From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

Aik Sang Busik System의 유기물제거특성과 Activated Sludge System과의 연계처리에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,김성진 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

In ASBS(Aik Sang Busik System), removal efficiency of TSS was increased abut 10.5%, 9% in COD_Mn and COD_Cr, respectively as the air inflow was increased from 7.3 l/min to 11.04 l/min, The same processing also improved removal efficiency of DSS by 21.1% in COD_MN, 23.1% in COD_Cr and 36% in BOD_5. When the effluent of ASBS was treated by Activated Sludge System, removal efficiency of TSS and DSS was about 45∼60% and 25∼60%. Respectively the results may be derived from lower DSS compared with TSS in effluent of Aik Sang Busik System.

용담댐 유역의 오염부하량과 수질특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the water quality of the Yongdam dam, samples were collected 4 times during this study period at four stations each season. The water quality of the Youngdam as water temperature 20.1℃, pH 7.9, DO 10㎎/ℓ, BOD 2.1㎎/ℓ, SS 3.9㎎/ℓ, T-N 1.029㎎/ℓ, T-P 0.026㎎/ℓ was measured. This study was investigated for the pollution load of water quality in the basin of Yongdam. Pollution loading ; that BOD 27,646.7㎏/d, SS 104,508.5㎏/d, T-N 5,049㎏/d, and T-P 2,582㎏/d was estimated respectively. According to the inflowing stream loading, BOD loading was caused by livestock, population and land sequentially. SS, T-N, and T-P were contributed to livestock, population and land sequentially.

소양천의 수질현황 및 영양도 판정에 관한 고찰

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This study was performed in order to estimate the water quality and the trophic state for Soyang Stream. To investigate the water quality of Soyang Stream, samples were collected 3 times during this study period at seven points. The water quality criteria of the Soyang Stream is polluted over second grade. Particularly, Soyang chun were polluted highly from pollution of the branches. By using the standards of EPA, the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, this study was done the present condition of trophication for Soyang Stream. The limiting factor of Soyang Stream was T-P by the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto and the standard of Vollenweider. By using the standards of EPA, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, the result was "eutrophic" at all points of Soyang Stream.

도시하천의 수자원 최적활용을 위한 종합 수질관리

정팔진,김민정,김종신 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The aims of this study is to develop the theoretical basis for a more efficient utilization of the water quality management and its application to the management of water resources of the urban system, thus leading to a more integrated water management system for a more optimum use of the water resources. The results of study is summarized below. Hydraulic and hydrological studies were carried out on sites at Chonju(Chonju-cheon, sam-cheon). The following results are obtained. In the Chonju city area, the flow rate of the urban stream, Sam-cheon, is influenced by the quantity of domestic wastewater being discharged into the receiving body, which can have significant effct on its water quality. On the other hand, Chonju cheon is affected by the domestic wastewater as well as by the effluence of the industrial wastewater. The urban streams of the Chonju city run through the center of the city and the neighbouring industrial complex. The wasters of these urban streams are found to contain high levels of suspended materials causing high turbidity, and odours resulting from degradation of organic matters.

Aik Sang Busik System내의 종속영양세균의 분포 및 특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김성진,김민정 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Aik Sang Busik System(ASBS) was developmented in Japan. In currently, this system is operating at many night soil treatment plants in our country. The purpose of this study is to exame the effects of heterotrophic bacteria on the aeration basin of this system to remove organic compounds. As a result of tests, isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 115 genes. The predominant gene is Acaligenus spp which about 32 percent of isolated genes. Because the floc foming bacteria of isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 54 percent, a major removal mechanism for organic compounds in this system depends on the floc foming bacteria. The total amount of hetrotrophic bacteria is 2.32×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, which is a little lower than that in the activated sludge system. As liquid degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.57×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.22×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖10^7, protein degradable heterotrophic bactera are 1.48×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, The distribution of liquid, protein, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are similar to that of the sludge system.

조류성장잠재력(AGP) 시험에 의한 섬진강의 조류생장 제한영양염의 추정

정팔진,김민정,김종신 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

Algal Growth Potential spike test of Sumjin River were carried out in order to identify algal growth limiting constituents. To investigate the water quality of Sumjin river, samples were collected 8 times during this study period at five station. BOD, T-N and T-P loading were sequentially caused by live stock, human activity, land and fish farm. The amount of BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated were respectively 12,165.1㎏/d, 2,416.9㎏/d and 1,119.8㎏/d. Particularly, 69 percent of total BOD loading, 66 percent of T-N and 92 percent of T-P loading resulted from live stock. Among the tested sites, W-1 point water greadly produced biomass up to 14㎎ dry weight of Selenastrum capricornutum/ℓ due to the fact that 0.1㎎ PO_4-P/ℓ addition of orther constituents are excessive. Therefore, Sumjin River were identified as extremely phosphorus-limited water for algal growth.

용담댐 유역 영양염의 연중, 계절적 변화 및 지역적 분포

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The water quality criteria of the Yongdam basin is polluted over second grade. Trophic state in the area indicate supper eutrophic state. This study was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of the nutrient, and to find the interrelationships among them, focusing upon the eutrophication in the Yongdam dam basin. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Nutrients was estimated as total nitrogen of 1.021∼1,034㎎/ℓ. 2. The trophic state was supper entrophic, and the state of DO level was supersaturation in spite of high organic loads from the each tributary. 3. The limiting factor of the reservoir is T-P, according to the criteria of eutrophication. 4. After Dam construction, T-P concentration of 26㎎/㎥ and Korea Trophic State Index of 50 were predicted.