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Toughening of melamine–formaldehyde foams and advanced applications based on functional design
Bing Song,Xueli Zhu,Wei Wang,Liang Wang,Xiaoyuan Pei,Xiaoming Qian,Liangsen Liu,Zhiwei Xu 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.119 No.-
Owing to the intrinsic flame-retardancy, thermal stability, sound absorption, and easy processing, melamine–formaldehyde foams(MFs) have drawn substantial attention. Typically, the high-porosity and compressibilityof flexible MFs render them suitable for the construction of 3D templates and in thefabrication of porous N-doped carbon materials. But the widespread applications of MFs still suffer highbrittleness and low strength, calling for modifying and toughening MFs with more facile and economicalmethods, and much potential in advanced applications by functional design deserves further exploration. This review comprehensively summarized and evaluated the recent progress of the toughening methodsof MFs. We will also look into the applications of commercial MFs, carbonized MFs and foam-based compositesin flame retardancy and thermal management, oil/water separation, photothermal conversion,electrical energy storage, and other fields, aiming to give a guide for the preparation, modification, andexploitation of MFs both in traditional and emerging areas.
Gold Immunolocalization of Rubisco and Rubisco Activase in Pyrenoid of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
He, Pei-Min,Zhang, Da-Bing,Chen, Geng-Yun,Liu, Qi-Gen,Wu, Wei-Ning The Korean Society of Phycology 2003 ALGAE Vol.18 No.2
The pyrenoid ultrastructure and distribution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase in the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied using the immunogold localization technology with electron microscopy. There were several tubular thylakoids invading in the pyrenoid matrix to form several spokewise channels. The connections between pyrenoid matrix and stroma of chloroplast were the partial of channels. The starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid was separated into several parts by the connections in transection. Some thylakoids were packed together near the connections in one side of the pyrenoid. Those special structures might be used to transport substance between pyrenoid and stroma of chloroplasts. With the antibody raised against the large subunits of Rubsico from C. protothecoides, the result of the gold immunolocalization of Rubisco in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed most of the gold particles heavily labeled the pyrenoid matrix, as well as the starch sheath matrix, and very few in the stroma of chloroplasts. The gold particle density was 880.00 $\pm$ 164.32, 190.00 $\pm$ 152.39 and 9.60 $\pm$ 5.37 ${\mu}m^{-2}$ in pyrenoid matrix, starch sheath and stroma region of chloroplast respectively (background: 5.67 $\pm$ 1.53 ${\mu}m^{-2}$). 99.59% of the total Rubiscos was calculated to be concentrated in the pyrenoid matrix and starch sheath by spatial densities. The gold immunolocalization of Rubisco activase also showed that Rubisco activase was mainly concentrated in the periphery of the pyrenoid and the starch sheath (the density was as high as 229.69 $\pm$ 96.96 ${\mu}m^{-2}$). There were very few gold particles located in the stroma of chloroplasts. These results indicated that pyrenoid surface and starch sheath was the site for Rubisco activation and $CO_2$ fixation, which supported the suggestion that pyrenoids perform photosynthesis function.
Fei Liu,Bing-Bing Li,De Sun,Fenggang Li,Xinyue Pei 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.5
Membrane hydrophilicity is a crucial factor in evaluating ultrafiltration processes. In this paper, chitosan(CS) was selected for the hydrophilic modification of the polylactic acid (PLA) membrane, and PLACS membranes wereprepared for the densification of the yeast solution. By non-solvent phase inversion method (NIPS), the PLACS microfiltrationmembranes were prepared by using chitosan (CS) acetic acid solution as the coagulation bath and glutaraldehydeas the crosslinking agent. PLACS membranes were characterized by water contact angle, porosity, pore sizedistribution, mechanical properties, ATR-FTIR, SEM, TGA and the ultrafiltration experiment. The viscosity of coagulationbath solution can severely influence the exchange rate of the solvent and the non-solvent as well during phaseinversion; therefore, it can regulate the precipitation kinetics and membrane morphology. The results showed that chitosan(CS) was presented as granular on the pore surfaces of the PLACS membranes. When chitosan (CS) contentincreased, gel rate became smaller and membrane forming process was prolonged; the porosity and pore size of thePLACS were increased compared to the polylactic acid (PLA) membrane, pure water flux increased from 90.31 L·m2·h1to 120.14 L·m2·h1, and yeast rejection rate increased from 75% to more than 90%.
Experimental Installation of Pressure Oscillation based on Pulse-driving Technique
YANG, Tian-hao,LIU, Pei-jin,JIN, Bing-ning The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.1
Under the background of combustion instability in solid rocket motor, to study the relationship between pressure oscillations and dynamic process of propellant flames, it is necessary to simulate an oscillation environment with certain frequency, amplitude and duration. This paper presents an experimental installation of pressure oscillation based on pulse-driving technique, with which pressure oscillations features under different pulse-driving conditions were compared and analyzed. For the pulse-driver applied in this paper, a pressure oscillation with 0.15s-0.5s duration, 179Hz-210Hz first order frequency, 0.04MPa-0.35MPa amplitude is simulated. The test results show that an oscillation with higher frequency and lager amplitude can be obtained when pulse-driver is installed on the top of the installation cavity, while on the side, an oscillation with a longer duration and approximate cavity natural frequency can be simulated.
Comparative Analysis of the Genomes of Bombyx mandarina and Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedroviruses
Yi-Peng Xu,Zheng-Pei Ye,Chang-Ying Niu,Yan-Yuan Bao,Wen-Bing Wang,Wei-De Shen,Chuan-Xi Zhang 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.1
The Bombyx mandarina nucleopolyhedrovirus (BomaNPV) S1 strain can infect the silkworm, Bombyx mori,but is significantly less virulent than B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) T3 strain. The complete nucleotide sequence of the S1 strain of BomaNPV was determined and compared with the BmNPV T3 strain. The circular, double stranded DNA genome of the S1 strain was 126,770 nucleotides long (GenBank accession no. FJ882854), with a G+C content of 40.23%. The genome contained 133 potential ORFs. Most of the putative proteins were more than 96% identical to homologs in the BmNPV T3 strain, except for bro-a, lef-12,bro-c, and bro-d. Compared with the BmNPV T3 strain, however, this genome did not encode the bro-b and bro-e genes. In addition, hr1 lacked two repeat units, while hr2L, hr2R, hr3, hr4L, hr4R, and hr5 were similar to the corresponding hrs in the T3 strain. The sequence strongly suggested that BomaNPV and BmNPV are variants with each other, and supported the idea that baculovirus strain heterogeneity may often be caused by variation in the hrs and bro genes.
Yueh-Ling HSU,Chao-Che HSU,Pei-Chi BING 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2007 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.3
This paper presents how airline passenger service requirements can be analyzed by using Kano’s model of quality element classification as well as discusses the potential benefits that can be achieved by applying this approach to make marketing strategy planning. According to Kano’s model, quality elements can be classified into three categories, namely Must-be, One-dimensional and Attractive needs, depending on their ability to create customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Results of this study suggest that airline passenger service elements could be classified analogously with Kano’s model to identify the most important passenger service elements. Impacts of the service elements features on passenger satisfaction or dissatisfaction have been also calculated as measurement indices for improvement.
He, Ying-Xia,Ye, Cheng-Lin,Zhang, Pei,Li, Qiao,Park, Chae Gyu,Yang, Kun,Jiang, Ling-Yu,Lv, Yin,Ying, Xiao-Ling,Ding, Hong-Hui,Huang, Hong-Ping,Mambwe Tembo, John,Li, An-Yi,Cheng, Bing,Zhang, Shu-Sheng American Society for Microbiology 2019 Infection and immunity Vol.87 No.1
<P><I>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</I> is a Gram-negative enteropathogen and causes gastrointestinal infections. It disseminates from gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, and liver of infected humans and animals.</P><P><I>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</I> is a Gram-negative enteropathogen and causes gastrointestinal infections. It disseminates from gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen, and liver of infected humans and animals. Although the molecular mechanisms for dissemination and infection are unclear, many Gram-negative enteropathogens presumably invade the small intestine via Peyer’s patches to initiate dissemination. In this study, we demonstrate that <I>Y. pseudotuberculosis</I> utilizes its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core to interact with CD209 receptors, leading to invasion of human dendritic cells (DCs) and murine macrophages. These <I>Y. pseudotuberculosis</I>-CD209 interactions result in bacterial dissemination to MLNs, spleens, and livers of both wild-type and Peyer’s patch-deficient mice. The blocking of the <I>Y. pseudotuberculosis</I>-CD209 interactions by expression of O-antigen and with oligosaccharides reduces infectivity. Based on the well-documented studies in which HIV-CD209 interaction leads to viral dissemination, we therefore propose an infection route for <I>Y. pseudotuberculosis</I> where this pathogen, after penetrating the intestinal mucosal membrane, hijacks the <I>Y. pseudotuberculosis</I>-CD209 interaction antigen-presenting cells to reach their target destinations, MLNs, spleens, and livers.</P>
Designing an atmosphere controlling hollow fiber membrane system for mango preservation
Hong Liu,Linxiang Fu,Huan Liu,Caili Zhang,Bing Cao,Pei Li 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.7
We devised an atmosphere controlling facility to gain a longer life span for mango. A membrane module made of polyethersulfone/polydimethylsiloxane (PES/PDMS) composite membrane was applied to selectively permeate CO2 from the gas mixture of the fruit container. To design the membrane separation system, two models were introduced into our mathematical simulations: (1) an equilibrium model giving the optimal membrane area, the compositions of CO2 and O2 in the fruit container, feed flow rate and pressures on both the feed and permeate sides of the module, and (2) a dynamic model simulating the change in the gas composition of the fruit container with time. The pressure build-up in the bore side of the hollow fiber was also discussed using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. The best membrane module configuration was obtained based on the pressure build-up analysis. That was (1) the vacuum pressure should be set at 0.1 bar, (2) the hollow fiber inner diameter should be 0.45mm, and (3) the vacuum should be applied at both ends of the hollow fiber bore sides.