First Record of Orobdella tsushimensis (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Gastrostomobdellidae) from the Korean Peninsula and Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of the Specimens

Nakano, Takafumi,Seo, Hong-Yul The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2014 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.30 No.2

Specimens of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895 from Korea, including various locations in the Korean Peninsula, were identified as Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), ND1, $tRNA^{Cys}$, $tRNA^{Met}$, 12S rRNA, $tRNA^{val}$, and 16S rRNA markers show that the newly collected specimens form a monophyletic group with the known O. tsushimensis specimens. The genetic distance of COI of these specimens was in the range 0.4-6.6%. These results confirm that the newly collected specimens belong to O. tsushimensis. This is the first record of the genus Orobdella from the Korean Peninsula.

First Record of Orobdella tsushimensis (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Gastrostomobdellidae) from the Korean Peninsula and Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of the Specimens

Takafumi Nakano,Hong-Yul Seo 한국동물분류학회 2014 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.30 No.2

Specimens of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895 from Korea, including various locations in the Korean Peninsula, were identified as Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), ND1, tRNACys, tRNAM<SUP>et</SUP>, 12S rRNA, tRNA<SUP>val</SUP>, and 16S rRNA markers show that the newly collected specimens form a monophyletic group with the known O. tsushimensis specimens. The genetic distance of COI of these specimens was in the range 0.4-6.6%. These results confirm that the newly collected specimens belong to O. tsushimensis. This is the first record of the genus Orobdella from the Korean Peninsula.

Rapid Identification of blaIMP-1 and blaIMP-6 by Multiplex Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR

Akiyo Nakano,Ryuichi Nakano,Yuki Suzuki,Kyoichi Saito,Kei Kasahara,Shiro Endo,Hisakazu Yano 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.4

Dear Editor, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have acquired carbapenemase genes [1], which differ substantially across countries [2]. Transferable carbapenemase IMP-type metallo-β-lactamases, particularly IMP-1 and IMP-6, are commonly identified in the clinical setting in Japan [3, 4] and exhibit different substrate specificity despite having a difference of only one amino acid (IMP-6: Ser214Gly). IMP-1 producers are more resistant to imipenem than to meropenem, whereas IMP-6 producers are more resistant to meropenem [5]. We previously found that the susceptibility rate of IMP-6-positive Escherichia coli was higher for imipenem than for meropenem [3]. Thus, IMP-6-producing isolates may be erroneously categorized as imipenem-susceptible, which could lead to treatment failure in patients.

Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) Supplementation Decreases Dioxin and Increases Immunoglobulin A Concentrations in Breast Milk

Masuo Nakano,Shiro Nakano,Hideo Takekoshi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1

In addition to meeting nutritional requirements, breast milk plays important roles in biodefense for nursing in-fants. Dioxins have been detected at high concentrations in breast milk, raising concerns about disorders in nursing infantscaused by breast milk containing dioxins in Japan. We analyzed dioxin levels in breast milk and maternal blood samples from35 pregnant women in Japan. We also measured immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentrations in breast milk and investigated cor-relations with dioxin concentrations. In addition, 18 of the 35 women took Chlorella pyrenoidosa(Chlorella) supplementsduring pregnancy, and the effects on dioxin and IgA concentrations in breast milk were investigated. Toxic equivalents weresignificantly lower in the breast milk of women taking Chlorellatablets than in the Control group (P. .003). These resultssuggest that Chlorellasupplementation by the mother may reduce transfer of dioxins to the child through breast milk. No sig-nificant correlation was identified between dioxin and IgA concentrations in breast milk in the Control group. It is unlikelythat normal levels of dioxin exposure via food have a remarkable influence on IgA in breast milk. IgA concentrations in breastmilk in the Chlorellagroup were significantly higher than in the Control group (P. .03). Increasing IgA levels in breast milkis considered to be effective for reducing the risk of infection in nursing infants. The present results suggest that Chlorellasupplementation not only reduces dioxin levels in breast milk, but may also have beneficial effects on nursing infants by in-creasing IgA levels in breast milk.

New Record of Land Leech Orobdella tsushimensis (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Orobdellidae) in Korea

Hong-Yul Seo,Takafumi Nakano 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

New record of family of arhynchobdellida leeches (Orobdellidae) from Gageodo Island is presented. We have surveyed for land leeches in Korea from July to September in 2011 and found 1 species. This is Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011, reported for the first time in Korean Peninsula. This species gets the following characteristics: IV unianulate; 1/2+5 annuli between gonopores; bottle-shaped gastroporal duct; and epididymides in XVII–XIX. According to their morphological features, the diagnosis of O. tsushimensis is slightly emended. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12SrDNA, tRNAVal and 16SrDNA markers show that the Orobdella specimen from Gageodo Isl. and O. tsushimensis from Tsushima Island, Japan, form a monophyletic clade and also confirm the identification of the Orobdella specimens from Gageodo Isl.

Herpes Simplex Virus Targeting to the EGF Receptor by a gD-Specific Soluble Bridging Molecule

Nakano, Kenji,Asano, Ryutaro,Tsumoto, Kouhei,Kwon, Heechung,Goins, William F.,Kumagai, Izumi,Cohen, Justus B.,Glorioso, Joseph C. Elsevier 2005 MOLECULAR THERAPY Vol.11 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters cells via initial binding of envelope glycoproteins (g) C and B to cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and subsequent membrane fusion involving envelope gD, gB, and gH/gL. Current insights suggest that the fusion process is initiated by interaction of gD with a cognate cellular receptor, such as the widely distributed cell adhesion molecule nectin-1. To redirect the tropism of HSV-1, we have generated a soluble adapter protein (P-V528LH) comprising the gD-binding variable domain of nectin-1 fused to a single-chain antibody (528LH) recognizing the EGF receptor. The adapter molecule enabled HSV-1 entry into naturally nonpermissive CHO cells expressing the human EGF receptor, but not into CHO cells lacking the receptor, and entry was not observed when the antibody portion of the adapter was replaced with an antibody of different specificity. Adapter-mediated entry increased with the viral dose and was nearly as efficient as direct viral entry into nectin-1-bearing CHO cells. Entry depended on viral gD and was diminished in the absence of cellular GAGs. These experiments represent the first demonstration that a soluble molecule can direct HSV infection via a new receptor, supporting the possible utility of this approach for HSV retargeting.</P>

Ssangsŏng Ch’onggwanbu as the Border between Koryŏ and Yuan Dynasty

Nakano Kota(나카노 고우타) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2013 International Journal of Korean History Vol.18 No.1

1258년부터 1356년까지의 약100년간 존재한 쌍성총관부(雙城摠管府)는 元이 고려 동북부에 세운 지배기구이다. 쌍성총관부는 100년 동안 유지되었다는 특수성과 이성계 가문의 세력기반이라는 정치적 중요성 때문에 연구자들의 주목을 끌어 왔다. 쌍성총관부에 관한 기존연구는 고려와 쌍성의 관계를 검토한 것이 대부분이고 元과의 관계를 충분히 검토하지 않았다. 본고는 쌍성과 元, 그리고 고려와의 관계를 검토함으로써 쌍성총관부가 元과 고려 사이에서 어떻게 존속했는가를 밝히려고 했다. 그 검토를 통해 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 元은 쌍성을 고려의 일부분 아니면 고려와 女眞의 경계지역 정도로 인식하고 자기의 영토로서 그리 중시하지 않았던 것 같다. 元은 금의 공납을 받는 대신 쌍성총관의 지배권을 인정했으나 고려가 금의 공납을 약속하자 元은 고려의 쌍성수복을 묵인했다. 쌍성총관부와 고려의 관계는 원래 적대적이었다. 1287년에 元에서 乃顔 · 合丹의 난이 일어나자 고려는 그 기회를 이용해 쌍성수복을 시도했으나 성공하지 못했다. 그러나 이 난을 계기로 고려의 영향력이 커지고 쌍성 내부 세력들도 고려와의 관계를 중시하기 시작했다. 그 결과 쌍성은 조림 형제의 출사로 볼 수 있듯이 고려에 대해 의존하게 되었다. 쌍성총관부는 元과 고려라는 자기보다 큰 두개 세력을 균형있게 이용함으로써 100년 가까이나 살아남을 수 있었다. 쌍성에서 고려왕에 대해 비교적 자립적인 이성계 세력이 성장할 수 있던 이유도 쌍성총관부의 이런 성격으로 이해할 수 있지 않을까 한다. Ssangs?ng Ch’onggwanbu, which existed for about 100 years between 1258 and 1356, was a governing body established by Yuan in the northeastern part of Kory?. It has drawn the attention of researchers owing to its survival for a century and the political importance as the power base of Yi S?nggye’s family. Most of the previous studies about Ssangs?ng Ch’onggwanbu have focused on the relationship between it and Kory?. This paper sheds light on the relationship between it and Yuan and Kory? in an attempt to see how it continued to exist between those two stronger powers. It appears that Yuan did not attach great importance to Ssangs?ng, viewing it as a part of Kory? or the border between Kory? and the Jurchen. Yuan allowed general superintendents to exert their right of control over the Ssangs?ng area in return for their submittal of part of their gold production to Yuan as tax, but when Kory? recovered Ssangs?ng and promised to continue to submit part of gold production to Yuan, Yuan made no protest. The leadership of Ssangs?ng Ch’onggwanbu took a hostile attitude toward Kory?. In 1287, when Nayan and Qada’an staged a rebellion against Emperor Shizu in Yuan, Kory? tried to take advantage of the situation as an opportunity to recover Ssangs?ng, but in vain. However, Kory? came to exert stronger influence on the area following the rebellion and the people in Ssangs?ng started to attach more importance to the relationship with Kory?. As a result, Ssangs?ng came to rely on Kory?, as shown by Cho Rim and his brother serving in the Kory? officialdom. Ssangs?ng Ch’onggwanbu was able to survive for a century by taking a balanced position toward Kory? and Yuan. Yi S?nggye could build his power there as a faction relatively independent of the Kory? Dynasty apparently thanks to the unique status that Ssangs?ng Ch’onggwanbu maintained.

In Vitro Combinatorial Mutagenesis of the 65th and 222nd Positions of the Green Fluorescent Protein of Aequarea victoria

Nakano, Hideo,Okumura, Reiko,Goto, Chinatsu,Yamane, Tsuneo The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.5

By the in vitro combinatorial mutagenesis, which is a sequential reaction of PCR mutagenesis and in vitro coupled transcription/translation with Escherichia coli S30 extract, S65 and E222 of green fluorescent protein of Aequarea victoria were comprehensively changed to all possible combinations of amino acids, thus totally 400 mutant (including a wild type) proteins were simultaneously produced and their fluorescent properties were analyzed. Although a few mutations had been reported so far at the 222nd position, replacement E222 to all other19 amino acids gave fluorescent signal to the mutants by changing Ser 65 to Ala together. Among the mutants, replacement to G, A, S, Q, H and C gave relatively high fluorescence. The in vitro combinatorial mutagenesis, therefore, has been proved valuable for comprehensive structure-function studies of proteins.

¹²³I-Labeled oxLDL Is Widely Distributed Throughout the Whole Body in Mice

Nakano, Atushi,Kawashima, Hidekazu,Miyake, Yoshinori,Zeniya, Tsutomu,Yamamoto, Akihide,Koshino, Kazuhiro,Temma, Takashi,Fukuda, Tetsuya,Fujita, Yoshiko,Kakino, Akemi,Kanaya, Shigehiko,Sawamura, Tatsuy 대한핵의학회 2018 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.52 No.2

Purpose Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess blood clearance and in vivo kinetics of radiolabeled oxLDL in mice. Methods We synthesized $^{123}I-oxLDL$ by the iodine monochloride method, and performed an uptake study in CHO cells transfected with lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). In addition, we evaluated the consistency between the $^{123}I-oxLDL$ autoradiogram and the fluorescence image of DiI-oxLDL after intravenous injection for both spleen and liver. Whole-body dynamic planar images were acquired 10 min post injection of $^{123}I-oxLDL$ to generate regional time-activity curves (TACs) of the liver, heart, lungs, kidney, head, and abdomen. Regional radioactivity for those excised tissues as well as the bladder, stomach, gut, and thyroid were assessed using a gamma counter, yielding percent injected dose (%ID) and dose uptake ratio (DUR). The presence of $^{123}I-oxLDL$ in serum was assessed by radio-HPLC. Results The cellular uptakes of $^{123}I-oxLDL$ were identical to those of DiI-oxLDL, and autoradiograms and fluorescence images also exhibited consistent distributions. TACs after injection of $^{123}I-oxLDL$ demonstrated extremely fast kinetics. The radioactivity uptake at 10 min post-injection was highest in the liver ($40.8{\pm}2.4%$ ID). Notably, radioactivity uptake was equivalent throughout the rest of the body ($39.4{\pm}2.7%$ ID). HPLC analysis revealed no remaining $^{123}I-oxLDL$ or its metabolites in the blood. Conclusion $^{123}I-oxLDL$ was widely distributed not only in the liver, but also throughout the whole body, providing insight into the pathophysiological effects of oxLDL.

Heritage Soft Power in East Asia's Memory Contests: Promoting and Objecting to Dissonant Heritage in UNESCO

Nakano, Ryoko World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2018 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.17 No.1

Heritage has entered the center stage of public diplomacy in East Asia. Competition to claim and interpret memories of World War II in East Asia has driven campaigns to list heritage items with UNESCO. State and non-state actors aim to use heritage listings to present a particular view of the war and related history to domestic and international audiences. This paper highlights the role of heritage soft power in East Asia's "memory contests" by examining the promotion of dissonant modern heritage in UNESCO's heritage programs. It conceptualizes heritage designation as a soft power resource in East Asia and presents a conceptual framework for understanding the hegemonic competition over the "memory regime" that emerged from the structural change in East Asia's regional order. It then uses this framework to analyze the processes by which state and non-state actors promote and/or object to UNESCO recognition of their sites and documents as heritage of outstanding universal value or world significance. The elements of this process are illustrated with case studies of two very different pieces of heritage, Japan's "Sites of the Meiji Industrial Revolution" and China's "Documents of Nanjing Massacre," which were enshrined as significant world heritage in 2015. While state and non-state actors in East Asia are increasingly recognizing the utility of heritage as a soft power resource for advancing specific historical narratives to an international audience, a backlash movement from civil society groups and governments in other countries prevents a purely unilateral interpretation. As a result, the utility of heritage soft power in this context must be significantly qualified.