Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Coscinium fenestratum in STZ-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

I.S.R.Punitha1,,Nalini Bhat3,,K.Rajendran1,,Arun Shirwaikar2,,Annie Shirwaikar1 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.3

The aqueous extract of Coscinium fenestratum was studied for its antioxidant status in STZ-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats at two dose levels of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. At the end of theexperimental period, diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract at both dose levels showed a significant increase insuperoxide dismutase and catalase as compared to the untreated control. Similarly, a significant increase was alsoobserved in the levels of the non enzymatic antioxidants ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. The resultssuggest that the aqueous stem extract of C. fenestratum prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus induced oxidative stress.

Lack of RING Finger Domain (RFD) Mutations of the c-Cbl Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Chennai, India

Rajendran, Senthilnathan,Muthupalani, Rajendran Shanmugam,Ramanathan, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Background: In normal cells, activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecules are subjected to ubiquitination-mediated proteasome degradation pathway by c-Cbl, an ubiquitin ligase that checks uncontrolled proliferation. Hence expression of wild type c-Cbl molecule is essential to keep this degradation machinery in a functional state. Loss of expression or function of c-Cbl may consequently lead to sustained activation of EGFR and promote carcinogenesis, loss of function mutations in the c-Cbl gene already being reported in lung and hematopoietic cancers. However, the genetic status of c-Cbl in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not known. Hence in the present study we investigated the genomic DNA isolated from OSCC tissue biopsy samples for mutations in the RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene, which has also been reported to be most frequently mutated in other cancers. Materials and Methods: Total genomic DNA isolated from thirty two post surgical OSCC tissue samples were amplified using primers flanking the exon 8 of c-Cbl gene that codes for the RING finger domain. The PCR amplicons were then resolved in a 1.2% agarose gel, purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations. Results: The sequencing data of the thirty two OSCC samples did not identify mutations in the RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the genetic status of c-Cbl gene in OSCC samples has been investigated. The present data indicates that genetic alteration of RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene is relatively infrequent in OSCC samples.

Lipid polymer hybrid nanospheres encapsulating antiproliferative agents for stent applications

Rajendran JC Bose,이수홍,박한수 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.36 No.-

Antiproliferative drug (sirolimus or propolis) loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanospheres (LPHNSs) wereprepared by single step method. The effects of different lipids on properties of nanocarrier wereinvestigated. Furthermore, anti proliferative efficiency and cytotoxicity of LPHHNSs-propolis orsirolimus were investigated on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), and human aorticendothelial primary cells (HAECs) respectively. The characterization of LPHNSs revealed that the lipidsused in the formulation influence physiochemical parameters. In vitro studies showed that theencapsulated sirolimus and propolis significantly reduced the proliferation of HASMCs, whilemaintaining high HAECs viability.

Biodegradable polymers for modern vaccine development

Rajendran JC Bose,김민우,장지현,Ramasamy Paulmurugan,James J. Moon,고원건,이수홍,박한수 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-

Most traditional vaccines are composed either of a whole pathogen or its parts; these vaccines, however,are not always effective and can even be harmful. As such, additional agents known as adjuvants arenecessary to increase vaccine safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the potential of biodegradablematerials, including synthetic and natural polymers, for vaccine delivery. These materials are highlybiocompatible and have minimal toxicity, and most biomaterial-based vaccines delivering antigens oradjuvants have been shown to improve immune response, compared to formulations consisting of theantigen alone. Therefore, these materials can be applied in modern vaccine development.

Eight-node field-consistent hexahedron element in dynamic problems

Rajendran, S.,Prathap, G. Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.8 No.1

Superior performance of field consistent eight-node hexahedron element in static bending problems has already been demonstrated in literature. In this paper, its performance in free vibration is investigated. Free vibration frequencies of typical test problems have been computed using this element. The results establish its superior performance in free vibration, particularly in thin plate application and near incompressibility regimes, demonstrating that shear locking, Poisson's stiffening and volumetric locking have been eliminated.

Completeness requirements of shape functions for higher order finite elements

Rajendran, S.,Liew, K.M. Techno-Press 2000 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.10 No.2

An alternative interpretation of the completeness requirements for the higher order elements is presented. Apart from the familiar condition, $\sum_iN_i=1$, some additional conditions to be satisfied by the shape functions of higher order elements are identified. Elements with their geometry in the natural form, i.e., without any geometrical distortion, satisfy most of these additional conditions inherently. However, the geometrically distorted elements satisfy only fewer conditions. The practical implications of the satisfaction or non-satisfaction of these additional conditions are investigated with respect to a 3-node bar element, and 8- and 9-node quadrilateral elements. The results suggest that non-satisfaction of these additional conditions results in poorer performance of the element when the element is geometrically distorted. Based on the new interpretation of completeness requirements, a 3-node element and an 8-node rectangular element that are insensitive to mid-node distortion under a quadratic displacement field have been developed.

Mesh distortion sensitivity of 8-node plane elasticity elements based on parametric, metric, parametric-metric, and metric-parametric formulations

Rajendran, S.,Subramanian, S. Techno-Press 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.17 No.6

The classical 8-node isoparametric serendipity element uses parametric shape functions for both test and trial functions. Although this element performs well in general, it yields poor results under severe mesh distortions. The distortion sensitivity is caused by the lack of continuity and/or completeness of shape functions used for test and trial functions. A recent element using parametric and metric shape functions for constructing the test and trial functions exhibits distortion immunity. This paper discusses the choice of parametric or metric shape functions as the basis for test and/or trial functions, satisfaction of continuity and completeness requirements, and their connection to distortion sensitivity. Also, the performances of four types of elements, viz., parametric, metric, parametric-metric, and metric-parametric, are compared for distorted meshes, and their merits and demerits are discussed.

An effective automated ontology construction based on the agriculture domain

Rajendran Deepa,Srinivasan Vigneshwari 한국전자통신연구원 2022 ETRI Journal Vol.44 No.4

The agricultural sector is completely different from other sectors since it completely relies on various natural and climatic factors. Climate changes have many effects, including lack of annual rainfall and pests, heat waves, changes in sea level, and global ozone/atmospheric CO2 fluctuation, on land and agriculture in similar ways. Climate change also affects the environment. Based on these factors, farmers chose their crops to increase productivity in their fields. Many existing agricultural ontologies are either domain-specific or have been created with minimal vocabulary and no proper evaluation framework has been implemented. A new agricultural ontology focused on subdomains is designed to assist farmers using Jaccard relative extractor (JRE) and Naïve Bayes algorithm. The JRE is used to find the similarity between two sentences and words in the agricultural documents and the relationship between two terms is identified via the Naïve Bayes algorithm. In the proposed method, the preprocessing of data is carried out through natural language processing techniques and the tags whose dimensions are reduced are subjected to rule-based formal concept analysis and mapping. The subdomain ontologies of weather, pest, and soil are built separately, and the overall agricultural ontology are built around them. The gold standard for the lexical layer is used to evaluate the proposed technique, and its performance is analyzed by comparing it with different state-of-the-art systems. Precision, recall, F-measure, Matthews correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic curve area, and precision-recall curve area are the performance metrics used to analyze the performance. The proposed methodology gives a precision score of 94.40% when compared with the decision tree(83.94%) and K-nearest neighbor algorithm(86.89%) for agricultural ontology construction.

Au Nanoparticle-decorated Nanoporous PEDOT Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: A New Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Detection of Glutathione

Rajendran Rajaram,Pandiyaraj Kanagavalli,Shanmugam Senthilkumar,Jayaraman Mathiyarasu 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5

Glutathione (GSH) is an important bio-thiol which is playing vital role in the human system, such as treating glaucoma, preventing asthma, cancer, etc. Therefore, electrochemical sensing of GSH is becoming very vital to know the level of the biomolecule in living systems. Hence, the present work aims to develop a sensor matrix for electrochemical biosensing of GSH at Au nanoparticle decorated Nanoporous poly(3,4)ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPPEDOT/ GCE). The electrode is modified with a nanoporous fibrillar network of PEDOT containing Au nanoparticles and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The platform is capable of producing enhanced signal against the bio-analyte at the applied overpotential of 0.6 V. Whereas bare glassy carbon electrode is unable to produce the signal. Conversely, Nanoporous PEDOT modified glassy carbon electrode can sense GSH of very low sensitivity at an applied overpotential of 0.7 V. From single step chronoamperometric measurements, kinetic parameters such as diffusion coefficient and apparent rate constant of the reaction were found as 5.01 × 10-5 cm2·s-1 and 1.106 × 103 M-1·s-1 respectively. From the amperometric response, the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of the electrode were to be 10.7 μA cm-2/μM and 0.173 μM respectively with the linear range of 0.5 to 10 μM. The matrix can detect GSH in the presence of other possible interfering molecules present in blood samples.

Design of a Smart Safety Vest Incorporated With Metal Detector Kits for Enhanced Personal Protection

Rajendran, Salini D.,Wahab, Siti N.,Yeap, Swee P. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2020 Safety and health at work Vol.11 No.4

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been designed in such a way to reduce accident rates. Unfortunately, existing PPE is rather ineffective as it is not able to provide warning signals when hazard is around. The integration of intelligent systems is envisaged to increase the efficiency of existing PPE. Methods: This project designed a safety vest incorporated with metal detectors which can provide immediate warning to the field workers when there is metal hazard around. This product has greater freedom of design via smart manufacturing as it involves the assembly of few commercially available parts into a single entity. Briefly, the metal detector is a do it yourself (DIY) kit, and the safety vest is purchasable from any local market. The DIY kit was connected to a copper coil and being sewed into the safety vest. Results: The metal detector induces beeping sound when there is metal hazard around. A total of 121 engineering students were introduced to the prototype before being requested to answer a survey associated with the design. Respondents have rated >3.00/5.00 for the design simplicity, ease of usage, and light weight. Meanwhile, respondents suggested that the design should be further improved by increasing the metal detection range. Conclusion: It is envisaged that the introduction of this smart safety vest will allow the workers to carry out their duties securely by reducing the accident rates. Particularly, such design is expected to reduce workplace accident especially during night time at construction sites where the visibility is low.