A Multi-Level Analysis of Innovative Korean SME Activity and Related Innovation Ecosystem

Douglas R. Gress,Ronald V. Kalafsky,Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2021 아시아리뷰 Vol.11 No.3

Faced with waning exports and returns from innovation, the Korean government has prioritized the facilitation of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) innovative activity and marketization. But are policies working? This research deploys a multi-level perspective to more holistically examine individual, firm, network, and industry-level factors, to include the regulatory environment, impacting Korean SMEs. Quantitative analyses of data from the 2016 national Korean Innovation Survey delve into 1) firm motivations, costs, and purchases; 2) internal R&D and external cooperation and knowledge sourcing; 3) innovation impacts on domestic and international market positioning and entry; and 4) sources of support for, and impediments to, innovation in order to provide a nuanced understanding of Korea’s innovation ecosystem. In a novel bifurcation, analyses compare firms engaged in new and incremental innovation and those engaged in only incremental innovation. Some key differences between the innovator groups emerge, such as training objectives, spending patterns on external knowledge, collaborate activity, and market positioning. Though there may be room for cautious optimism, perceived challenges to policy would appear to be equal for both groups of innovators, including those related to personnel, financing, and other government support and policy incentives. Implications for Korea’s future are discussed.

High-Efficiency, Solid-State, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Hierarchically Structured TiO₂ Nanofibers

Hwang, Daesub,Jo, Seong Mu,Kim, Dong Young,Armel, Vanessa,MacFarlane, Douglas R.,Jang, Sung-Yeon American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.5

<P>High-performance, room-temperature (RT), solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using hierarchically structured TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofiber (HS-NF) electrodes and plastic crystal (PC)-based solid-state electrolytes. The electrospun HS-NF photoelectrodes possessed a unique morphology in which submicrometer-scale core fibers are interconnected and the nanorods are dendrited onto the fibers. This nanorod-in-nanofiber morphology yielded porosity at both the mesopore and macropore level. The macropores, steming from the interfiber space, afforded high pore volumes to facilitate the infiltration of the PC electrolytes, whereas the mesoporous nanorod dendrites offered high surface area for enhanced dye loading. The solid-state DSSCs using HS-NFs (DSSC-NF) demonstrated improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to conventional TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticle (NP) based DSSCs (DSSC-NP). The improved performance (>2-fold) of the DSSC-NFs was due to the reduced internal series resistance (<I>R</I><SUB>s</SUB>) and the enhanced charge recombination lifetime (τ<SUB>r</SUB>) determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy. The easy penetration of the PC electrolytes into HS-NF layers via the macropores reduces <I>R</I><SUB>s</SUB> significantly, improving the fill factor (FF) of the resulting DSSC-NFs. The τ<SUB>r</SUB> difference between the DSSC-NF and DSSC-NP in the PC electrolytes was extraordinary (∼ 14 times) compared to reported results in conventional organic liquid electrolytes. The optimized PCE of DSSC-NF using the PC electrolytes was 6.54, 7.69, and 7.93% at the light intensity of 100, 50, and 30 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, respectively, with increased charge collection efficiency (>40%). This is the best performing RT solid-state DSSC using a PC electrolyte. Considering the fact that most reported quasi-solid state or nonvolatile electrolytes require higher iodine contents for efficient ion transport, our HS-NFs are a promising morphology for such electrolytes that have limited ion mass transport.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-5/am200092j/production/images/medium/am-2011-00092j_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am200092j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Entrapment Characteristics of Hydrosoluble Vitamins Loaded into Chitosan and N,N,N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles

Douglas de Britto,Marcia R. de Moura,Fauze A. Aouada,Flávia G. Pinola,Lícia M. Lundstedt,Odilio B. G. Assis,Luiz H. C. Mattoso 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.12

Nanoencapsulation is a process suitable for use in reducing degradation of instable components. In thisstudy, chitosan and trimethyl chitosan with tripolyphosphate were used to nanoencapsulate vitamins C, B9, and B12. Analysis of the particle size showed that for a fix proportion of the polymer tripolyphosphate, the system showed awide variation in size with the amount of added vitamins: e.g., for vitamin B9, the particle size varied from 150±5nm to 809±150 nm. The zeta potential confirmed that trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles generally had a lower net positivecharge (20 mV) than chitosan nanoparticles (40 mV). The encapsulation efficiency was found to be dependenton nanoparticle structure and vitamin solubility, with vitamin B9 the most efficiently encapsulated (approximately40%). UV-Visible spectroscopy indicated different release profiles for vitamins C, B9, and B12 in a neutral PBSsolution with release rates of 36%, 52%, and 16% after 2, 24, and 4 h, respectively. In conclusion the liberation wasfound to be slower in acidic media.

Engaged Pluralism and Asking the Right Questions

Douglas R. Gress 대한지리학회 2015 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

Successful integration of foreign faculty into Korean universities: A proposed framework

Douglas R. Gress,Lynn Ilon 한국교육개발원 2009 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.6 No.2

Korea is making a concerted effort to become a world‐class leader in higher education and the motivations for inviting foreign faculty in conjunction with this effort are clear. However, Korean universities are competing for foreign faculty in an era of global expansion in higher education, so the success of any effort to integrate foreign faculty into Korean universities must entail more than the mere introduction of content classes taught by invited foreign faculty. Korean universities cannot afford to leave the recruitment and integration processes of foreign faculty or the potential gains to students, native professors, and the inviting institution to chance. We therefore outline a three‐pronged framework that simultaneously focuses on student, faculty, and administrative considerations with the goal of not only increasing the effectiveness of foreign faculty recruitment and retention, but also the overall productivity of all participants in the process.

Research Collaboration, Workplace-Related Satisfaction, and Faculty Socialization: Insights from a Korean case university study

Douglas R. Gress 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2019 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.28 No.2

This research examines collaborative activity between expatriate academics, both with and without Korean ethnicity, and their (native Korean) peers both intra-organizationally (e.g. at department, college, and university levels) and in terms of location (e.g. within Korea, in Asia, outside of Asia). Collaboration is further explored vis-à-vis workplace satisfaction and socialization metrics. Ethnically Korean expatriate faculty are more likely to engage in cooperative research at the departmental, college, and university levels. Non-ethnically Korean expatriate faculty collaborate more outside of Asia, within Asia, and to lesser extents within Korea and at the case university. There is an inverse relationship between salary satisfaction and collaboration, yet collaborators as a group are more satisfied with the availability of graduate students. Other variables examined vis-à-vis collaboration include feelings of isolation, overall workplace satisfaction, the administrative stance of the department, socializing within the department, and feeling uninformed about funding opportunities.

Food Safety Education Program in the Southeastern United States

Douglas C. Sanders,Donn R. Ward,Dennis J. Osborne,Luz M. Reyes,James W. Rushing 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

The Green Revolution in East Asia

R. Douglas Hurt 경북대학교 인문학술원 2015 동서인문 Vol.0 No.3

녹색혁명은 지난 20세기 말, 굶주림과 기아문제까지 아우르는 과학적 해결책이 되었던 것으로 보인다. 녹색혁명이라는 용어는 예전에는 기껏 빈약한 작물이나 재배하던 곳에서도 풍성한 수확을 기대할 수 있도록 새로운 벼 품종을 개발해내는 실험실과 농업현장의 과학자나 농업연구자를 떠올리게 한다. 또한 혁명이란 급작스럽게 발발하고, 역동적이며 되돌릴 수 없는 변화를 수반하므로, 녹색혁명은 ‘속도감’을 느끼게 한다. 얼마 전까지만 해도 매일의 굶주림에 고통 받던 이들조차 지금은 잘 먹고 잘 사는 사람의 이미지를 제공한다. 또한 과학이야말로 환경문제와 지리적 조건, 정치적 문제에서 비롯되는 모든 난관들에 대한 해결책이 되리라는 믿음을 제공하기도 한다. 지난 20세기까지 다수확품종(HYVs)의 종자, 특히 벼는 녹색혁명의 동의어가 되었다. 굵은 낟알을 내는 조생종 벼는 물대기와 거름문제만 해결된다면 풍성한 수확을 기대할 수 있었다. 따라서 예전에는 단일 작물만 재배하던 곳에서는 이모작이 가능했을 뿐 아니라 적정한 처리만 잘 해준다면 이전에는 전혀 재배가 불가능했던 곳에서도 단일 작물 재배가 가능해졌다. 그러나 이러한 과거의 모든 단순한 설명에서처럼 녹색혁명의 성공이 과학농업에 근거한다는 단순한 분석과 달리 사실은 그 원인과 결과가 매우 복잡하고 많은 문제점을 안고 있는 것이다. 물론 녹색혁명은 벼의 이종교배를 통한 품종 개발에 기초한 것이지만, 그에 못지않게 관개시설 개량과 화학비료, 살충제, 제초제 등이 광범위하게 동원되면서 동아시아의 생산력 증대와 소득 증가로 이어진 것이다. 그러므로 학자들은 녹색혁명의 유익 논리에 대해 즉시 반론을 제기했다. 즉 농촌 빈곤층에 미친 영향을 골자로 하여 부농과 빈농 간의 불평등 심화, 토지에 대한 속박문제, 광범한 농촌 빈곤 유발, 환경문제, 전통적 농업 시스템의 전복 등이 그것이다. 이 글은 한국이 그 예시가 되는 동아시아 녹색혁명의 유익함과 문제점에 대한 농업종사자들과 과학자들 사이에서 벌어진 논쟁을 다룬다.

Analysis of Security and Performance Aspects in Service-Oriented Architectures

Douglas Rodrigues,Julio C. Estrella,Kalinka R. L. J. C. Branco 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.5 No.1

Geography and China's Solar Industry : Background and Research Considerations

Douglas R. Gress 대한지리학회 2009 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-