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( Raymond C. W. Wan ),( Jason C. H. Fan ),( Yuk-wah Hung ),( Ka-bon Kwok ),( Carmen K. M. Lo ),( Kwong-yin Chung ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-
Background: Many patients experience bilateral knee osteoarthritis and require bilateral total knee replacement (TKR). Same-stage, bilateral TKR is proposed to be a cost-effective and safe solution compared to two-stage, but conflicting results in the literature are reported. We aim to compare the costs, safety, and rehabilitation performance of patients in same-stage versus two-stage, bilateral TKR with our centre’s perioperative protocol. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 175 patients (95 same-stage, 80 two-stage) who had undergone bilateral TKR in our centre. Patient selection for same-stage, bilateral TKR was strictly protocol-driven and required fulfilment of all criteria, including age < 75 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1 or 2, body mass index (BMI) < 40, and having non-complex arthritis. All patients followed a standardised pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. The cost, safety profiles, and rehabilitation outcomes were compared between the same-stage and two-stage groups. Results: The same-stage, bilateral TKR reduced the length of hospital stays by 5.71 days per patient, decreased the operation time by 27.4 min, saved 3.34 (18.6%) physiotherapy sessions, and 3.78 (51.5%) occupational therapy sessions. The same-stage group experienced a higher haemoglobin drop but no significant difference in transfusion percentage, transfusion volume, complication rate, and readmission rate. The two-stage subgroup with anaesthetic risk, age, and BMI similar to the same-stage group showed the same results. Same-stage, bilateral TKR patients experienced no significant difference in final post-operative pain levels and rehabilitation outcomes as two-stage TKR patients. Conclusion: This study showed that same-stage, bilateral TKR can reduce costs, with similar safety profiles and rehabilitation outcomes compared to the two-stage, bilateral TKR.
Does Conceptual Metaphor Emerge from Metaphoric Language?
( Raymond W Gibbs Jr ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2013 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.14 No.3
A significant claim within contemporary metaphor scholarship is that many linguistic metaphors arise from widely-held metaphors in thought, or conceptual metaphors. People speak metaphorically to the extent that they do, because they think metaphorically about many abstract ideas and events. Moreover, these metaphoric concepts emerge, primarily, from recurring aspects of bodily experience, such that metaphoric concepts and language is seen as embodied to a significant degree. Daniel Sanford offers a different perspective of where metaphoric concepts come from by suggesting how these emerge from tokens of linguistic metaphor. Verbal metaphors do not arise from metaphoric concepts, but metaphoric concepts may arise from repeated patterns of verbal metaphor use. My article acknowledges the possible importance of verbal metaphor in the creation of conceptual metaphors, but strongly argues that language along cannot explain the specifics of metaphoric thinking or why we talk about topics in the metaphoric ways we do.
Does Conceptual Metaphor Emerge from Metaphoric Language?
Raymond W. Gibbs 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2013 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.14 No.3
A significant claim within contemporary metaphor scholarship is that many linguistic metaphors arise from widely-held metaphors in thought, or conceptual metaphors. People speak metaphorically to the extent that they do, because they think metaphorically about many abstract ideas and events. Moreover, these metaphoric concepts emerge, primarily, from recurring aspects of bodily experience, such that metaphoric concepts and language is seen as embodied to a significant degree. Daniel Sanford offers a different perspective of where metaphoric concepts come from by suggesting how these emerge from tokens of linguistic metaphor. Verbal metaphors do not arise from metaphoric concepts, but metaphoric concepts may arise from repeated patterns of verbal metaphor use. My article acknowledges the possible importance of verbal metaphor in the creation of conceptual metaphors, but strongly argues that language along cannot explain the specifics of metaphoric thinking or why we talk about topics in the metaphoric ways we do.
Cand1 Promotes Assembly of New SCF Complexes through Dynamic Exchange of F Box Proteins
Pierce, Nathan W.,Lee, J.,Liu, X.,Sweredoski, Michael J.,Graham, Robert L.J.,Larimore, Elizabeth A.,Rome, M.,Zheng, N.,Clurman, Bruce E.,Hess, S.,Shan, S.o.,Deshaies, Raymond J. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2013 Cell Vol.153 No.1
The modular SCF (Skp1, cullin, and F box) ubiquitin ligases feature a large family of F box protein substrate receptors that enable recognition of diverse targets. However, how the repertoire of SCF complexes is sustained remains unclear. Real-time measurements of formation and disassembly indicate that SCF<SUP>Fbxw7</SUP> is extraordinarily stable, but, in the Nedd8-deconjugated state, the cullin-binding protein Cand1 augments its dissociation by one-million-fold. Binding and ubiquitylation assays show that Cand1 is a protein exchange factor that accelerates the rate at which Cul1-Rbx1 equilibrates with multiple F box protein-Skp1 modules. Depletion of Cand1 from cells impedes recruitment of new F box proteins to pre-existing Cul1 and profoundly alters the cellular landscape of SCF complexes. We suggest that catalyzed protein exchange may be a general feature of dynamic macromolecular machines and propose a hypothesis for how substrates, Nedd8, and Cand1 collaborate to regulate the cellular repertoire of SCF complexes.
Clare C.W. Yu,Chun T. Au,Frank Y.F. Lee,Raymond C.H. So,John P.S. Wong,Gary Y.K. Mak,Eric P. Chien,Alison M. McManus 한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3
Background: Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent among firefighters in some developed countries. It is unclear whether physical activity and cardiopulmonary fitness reduce cardiovascular disease risk and the cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters. The present study investigated the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and cardiovascular workload at work in firefighters in Hong Kong. Methods: Male firefighters (n ¼ 387) were randomly selected from serving firefighters in Hong Kong (n ¼ 5,370) for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, known cardiovascular diseases). One-third (Target Group) were randomly selected for the assessment of off-duty leisure-time physical activity using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed, as well as cardiovascular workload using heart rate monitoring for each firefighter for four “normal” 24-hour working shifts and during real-situation simulated scenarios. Results: Overall, 33.9% of the firefighters had at least two cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Target Group, firefighters who had higher leisure-time physical activity had a lower resting heart rate and a lower average working heart rate, and spent a smaller proportion of time working at a moderateintensity cardiovascular workload. Firefighters who had moderate aerobic fitness and high leisuretime physical activity had a lower peak working heart rate during the mountain rescue scenario compared with firefighters who had low leisure-time physical activities. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity conferred significant benefits during job tasks of moderate cardiovascular workload in firefighters in Hong Kong.