NAGATA回路의 負性抵抗特性

朴成漢,李健一 경북대학교 공과대학 1974 工大硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Nagata's negative resistance circuit, which consists of complementary transistors, presents wide-range linear and stable negative resistance characteristics. These characteristics are controlled by the choice of a resistor and indepependent of transistor parameters. The i-ν characteristic of this circuit is an S-curve and is very similar to that of SCR. The peak input voltage of the circuit is controlled by the load resirtor R_c of the first transistor, and the trigger current to the base of the first transistor. It increases linearly with the log (1/R_c) and the trigger current.

線型 位相 特性을 지닌 多重 노치필터의 具現

고광식,박용완,김영모,이건일 경북대학교 공과대학 1985 工大硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to advocate a simple approach for realizing a real time linear-phased multiple notch filter(MNF) using a modified concept of the MFIR(multiplicative finite impulse response) filter. It is shown that the proposed MNF is quite effective for eliminating low frequencies and their harmonics, and also for offering an economical solution because it requires no multipliers and uses limited adders and memories. In this paper, we will describe the theoretical MNF approach, the hardware, the software and the noise analysis of the proposed MNF.

소아 상완골 과상부 골절에 대한 임상적 고찰

이광진,박건영,오선태 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

In the pediatric age group, the supracondylar fracture of humerus is the second most common fracture after that of the forearm. But the supracondylar fracture of humerus in children has a greater rate of rereduction, nerve injury, surgical intervention, and poor results than any other type of extremity fracture. Forty eight cases of 48 children with the supracondylar fracture of humerus who had been treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital from February, 1986 to January, 1991, were analyzed retrospectively for the methods of treatment and its results. 1. The mean age of the patients was 8.3 years, ranging from one to fourteen years. 26 boys and 22 girls with minimum six months follow-up were included in this sudy and the most of the causes of injuries were silp-down(45.8%) and fall-down from height(50.0%). 2. Of all fractures, the extension type was 46 cases(95.8%) and the flexion type was 2 cases(4.2%). 3. Accoding to the classification by Pirone et al., fractures were classificated to type Ⅰ in 2 cases, type Ⅱ-A in 6, type Ⅱ-B in 14 and type Ⅲ in 26 cases. 4. There were 8 cases of concomitant peripheral nerve injuries, radial nerve palsy in 6, ulnar nerve in 1 and median nerve in 1 case. 5. The treatment were consisted of closed reduction and casting in 10, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 20, and open reduction and multiple pinning in 18 cases with or without preoperative skeletal traction. 6. The clinical and radiological results were Excellent in 22(45.8%), Good in 13(27.1%), Fair in 8(16.7%) and Poor in 5(10.8%) cases, according to the criteria of Flynn. 7. The closed reduction and percutaneous pinnings of 20 cases were rated Excellent and Good results in 18(90.0%) cases and these results were superior to another methods of treatment. So we concluded that the closed reduction and percutaneous pinnings was simple, safe and effective method of the treatment for the supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. But it was technically difficult to reduce the displaced fracture satisfactory by closed manipulation and in these cases, the open reduction was still indicated.

원내감염 실태조사 경험 : 원내감염과 원내환경

김재식,이원길,박정한,이건일 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 원내감염실태를 조사한 경험을 당시 노출되었을 때 발생하였을 주변사정 때문에 시간이 상당히 경과한 지금에 와서 겨우 당시 경북대학교병원내 병원감염을 조사한 것을 앞으로 병원감염관리에 참고 자료로 하기 위하여 본 경험을 발표한다. 재료 및 방법 : 400명의 대상 환자들이 신규로 입원할 때 부터 퇴원을 할 때까지 매일 한 번씩 병력지를 검토하고 환자를 방문하여 작성하고 작성된 조사표에 해당 항목별로 기록하고 원내감염의 감별은 Senic project의 기준에 의하였으며 원내감염발생율과 원내환경으로 구분하여 조사하였고 후자는 균배양 동정을 시행하였다. 결과 : 운내감염발생율에 있어서는 당시 1983년 전후 일정기간동안 원내감염 발생률은 9.0%이었으며 원내감염 발생은 의료수기의 빈도가 큰 정형외과와 일반외과에서 특히 높았다. 원내환경에 있어서는 수술과정, 수술실내와 병동내에서 사용되고 있는 의료기자재와 소독약 zephirane에서 균배양 양성이었다. 균종으로는 Serratia, Pseudornas, Klebsiela와 Staphylococcus등이었다. 결론 : 이상의 성적을 종합하면 결론적으로 비교적 높은 원내감염율은 관련의사, 진료보조원 및 신중한 항생물질의 사용 등에 대한 대책을 필요로 하며 항생제 남용을 피하고 그때 그때 병력지 기록의 중요성을 암시하며 원내감염의 근원이 되는 원내환경의 철저한 관리가 필요하다. One experience of investigation of hospital infection in Kyungpook National University Hospital around 1983 was summarized as follows though postponed report with surrounding conditions was inevitable. The patient charts were reviwed daily and recorded the hospital infection data collection sheet according to items by visiting patients. The hospital infection was differentiated on the basis of Senic project. In incidence of hospital infection the rate of hospital infection of in-patient was 9.0% and it was nore high in more frequent usage of medical manipulation like surgical dressing and instrumentation. The use of antibiotic was more frequent in more frequent hospital infection sites. Medical recording was inapproproate in most cases. In hospital environment bacterial organisms were cultivated from various conditions on sites as surgical operation and dressing and ward procedure like urethral catheterization in operation room and ward. Bacterial organisms were cultivated from various conditions in operating room and ward and particularly from zephirane(antisepic). Organisms were Serratia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus etc. A cautious prevention of hospital infedtion was highoy recommended against medical doctors especially and related paramedical personnel as nurse, as well as satistactory medical recording. The hospital environment control is strongly reccmmended.

Thermal Stability and Lifetime Prediction of PAG and POE Oils for a Refrigeration System

Park, Keun-Seo,Kang, Byung-Ha,Park, Kyoung-Kuhn,Kim, Suk-Hyun The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2007 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.15 No.2

An experimental study has been carried out to analyze the thermal stability and to estimate the lifetime of refrigerating lubricants. PAG and POE oil are considered as test oils in this study. The viscosity of PAG and POE oil was measured by the vibration type viscometer while temperature is varied periodically in the range of $0^{\circ}C{\sim}100^{\circ}C$. In order to estimate lifetime of PAG and POE oil with temperature, the viscosity was measured while the test temperature of oils was maintained continuously at $180,\;200\;and\;220^{\circ}C$. The lifetime of oils is estimated as the decrease in viscosity change by 15%. The results indicate that the reduction rates of viscosity of PAG and POE oil are less than 5% after 510 temperature variation cycles. However, when the oils are kept at high temperature, it is found that the lifetimes of PAG oil is seen to be 244, 177 and 89 hours at the test temperature of $180,\;200\;and\;220^{\circ}C$, respectively, where as the lifetimes of POE oil are estimated to be 1,744, 1,007 and 334 hours at the temperature of $180,\;200\;and\;220^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, the lifetime of POE oil is found to be much longer than that of PAG oil. The lifetime correlations of PAG and POE oil are also obtained by Arrhenius's equation method in this paper.

Molecular drug resistance profiles of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> from sputum specimens using ion semiconductor sequencing

Park, Joonhong,Jang, Woori,Kim, Myungshin,Kim, Yonggoo,Shin, So Youn,Park, Kuhn,Kim, Myung Sook,Shin, Soyoung Elsevier Biomedical 2018 Journal of microbiological methods Vol.145 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The increasing burden of multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB, defined by resistance to rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH), and extensively drug resistant-TB, defined by MDR-TB with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and more than one second-line injectable drug, is a serious impediment to global TB control. We evaluated the feasibility of full-length gene analysis including <I>inhA</I>, <I>katG</I>, <I>rpoB</I>, <I>pncA</I>, <I>rpsL embB</I>, <I>eis</I>, and <I>gyrA</I> using a semiconductor NGS with the Ion AmpliSeq TB panel to directly analyse 34 sputum specimens confirmed by phenotypic DST: INH, RFP, ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), amikacin, kanamycin, streptomycin (SM), FQs including ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. The molecular drug resistance profiles showed “very good” and “substantial” strength of agreement for the phenotypic DST results of RFP and EMB, PZA, SM, FQs resistance with specificities of 96%, and 88%, 97%, 100% and sensitivities of 100%, and 88%, 60%, 67%, respectively. The strength of agreement for the detection of resistance to INH was “substantial”, compared between <I>katG</I> mutation and phenotypic INH only. Ion semiconductor NGS could make possible detection of several uncommon or novel amino acid changes in the full coding regions of these eight genes. However, molecular drug resistant profile should be complemented and validated by subsequent phenotypic DST studies at the same time.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Molecular drug susceptibility of <I>M. tuberculosis</I> from sputum is proposed using NGS. </LI> <LI> The agreement between Molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility is “substantial”. </LI> <LI> Molecular drug resistance profiles can be used as predictors of phenotype DST. </LI> <LI> Molecular drug resistant profile should be complemented with phenotypic DST. </LI> </UL> </P>

Massive Empyema Associated With Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy and IgA Deficiency

Park, Kuhn,Lee, Kyung-Yil,Lee, Mi-Hee,Lee, Joon-Sung,Kim, Ji-Chang The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2009 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.24 No.2

<P>Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is originally defined as a physiological maturation defect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) production that occurs at 3-6 months of age and lasts until 18 to 36 months of age. We report here on a 22-month-old child with THI and IgA deficiency, who had massive pneumococcal empyema. Her depressed IgG level returned to normal within 6 months, but IgA level was still low at 6 yr of age. Although THI is an age-dependent and self-limiting disorder, severe infection that includes an atypical presentation of an infection may occur in some patients and this requires evaluation with immunologic study.</P>

경골 원위부 골절에서 시행한 골수강내 금속성 고정술

박기철,조영아,김영호,박태수,박예수,성일훈,황건성 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 경골 원위부 골절에서 폐쇄성 골수강내 금속정 고정술을 이용하여 치료한 18예를 대상으로 그 결과를 분석하여 이의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 5월부터 2001년 6월까지 경골 원위 골간단-간부 골절에서 골수강내 금속정 내고정술을 시행한 18예를 대상으로 하였다. 골절의 형태는 Robinson 등의 분류에 따라 제1형이 7에, 제2A형이 7예, 제2B형이 1예, 제2C형이 3예이었으며, 가장 원위부의 골절선과 족관절 사이의 길이는 평균 2.6±1.1㎝ (0~5)이었다. 전 환자에서 족관절의 기능, 골유합 시기, 합병증 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 원위 비골 골절이 동반된 10예 중 7예에서 금속판 및 나사못을 이용하여 고정하였다. 4예에서 골수정 삽입 후 부정정열을 보여 수술 중에 각각 1개의 Poller 나사를 사용하여 변형을 고정하였다. 전 예에서 골유합을 이루었고, 골유합 시기는 평균 20주 (12~40주)였다. Blaird의 방법에 의한 족관절의 평균 기능적 점수는 92.5점이었다. 1예에서 9도의 전굴 변형(antecurvatum)을 보였으나 일상생활에 지장을 초래하지는 않았다. 결 론: 경골 원위부 골절에서 골수강내 금속정 고정술은 수술에 의한 연부 조직의 손상을 최소화하고, 조기 관절 운동을 가능하게 하며, 높은 골유합률과 함께 합병증도 적어 좋은 치료 방법의 하나라고 사료된다. Purpose: This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficiency of the closed intramedullary nailing 18 cases of distal tibial fractures. Materials and Methods: From May 1999 to June 2001, eighteen patients were treated by closed intramedullary nailing for distal tibial meta-diaphyseal fracture. According to Robinson classification, there were 7 type 1 fractures, 7 type 2A fractures, 1 type 2B fractures, and 2C type fractures. The mean distance between distal end of fracture and tibial plafond was 2.6±1.1㎝ (0~5㎝). We evaluated both clinical and radiographic parameters. Results: Plate fixation of distal fibular fracture was performed in 7 cases. Poller screw was used in 4 cases which showed malalignment after insertion of nail. The mean score was 92.5 point by Blaird ankle scoring system. All patient got the bone union average of 20 weeks (12~40 weeks). In patient had a antecurvatum deformity of 9 degrees. Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing for distal tibial fracture is one of the safe and reliable method for managing these injuries.

Comparative Study on the Performance of Correlations of the Enthalpy of Vaporization for Pure Substance Refrigerants

Park Kyoung Kuhn The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2004 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.12 No.4

A few commonly used correlation equations of the enthalpy of vaporization are reviewed and a new three-parameter correlation equation is proposed. Performance of the pro­posed equation is examined using the data listed in the ASHRAE table for 22 pure substance refrigerants. The new equation yields an average absolute deviation of $0.14\%$ for 22 refrig­erants, which is better than those of other equations, such as Xiang $(0.18\%),$ Majer-Svoboda­Pick $(0.18\%),$ and Somayajulu equation $(0.23\%)$.

Application of Procedures to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide, HFC-134a and HCFC-22

Park Hyoung Joon,Park Kyoung Kuhn The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2004 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.12 No.4

Systematic methods to calculate thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide, HFC-134a and HCFC-22 are presented. First, application of a basic method to identify the saturation state with given temperature or pressure is attempted and the feasibility of auxil­iary equations is tested. Next, detailed procedures are suggested to tell a phase when tem­perature/pressure and another property are specified. Finally the Newton-Raphson method is applied to calculate unknown thermodynamic properties fixing the state with the two inde­pendent properties specified. The procedures described here are utilized to develop a computer program, which is used to find the relation between temperature and pressure with maximum isobaric heat capacity for super-critical carbon dioxide.