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Phase transition kinetics and surface binding states of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
Rajendra Kumar, G.,Dennyson Savariraj, A.,Karthick, S. N.,Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Kim, Hee-Je,Viswanathan, K. K.,Vijaykumar, M.,Prabakar, Kandasamy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.10
<P>We have presented a detailed analysis of the phase transition kinetics and binding energy states of solution processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) thin films prepared at ambient conditions and annealed at different elevated temperatures. It is the processing temperature and environmental conditions that predominantly control the crystal structure and surface morphology of MAPbI3 thin films. The structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic occurs at 60 degrees C with a 30 minute annealing time while the 10 minute annealed films posses a tetragonal crystal structure. The transformed phase is greatly intact even at the higher annealing temperature of 150 degrees C and after a time of 2 hours. The charge transfer interaction between the Pb 4f and I 3d oxidation states is quantified using XPS.</P>
Interplay between Iodide and Tin Vacancies in CsSnI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells
Rajendra Kumar, G.,Kim, Hee-Je,Karupannan, Senthil,Prabakar, Kandasamy American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.121 No.30
<P>Tin -based perovskite materials have the drawbacks of high density of Sn vacancies, structural deformations of SnI6- octahedra, and oxidation of unstable Sn2+ states, resulting in poor chemical stability processed at inert and open atmosphere. In this work, we demonstrate the temperature effects on reduction of Sn vacancies (V-sn) in polymorphic CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells. Evidence of light-induced I- ion diffusion and an interplay between iodide and Sn vacancies were briefly presented. We have observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the formation of iodide vacancies (V-I) are highly activated at 60 degrees C, contributing to the reduction of acceptor defects, mainly Sn vacancies (V-sn). The formation of SnO- and SnO2- at high temperature mitigates the Sn-I interaction and eventually increases the trap density at Au/CsSnI3 interfaces. We have observed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry that the delocalized r ions are accumulated near the metal contacts and form AuI- ions which diffuse through the material, inhibiting the exciton transport.</P>
CONFORMAL HEMI-SLANT SUBMERSIONS FROM ALMOST HERMITIAN MANIFOLDS
Kumar, Sumeet,Kumar, Sushil,Pandey, Shashikant,Prasad, Rajendra Korean Mathematical Society 2020 대한수학회논문집 Vol.35 No.3
In this paper, our main objective is to introduce the notion of conformal hemi-slant submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds as a generalized case of conformal anti-invariant submersions, conformal semi-invariant submersions and conformal slant submersions. We mainly focus on conformal hemi-slant submersions from Kähler manifolds. During this manner, we tend to study and investigate integrability of the distributions which are arisen from the definition of the submersions and the geometry of leaves of such distributions. Moreover, we tend to get necessary and sufficient conditions for these submersions to be totally geodesic for such manifolds. We also provide some quality examples of conformal hemi-slant submersions.
Stormy Course of a Huge Submitral Aneurysm Causing Low Cardiac Output State
Rajendra Kumar Gokhroo,Avinash Anantharaj,Kamal Kishor,Bhanwar Ranwa 한국심초음파학회 2016 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.24 No.1
Submitral aneurysm is a rare structural abnormality of congenital or acquired aetiology. Most reported cases are from Africa. Unless promptly treated surgically this condition is invariably fatal. We report a case of a young Indian male who presented with dyspnea of recent onset, diagnosed to have a massive submitral aneurysm causing low cardiac output and compression of cardiac structures.
( Rajendra Kumar Sahoo ),( Abhijit S. Nair ) 대한통증학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.28 No.4
Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is one the most common cause of chronic abdominal wall pain. The syndrome is mostly misdiagnosed, treated wrongly and inadequately. If diagnosed correctly by history, examination and a positive carnett test, the suffering of the patient can be relieved by addressing the cause i.e. local anaesthetic with steroid injection at the entrapment site. Conventionally, the injection is done by landmark technique. In this report, we have described 2 patients who were diagnosed with ACNES who were offered ultrasound guided transverses abdominis plane (TAP) injection who got significant pain relief for a long duration of time. (Korean J Pain 2015; 28: 284-286)
Quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds
Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma,Sumeet Kumar,Sudhakar K Chaubey 강원경기수학회 2020 한국수학논문집 Vol.28 No.2
We introduce and study quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of almost contact metric manifolds (especially, cosymplectic manifolds) and validate its existence by providing some non-trivial examples. Necessary and sufficient conditions for integrability of distributions, which are involved in the definition of quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds, are obtained. Also, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds to be totally geodesic and study the geometry of foliations determined by the distributions.
A note on Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifolds
Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma,Sumeet Kumar 호남수학회 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.4
The objective of this paper is to introduce and study Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifolds. For a para-Kenmotsu manifold to be Einstein-like, a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of its curvature tensor is obtained. We also obtain the scalar curvature of an Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifold. A necessary and sufficient condition for an almost para-contact metric hypersurface of a locally product Riemannian manifold to be para-Kenmotsu is derived and it is shown that the para-Kenmotsu hypersurface of a locally product Riemannian manifold of almost constant curvature is always Einstein.
Kumar, Nishant,Ganguly, Indrajit,Singh, Rajendra,Deb, Sitangsu M.,Kumar, Subodh,Sharma, Arjava,Mitra, Abhijit Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7
The PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in and around TM4 of SLC11A1 gene and its association with the incidences of brucellosis in Hariana breed (Bos indicus) and Holstein Friesian crossbred (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus) cattle was examined. A fragment of 954 bp encoding the TM4 was amplified, and RFLP was identified by digestion of the amplicon independently with AluI and TaqI. The amplicon (GenBank Acc. No. AY338470 and AY338471) comprised of a part of exon V (<59 bp) and VII (62>), and entire intron 5 (423 bp), exon VI (71 bp) and intron 6 (339 bp). Digestion with AluI revealed the presence of two alleles viz, A (281, 255, 79 and 51 bp) and B (541, 255, 79 and 51 bp). The frequency of A allele was estimated as 0.80 and 0.73 in Hariana and crossbred cattle, respectively. Due to presence of a polymorphic TaqI site at intron 5, two alleles: T (552 and 402 bp) and Q (231, 321 and 402 bp) were identified. The frequency of T allele was estimated as 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. For association study, on the basis of serological tests and history of abortion, the animals were grouped into "affected" and "non-affected". However, no association could be established with the observed RFLPs.