Enhanced somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and total phenolic content estimation in Lycium barbarum L.: a highly nutritive and medicinal plant

Verma Sandeep Kumar,Gantait Saikat,Mukherjee Epsita,Gurel Ekrem 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Goji (or wolfberry), is popular for its nutritive and medicinal properties and is called a “super fruit” or “super food”. Considering the importance of the economic utility, the potential of different explants (hypocotyl, leaf and root) of L. barbarumfor plant regeneration and somatic embryogenesis has been evaluated in the present study. Two sets of experiments were carried out; the first compared Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium suplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), N6- benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin, and zeatin alone, while the second set tested the combinations of TDZ with 2,4-D to inducecallus and subsequent shoot or embryo formation, respectively. For callus and subsequent shoot induction (for the first set of experiment), 2,4-D was the most effective for callus induction (100%), while TDZ at 1 mg/L produced a mean of 5 shoots per callus. For the second set of experiment spontaneous induction of somatic embryos as well as subsequent maximum shoot regeneration was recorded as 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L TDZ supplemented medium. Hypocotyl explant proved to be the most responsive organ that induced as many as 6 somatic embryos and subsequent 9regenerated shoots per callus. Later, the plantlets were successfully acclimatized (100%) and finally transferred to the greenhouse. Total phenolic content was measured from shoot, brown callus and white callus of L. barbarum L. grown in MS medium supplemented with auxin alone (for callus) and auxin-cytokinin (for shoots). The highest amount of total phenolic content (640 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained in shoot. The described protocol provides a simple way to regenerate plants through direct and indirect organogenesis as well as somatic embryogenesis, which would be useful for mass propagation, large-scale production of secondary metabolites, germplasm conservation, and genetic transformation studies in this medicinally important species.

Green synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in various sectors: a topical review

Verma Sandeep Kumar,Das Ashok Kumar,Gantait Saikat,Panwar Yogita,Kumar Vinay,Brestic Marian 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.2

Nanomaterials (NMs) are gradually becoming pervasive in the modern world, entering every application for improving the quality of life. Multifaceted uses of NMs in curing diseases, biomedical instrumentation, bioimaging, drugs, and gene delivery, display devices, nanosensors, and biomarkers in several fields ranging from agriculture to industries, healthcare, and environment, have been well recognized. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) constitute a major type of NMs with broad-spectrum applications including their uses in agriculture. These are synthesized in large quantities via synthetic and biological approaches. Biological approaches are gaining appreciation and momentum, owing to the advantages associated with them, major being their environment friendly or ‘Green’ nature. This topical review focuses on the preparation of CNMs using natural resources, i.e., using the Green Nanotechnology. The up-to-date compilation presented here includes most of the popular green technological methods of producing the CNMs and their immediate uses as anticancer agents, in bio-labelling, as biosensors, in bio-remediation, in cell imaging, in fluorescent inks, and fluorescent dyes, as plant growth inducing agents, in nano-probes, in light-emitting devices and other applications. It is intended to update the reader with the state-of-the-art knowledge about the green technological methods for synthesizing CNMs, their uses, current trends, challenges, and future outlook on the topic.

A Simplified Approach for Estimating Settlement of Soft Clay under Vacuum Consolidation

Sandeep Bhosle,Devendra Kumar Verma,Vivek Balwantrao Deshmukh 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.5

In general, the ground improvement by Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) consolidation involves a high magnitude of settlement, which results in a change in the consolidation characteristic of the soil during the process of consolidation. Under such circumstances, the consolidation problem must be treated as a large strain problem. The large strain 3-Dimensional consolidation analysis requires a large number of parameters, making it difficult for practicing engineers to carry out such analysis for a practical application. This paper aims to provide a simplified method for estimation of settlement during 3D vacuum consolidation using a single parameter, the coefficient of horizontal Consolidation (Ch). For this, the variation in Ch during the 3D consolidation was backcalculated using Hansbo’s method from a series of large-scale 3D vacuum consolidation tests carried on reconstituted marine clay. As the varying Ch cannot be employed in available analytical models, a simplified finite element analysis is presented to employ varying Ch. The estimated settlement was further compared with settlement obtained utilizing constant Ch, by trial and error method. The paper also demonstrates a potential advantage of the proposed method that the variation in Ch can also be determined from 3D consolidation carried out previously for similar strata, as it requires only basic data, which are usually available.

CONFORMAL HEMI-SLANT SUBMERSIONS FROM COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS

Vinay Kumar,Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.1

The main goal of the paper is the introduction of the notion of conformal hemi-slant submersions from almost contact metric manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. It is a generalization of conformal anti-invariant submersions, conformal semi-invariant submersions and conformal slant submersions. Our main focus is conformal hemi-slant submersion from cosymplectic manifolds. We tend also study the integrability of the distributions involved in the definition of the submersions and the geometry of their leaves. Moreover, we get necessary and sufficient conditions for these submersions to be totally geodesic, and provide some representative examples of conformal hemi-slant submersions.

Molecular fingerprinting of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)

Rishendra Verma,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Devendra H.Shah 대한수의학회 2004 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.5 No.4

Forty mycobacterial strains comprising clinical Indian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28 field isolates + 1H37 Rv) and Mycobacterium bovis (10 field isolates + 1 AN5) were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) using IS6110 and IS1081 probes. Most of these strains originated from dairy cattle herd and human patients from Indian Veterinary research Institute (IVRI) campus isolated from the period of 1986 to 2000. Our study showed presence of 8 copies of IS6110 in most of the M.tuberculosis (96.6%) strains irrespective of their origin with the exception of one M.tuberculosis strain with presence of an extra copy (3.4%). All M.bovis strains showed a single copy of IS6110 on the characteristic 1.9kb restriction fragment. RFLP analysis with IS1081 invariably showed the presence of 5 copies in all isolates of M.bovis and M.tuberculosis at the same chromosomal location. Similarity of IS6110 RFLP fingerprints of M.tuberculosis strains from animals and human suggested the possibility of dissemination of single M.tuberculosis strain among animals as well as human. It was not possible to discriminate within the isolates of either M.tuberculosis or M.bovis, when IS1081 was used as target sequence. The IS6110 RFLP is a valuable tool for disclosing transmission chain of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis among humans as well as animals.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefdinir-loaded floating alginate beads in rabbits using LC–MS/MS

Praveen R,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.3

The present investigation aims to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefdinir in rabbits, from floating alginate (an anionic polysaccharide obtained from cell walls of brown algae) beads and conventional suspension, using a new LC–MS/MS method. Formulations equivalent to 20 mg/kg were administered orally to test and reference group and blood samples were collected at selected time intervals up to 24 h. Plasma concentrations of Cefdinir were determined using validated LC–MS/MS method and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by non-compartment model. Statistically significant (p\0.05) increase in Cmax, Tmax, AUC0–? and MRT was observed in case of floating alginate beads, whereas KE and t1/2 remained relatively constant. MRT and tmax increased significantly as a result of controlled drug release. Relative bioavailability was 337.45 % for the floating beads. Thus, alginate based floating formulation improve the bioavailability (3.37 fold) of Cefdinir compared to suspension. The absorption of Cefdinir from floating beads was found mainly from duodenum (73.0 %) and Jejunum 1 and 2 (13.0 %).

Sustained delivery of cefdinir to upper gastrointestinal tract using calcium alginate beads: a formulation by design

Radhakrishnan Praveen,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma,Jerome Karippamattom George 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.6

The present research demonstrates the developmentand characterization of alginate based multiunitfloating dosage form for sustained delivery of cefdinir tothe upper gastrointestinal tract. The method involved ionicgelation of sodium alginate solution containing suspendeddrug and myristyl alcohol (release modifier and buoyancyregulator) by calcium ions followed by freeze drying. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differentialscanning calorimetry studies revealed that there were noincompatibilities between drug and excipients. The effectof various process variables; amount of sodium alginate,myristyl alcohol and cefdinir; on critical parameters likedrug loading, particle size and mean dissolution time(MDT) was modelled using Box–Behnken design andstudied using response surface plots and regression equations. The observed and predicted r2 values were inagreement in case of all the responses which marks thevalidity of developed model. The particle size, drug loadingand MDT were found to be strongly dependent on thevariables studied. The beads showed high drug loading upto 65.41 % and extended drug release up to 24 h in 0.1 Nhydrochloric acid. The beads exhibited 100 % buoyancywithout any lag time up to 24 h despite of the high drugloading. The mechanism of drug release was found to beFickian diffusion.

A note on Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifolds

Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma,Sumeet Kumar 호남수학회 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.4

The objective of this paper is to introduce and study Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifolds. For a para-Kenmotsu manifold to be Einstein-like, a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of its curvature tensor is obtained. We also obtain the scalar curvature of an Einstein-like para-Kenmotsu manifold. A necessary and sufficient condition for an almost para-contact metric hypersurface of a locally product Riemannian manifold to be para-Kenmotsu is derived and it is shown that the para-Kenmotsu hypersurface of a locally product Riemannian manifold of almost constant curvature is always Einstein.

Preformulation and physicochemical interaction study of furosemide with different solid lipids

Hasan Ali,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.4

The aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize the matrices of Furosemide (FRSM) with different solid lipids (Compritol 888 ATO, Hydrokote C, Imwitor 491, Imwitor 372P, and Witepsol H12) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy. The solubility of FRSM in various solid lipids followed the order of; Compritol 888 ATO>Witepsol H12>Hydrokote C>Imwitor 491>Imwitor 372. FTIR, Raman, DSC and XRD studies indicated no chemical interactions with Compritol 888 ATO, Imwitor 491 and Imwitor 372P. Scanning electron microscopic images of lipids, melted lipids, FRSM and FRSM-lipid matrices showed different morphological characteristics. In vitro drug release study showed the sustained release of drug from all lipid-matrices that followed Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas model except FRSM-Hydrokote matrix. The best fit model of FRSMHydrokote matrix was zero order (R² = 0.978). Conclusively, Compritol 888 ATO was selected as lipid of choice owing to maximum solubility, least chemical interaction and better sustained release profile.

Quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds

Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma,Sumeet Kumar,Sudhakar K Chaubey 강원경기수학회 2020 한국수학논문집 Vol.28 No.2

We introduce and study quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of almost contact metric manifolds (especially, cosymplectic manifolds) and validate its existence by providing some non-trivial examples. Necessary and sufficient conditions for integrability of distributions, which are involved in the definition of quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds, are obtained. Also, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for quasi hemi-slant submanifolds of cosymplectic manifolds to be totally geodesic and study the geometry of foliations determined by the distributions.