강제환우와 보존기간이 난질에 미치는 영향

오홍록,이봉덕,이수기,류현덕,유동조 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forced molting and egg storage time on the various egg qualities. A total of 240 ISA Brown layers (60 wk of age) were employed as the unmolted treatment (Control). Two hundred and forty ISA Brown layers, molted at the age of 55 wk, were used as a forced molting treatment (T1), and the same number and strain of layers, molted at the age of 70 wk. were also used as the another forced molting treatment (T2). A total of 120 eggs were sampled from each treatment, and divided into six sets, 20 eggs per set. These six sets were stored for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days at 18℃ temperature, respectively. Eggs from T1 were collected from laying hens at the age of 68 wk, which started molting at 60 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 63 wk of age. Eggs from T2 were collected from hens at 82 wk of age, which started molting at 70 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 78 wk of age. The eggshell strength of T1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Control and T2, and the storing periods did not affect the eggshell strength at all. Neither the forced molting nor the storing periods did not exert any consistent effect on the egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell color and egg yolk color. The albumin heights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the Control, and it was remarkably reduced gradually as the storage periods increased in all three treatments. The Haugh unit showed very similar trends as the albumin height, indicating that both albumin height and Haugh unit were very much related to each other. In conclusion, the forced molting improves the eggshell strength, but decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit. The storage of eggs also decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit regardless of molting.

特別寄稿論文 : 魏晉玄學的言意之辯與劉協意象論的關係

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ),유효홍 ( Xiao Hong Liu ) 한국사상문화학회 2009 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.50 No.-

魏晉南北朝時期는 경학이 쇠퇴하면서 여러 가지 사상이 다시 대두하기 시작하였는데 특히 晉代에 玄風이 성행하면서 허무를 숭상하고 세상을 피하는 소극적 은둔사상이 신속하게 발전하기 시작하였다. 正始 年間에 王弼과 何晏을 비롯한 일련의 사상가들은 노장사상에 입각하여 유가의 경전을 해석하였으니, 우리는 이런 사상을 玄學이라고 한다. 이 현학은 통치자들 뿐만 아니라 상당수의 지식인들의 사유체계와 시대적 분위기를 반영하는 시대조류로 확인되어 죽림칠현이 출현하는 등 사회적 관심사가 되었던 것이다. 특히 이들은 노장 계열의 언어관, 즉 언어는 개인의 사상을 다 표현하기 힘들다는 명제를 적극 수용하면서 문학 창작에 있어서 언어와 사고의 관계에 관한 적지 않은 논의를 야기 시켰으며, 이런 관점을 우리는 言意之辯이라고 한다. 주지하는 바와 같이 劉協은 南朝의 齊梁年間에 살았으므로 이미 현학의 전성기가 지나간 시기에 해당되어 얼핏 보기에 이런 시대 조류와 무관한 시대를 살다간 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 그는 문학사상의 영역에서 현학의 적지 않은 영향을 받아 그의 대작 ≪文心雕龍≫에는 현학의 상당한 흔적을 찾아볼 수 있다. 물론 그의 주된 사상이 儒家思想이면서 道佛의 영향을 받은 복합적인 면모를 고려하면 더욱 그러하다. 유협은 이미 현학이 함축하고 있는 시대와의 불화에 주목하면서도 그 현학이 갖는 문학적 사유의 주요한 측면인 언어와 사고의 관계에 주목했다는 점이다. 역설적이지만 우리는 위진의 현학으로 야기된 문학의 좋지 않은 실제 창작스타일에 대해 유협이 매우 비판적이라는 점도 인정한다. 그러면서도 우리가 간과해서는 안 될 사안은 유협은 현학의 부정적 측면을 비판하면서도 그에 영향을 받은 당시의 작가들의 창작과 이론에 상당한 의미를 부여하면서, 특히 현학의 중심 화두이기도 한 言意의 문제를 적극 수용하여 문학 창작이론의 핵심 사안으로 삼았다는 점이다. 우리가 ≪文心雕龍≫을 보면 적지 않은 부분에서 玄理를 문학이론의 영역으로 끌어들여 자신의 문론을 전개하는 것을 보면 그가 문학 창작론의 첫머리인 `神思` 편을 중심으로 전개하는 `언부진의`론의 문제가 충분히 논의할 만한 가치가 있는 것으로 평가된다. 그가 이 책의 저술 동기에서도 말한 바있듯이 꿈에서도 공자를 볼 정도라는 그가 문학의 원론은 원도, 징성, 종경을 내세우면서 다시 창작론에서는 `言不盡意`론을 수용한다는 것은 모순적인 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 본고를 통해 필자는 유협이 말하고자 하는 意象이란 言、象、意 세 가지 가 반드시 유기적으로 융합하여 탄생한 것이라는 점을 주목했다는 점에 주목하면서, 유협이 言意關係에 대해 논의함에 있어 주로 혜康 등의 言不盡意論과 王弼의 得意忘言論을 기초로 삼으면서 歐陽建의 言盡意論도 고려하는 절충의 방식으로 이들이 자신의 의상론과 연계되어 있다는 사실을 검토하였다. 유협은 언어와 의상의 이원론에 입각하면서도 의상론에 있어서 언어의 작용과 효용이 매우 크다는 점을 확실히 인지하였던 것이다. 그 주된 관점은 주로 言意관계를 言、象、意라는 세 가지 측면으로 분리하여 "象"이 言意의 사이에서 갖는 中介性을 강조하고 있다는 사실도 본고를 통해 확인되었다. 유협이 말하는 "象"은 곧 意象이며 이는 문학 창작 중에 객관사물이 작자의 두뇌 속에서 존재하는 형상이다. 여기서"객관사물"이란 실체가 있고 구체적인 것이지만, 두뇌속의 형상은 비어있고 추상적인 것이다. 이 두 가지가 결합한 `의상`은 이 양자 사이에 존재하는 제 3의 공간이다. 이런 면에서 볼 때 유협이 의상의 작용을 중시하여 "獨照之匠, 窺意象而運斤"(<神思>篇)이라든지 "神用象通, 情變所孕"(<神思>篇)라고 한 것은 그가 언의지변과의 영향을 받은 것인 동시에 아울러 그의 의상론과의 관계를 입증시켜 주는 중요한 예다. 유협이 제시한 이론은 자칫 원론적인 면에서 그 한계를 드러낸다고 볼 수 있으니, 그가 문학창작의 실제적 과정 속에 존재하는 다양한 문제점에만 주목하고 그 실제적인 해결 방안모색에는 소홀했다는 점에 우리는 그 아쉬움을 지적하지 않을 수 없다. As all people know about it, Liu xie was largely affected by Profound learning which is included in his masterpiece Wen Xin Diao Long. Profound learning is His literature theory especially notes Confucian ideas and has comprehensive aspects in that Taoism and Buddhism had an effect on it. However, Profound learning had bad effects on literature and we can infer that Liu xie had critical perspective on this atmosphere. Namely, in unique circumstances of profound learning, Liu Xie was not included in these ideas and made this theory more comprehensive by taking advantages and complaining disadvantages among these ideas. Furthermore, when we read Wen Xin Diao Long, we can notice that he made his own literature theory by taking Profound learning in many sections. The viewpoint, which we cannot express own ideas, is main point of the theory of creating literature. Liu xie noted that Imaginative power of the author is comprised of language, image, idea. There is famous saying of Wang bi; When we acquire idea, we immediately forget language. Liu xie changed this to his theory of creating literature. The bottom line is that Liu xie segregated relation between language and image, then formed it as language, idea, and image. He emphasizes the connection between language and image. The image he says is verbal image and this is the formation existing in the brain of the author when creating literary works. In conclusion, objective subject author tries to express is tangible and concrete. Meanwhile, the image in the mind of the author is nonobjective. Liu xie regarded Verbal image comprised of the two as the third space between both things. We cannot help noting that he did not endeavor to find out actual method to solve but notice various problems.

Expression and Prognostic Implications of FOXO3a and Ki67 in Lung Adenocarcinomas

Liu, Hong-Bin,Gao, Xiang-Xiang,Zhang, Qing,Liu, Jian,Cui, Yuan,Zhu, Yan,Liu, Yi-Fei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

To investigate the significance of FOXO3a and Ki67 in human lung adenocarcinomas. Envision immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to examine the protein expression of FOXO3a in 127 cases of human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. The positive rate in lung adenocarcinoma (55.9%) was lower than that in normal tissues (80%). We found that the expression of FOXO3a was closely related with the degree of differentiation, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and survival. In addition, significant differences in the different pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma cases (P<0.01). The FOXO3a positive rate of the acini as the main type (APA) (86.7%) and the lepidic as the main type (LPA) (82.4%) was higher than the solid as the main type (SPA) (50.0%), the papilla as the main type (PPA) (42.9%) and the micropapilla as the main type (MPA) (9.4%). Moreover, the expression of FOXO3a was negatively related with Ki67 expression. Our results suggested that the expression of FOXO3a is closely correlated with the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma. It was indicated that disregulation of FOXO3a might play key roles in the occurrence and development of lung a denocarcinoma and joint detection of the two markers might play an important role in diagnosing tumors.

Formation and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Arrays of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles under Langmuir Monolayers of n-Hexadecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate

Hong-Guo Liu,Fei Xiao,Hong-Guo Liu 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.12

Two-dimensional arrays of silver oxide nanoparticles were prepared by oxidation of silver nanoparticle arrays in air. The silver nanoparticle arrays were formed by illuminating the composite Langmuir monolayers of nhexadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (n-HDP)/ethyl stearate (ES)/Ag+ at the air-water interface by daylight. The average diameters of the nanoclusters is found to be 2.32 ± 0.89, 2.97 ± 0.78, and 4.94 ± 0.57 nm, respectively, depending on the experimental conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations indicate the formation of silver oxide nanoparticles. The possible formation mechanism of the 2D arrays should be attributed to the templating effect of parallel aligned linear supramolecular rows of n-HDP formed at the air-water interface.

Hybrid Patterns Recognition of Control Chart Based on WA-PCA-PSO-SVM

Liu Yan-zhong,Zhang Hong-lie,Liu Yan-ju,Jiang Jin-gang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.10

Based on the analysis of the defect of traditional model, this paper proposes a new control chart pattern recognition model, which includes Wavelet Analysis (WA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). WA is good to eliminate noise control chart anomaly pattern recognition of the adverse effect. PCA eliminates the redundant information of data between SVM and reduces the input dimension and computational complexity. PSO algorithm optimizes the parameters of SVM and the establishment of the optimal control chart anomaly pattern classifier can solve the problem optimal parameters of SVM. The simulation results show that the model is feasible, the results are reliable. This algorithm improves the control chart abnormal state average recognition accuracy and be used in the machining process real-time monitoring.

Sputum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways and Signatures Associated With Inflammatory Phenotypes in Patients With Asthma

Liu Ying,Zhang Xin,Zhang Li,Oliver Brian G,Wang Hong Guang,Liu Zhi Peng,Chen Zhi Hong,Wood Lisa,Hsu Alan Chen-Yu,Xie Min,McDonald Vanessa,Wan Hua Jing,Luo Feng Ming,Liu Dan,Li Wei Min,Wang Gang 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: The molecular links between metabolism and inflammation that drive different inflammatory phenotypes in asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures and underlying molecular pathways of different inflammatory asthma phenotypes. Methods: In the discovery set (n = 119), untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to characterize the induced sputum metabolic profiles of asthmatic patients with different inflammatory phenotypes using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway topology enrichment analysis. In the validation set (n = 114), differential metabolites were selected to perform targeted quantification. Correlations between targeted metabolites and clinical indices in asthmatic patients were analyzed. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were established to assess the association between metabolites and severe asthma exacerbations. Results: Seventy-seven differential metabolites were identified in the discovery set. Pathway topology analysis uncovered that histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were involved in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes. In the validation set, 24 targeted quantification metabolites were significantly expressed between asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (adjusted relative risk [adj RR] = 1.000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.050), allantoin (adj RR = 1.000; 95% CI = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.043) and nicotinamide (adj RR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002; P = 0.021) were demonstrated to predict severe asthma exacerbation rates. Conclusions: Different inflammatory asthma phenotypes have specific metabolic profiles in induced sputum. The potential metabolic signatures may identify therapeutic targets in different inflammatory asthma phenotypes.

Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts antiinflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Hong-Lin Xu,Guang-Hong Chen,Yu-Ting Wu,Ling-Peng Xie,Zhang-Bin Tan,Bin Liu,Hui-Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Chen,Gui-Qiong Huang,Min Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1b. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescence-labeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

Cadmium induces apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts through caspase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Hong-Yan Zhao,Wei Liu,Yi Wang,Nannan Dai,Jian-Hong Gu,Yan Yuan,Xue-Zhong Liu,Jian-Chun Bian,Zong-Ping Liu 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanismsof Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increasedconcentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylationof p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor(SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidativestress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formationof reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediatedby caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.

Corrigendum to "Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway" [J Ginseng Res 46 (2022) 156-166]

Xu, Hong-Lin,Chen, Guang-Hong,Wu, Yu-Ting,Xie, Ling-Peng,Tan, Zhang-Bin,Liu, Bin,Fan, Hui-Jie,Chen, Hong-Mei,Huang, Gui-Qiong,Liu, Min,Zhou, Ying-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.2

Steel Bridge Construction of Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

Wen-bo Gao,Quan-ke Su,Jin-wen Zhang,Hong-bing Xie,Feng Wen,Fang Li,Ji-zhu Liu 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.5

The 55-km-long Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the world’s longest sea-crossing bridge, connecting Hong Kong with Zhuhai and Macao at the mouth of the Pearl River Estuary in China, comprising 22.9-km-long steel bridges. HZMB is the leading steel bridge in China, with top-level manufacturing and installation technology. This paper outlines the steel bridge construction experiences of HZMB to provide comparisons for the construction of other long sea-crossing steel bridges at home or abroad. The main considerations of construction constraints, scheme selection, structural and aesthetic design of HZMB are presented, and the following points related to new strategies in the steel bridge construction of HZMB are elaborated: (1) construction quality assurance, (2) automatic manufacturing technology, (3) large segment off shore installation, (4) eco-friendly paint (content limitation of volatile organic compounds) and new multifunctional inspection gantry, and (5) Guss Mastic Asphalt steel deck pavement system. The successful implementation of those strategies shows that the steel bridge construction of HZMB promotes improvement in the overall construction and management level of the Chinese bridge industry. The advanced experience of HZMB has opened up broad prospects for the design and construction of off shore bridge engineering in China.