient, and surface morphology, resulting in an increase of power conversion efficiency at 1 sun from 1.42 ± 0.04% to 2.19 ± 0.05% for a planar heterojunction and from 1.89 ± 0.05% to 2.49 ± 0.03% for a planar-mixed heterojunction.</P>
Exposure to Environmental Toxins in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
김선미,한덕현,민경준,Hang Sik Lyoo,Perry Renshaw,김경호 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.2
Objective Environmental pollutants, especially environmental toxins (ET), may have the potential to disrupt neurodevelopmental pathways during early brain development. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that mothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children would have less knowledge about ET and more chance to be exposed to ET than mothers with healthy children (MHC). MethodsaaOne hundred and six biologic mothers with ASD children (MASD) and three hundred twenty four biologic mothers with healthy children MHC were assessed using two questionnaires asking about ET. ResultsaaThe total score in response to questions related to knowledge about ET in MHC was higher than that in MASD. The possibility of exposure to ET was higher in MASD than MHC. MASD showed higher sub-scale scores in terms of exposures to canned food, plastics, waste incinerators, old electronics, microwavable food, and textiles. ConclusionaaThe current results show that reduced knowledge about ET and greater exposure to ET may be associated with autism spectrum disorder.
Bae, Sujin,Han, Doug Hyun,Jung, Jaebum,Nam, Ki Chun,Renshaw, Perry F. Akadémiai Kiadó 2017 JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS Vol.6 No.4
<P><B>Background and aims</B></P><P>Given the similarities in clinical symptoms, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is thought to be diagnostically similar to Internet-based gambling disorder (ibGD). However, cognitive enhancement and educational use of Internet gaming suggest that the two disorders derive from different neurobiological mechanisms. The goal of this study was to compare subjects with ibGD to those with IGD.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Fifteen patients with IGD, 14 patients with ibGD, and 15 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data for all participants were acquired using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner (Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). Seed-based analyses, the three brain networks of default mode, cognitive control, and reward circuitry, were performed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Both IGD and ibGD groups demonstrated decreased functional connectivity (FC) within the default-mode network (DMN) (family-wise error <I>p</I> < .001) compared with healthy control subjects. However, the IGD group demonstrated increased FC within the cognitive network compared with both the ibGD (<I>p</I> < .01) and healthy control groups (<I>p</I> < .01). In contrast, the ibGD group demonstrated increased FC within the reward circuitry compared with both IGD (<I>p</I> < .01) and healthy control subjects (<I>p</I> < .01).</P><P><B>Discussion and conclusions</B></P><P>The IGD and ibGD groups shared the characteristic of decreased FC in the DMN. However, the IGD group demonstrated increased FC within the cognitive network compared with both ibGD and healthy comparison groups.</P>
Aerobic Exercise and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain Research
CHOI, JAE WON,HAN, DOUG HYUN,KANG, KYUNG DOO,JUNG, HYE YEON,RENSHAW, PERRY F. American College of Sports Medicine 2015 Medicine and science in sports and exercise Vol.47 No.1
PURPOSE: As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of methylphenidate on the clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and brain activity of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Thirty-five adolescents with ADHD were randomly assigned to one of two groups in a 1/1 ratio; methylphenidate treatment + 6-wk exercise (sports-ADHD) or methylphenidate treatment + 6-wk education (edu-ADHD). At baseline and after 6 wk of treatment, symptoms of ADHD, cognitive function, and brain activity were evaluated using the Dupaul attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale--Korean version (K-ARS), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. RESULTS: The K-ARS total score and perseverative errors in the sports-ADHD group decreased compared with those in the edu-ADHD group. After the 6-wk treatment period, the mean &bgr; value of the right frontal lobe in the sports-ADHD group increased compared with that in the edu-ADHD group. The mean &bgr; value of the right temporal lobe in the sports-ADHD group decreased. However, the mean &bgr; value of the right temporal lobe in the edu-ADHD group did not change. The change in activity within the right prefrontal cortex in all adolescents with ADHD was negatively correlated with the change in K-ARS scores and perseverative errors. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that aerobic exercise increased the effectiveness of methylphenidate on clinical symptoms, perseverative errors, and brain activity within the right frontal and temporal cortices in response to the Wisconsin card sorting test stimulation.