Discrimination and bifurcation analysis of tumor immune interaction in fractional form

Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Rashid, Yahya,Ishaque, Waqas,Mahmoud, S.R.,Din, Qamar,Alwabli, Afaf S.,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.4

A tumor immune interaction is a main topic of interest in the last couple of decades because majority of human population suffered by tumor, formed by the abnormal growth of cells and is continuously interacted with the immune system. Because of its wide range of applications, many researchers have modeled this tumor immune interaction in the form of ordinary, delay and fractional order differential equations as the majority of biological models have a long range temporal memory. So in the present work, tumor immune interaction in fractional form provides an excellent tool for the description of memory and hereditary properties of inter and intra cells. So the interaction between effector-cells, tumor cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are modeled by using the definition of Caputo fractional order derivative that provides the system with long-time memory and gives extra degree of freedom. Moreover, in order to achieve more efficient computational results of fractional-order system, a discretization process is performed to obtain its discrete counterpart. Furthermore, existence and local stability of fixed points are investigated for discrete model. Moreover, it is proved that two types of bifurcations such as Neimark-Sacker and flip bifurcations are studied. Finally, numerical examples are presented to support our analytical results.

Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken of Bangladesh using microsatellite markers

Rashid Muhammad Abdur,Manjula Prabuddha,Faruque Shakila,Bhuiyan A. K. Fazlul Haque,서동원,Alam Jahangir,이준헌,Bhuiyan Mohammad Shamsul Alam 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.11

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness among the five chicken populations of Bangladesh using microsatellite markers. Methods: A total of 161 individuals representing 5 chicken populations (non-descript Deshi [ND], naked neck [NN], hilly [HI], Aseel [AS], and red jungle fowl [JF]) were included in this study to investigate genetic diversity measures, population structure, genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships. Genotyping was performed using 16 selected polymorphic microsatellite markers distributed across 10 chromosomes. Results: The average observed and expected heterozygosity, mean number of alleles and polymorphic information content were found to be 0.67±0.01, 0.70±0.01, 10.7 and 0.748, respectively in the studied populations. The estimated overall fixation index across the loci (F), heterozygote deficiency within (FIS) and among (FIT) chicken populations were 0.04±0.02, 0.05 and 0.16, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance analysis revealed 88.07% of the total genetic diversity was accounted for within population variation and the rest 11.93% was incurred with population differentiation (FST). The highest pairwise genetic distance (0.154) was found between ND and AS while the lowest distance was between JF and AS (0.084). Structure analysis depicted that the studied samples can be categorized into four distinct types or varieties (ΔK = 3.74) such as ND, NN, and HI where AS and JF clustered together as an admixed population. The Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree and discriminant analysis of principal component also showed close relatedness among three chicken varieties namely AS, HI, and JF. Conclusion: The results reflected that indigenous chicken of Bangladesh still possess rich genetic diversity but weak differentiation among the studied populations. This finding provides some important insight on genetic diversity measures that could support the designing and implementing of future breeding plans for indigenous chickens of Bangladesh.

Instability analysis of microfilaments with and without surface effects using Euler theory

Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Mahmood, Shaid,Safeer, Muhammad,Rashid, Yahya,Ahmad, Manzoor,Naeem, M. Nawaz,Asghar, Sehar,Ponnore, Joffin,Al Qahtani, Abdelaziz,Mahmoud, S.R.,Al Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.6

The study of cell components has been an active area of research since the last few decades. Cytoskeleton of the cell which gives shape and provides structure to the cell has three main components, microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Each of the cytoskeletal components is surrounded by various filamentous or the other cytoskeletal components act as a surface layer on these filaments. The stability of these components affected when cell perform various functions in the body and as a result these filaments buckle, vibrate and bend. In the present study the buckling behavior of microfilament is discussed with the effects of surface by using Euler Bernoulli beam theory and the obtained results for free and surrounded microfilament are shown in the tables and figures.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Bangladeshi Children: Experiences and Challenges in a Developing Country

Rafia Rashid,Md. Samsul Arfin,A.S.M. Bazlul Karim,Muhammad Baharul Alam,Salahuddin Mahmud 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been used for more than five decades, its applicability in Bangladeshi children has recently become more common. Therefore, this manuscript aims to describe our experience in performing ERCPs in Bangladeshi children with hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases, focusing on presenting diseases, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Between 2018 and 2021, 20 children underwent 30 ERCP procedures at the Bangladesh Specialized Hospital, Dhaka. A single trained adult gastroenterologist performed all procedures using a therapeutic video duodenoscope. The indications for ERCP, diagnostic findings, therapeutic procedures, and complications were documented. Results: The median age of the study patients was 10 years (range, 1.7–15 years). Successful cannulation of the papilla was achieved in 28 procedures and failed in 2 cases. Repeated ERCP was required in seven patients. Nine patients had biliary indications and 11 had pancreatic indications. Choledocholithiasis was the most common indication for ERCP in patients with biliary disease, while chronic pancreatitis was common among patients with pancreatic indications. Pancreatic divisum was observed in only one patient. Pancreatic and biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 14 and 9 cases, respectively. A single pigtail or straight therapeutic stent was inserted in seven cases and removed in five cases. Stone extraction was performed in six procedures, and balloon dilatation was performed in five procedures. The post-procedural period for these patients was uneventful. Conclusion: We found that ERCP is a practical and successful therapeutic intervention for treating hepatopancreaticobiliary disorders in children when performed by experienced endoscopists.

Effect of body condition score at calving on transition success in Nili Ravi buffaloes

Sayyad H. Magsi,Muhammad A. Rashid,Nisar Ahamed,Maqsood Akhter,Muhammad Q. Shahid 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.6

Body condition score (BCS) at calving is a vital indicator of the effectiveness of the beginning of lactation in dairy animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of BCS at calving on milk production and transition success in dairy buffaloes. Thirty-six (36) Nili Ravi buffaloes were enrolled at 40 days of expected calving and followed through 90 days of lactation. The buffaloes were categorized into three groups according to their BCS (on a scale of 1–5 with 0.25 increments) as follows: 1) low, buffaloes with BCS ≤ 3.0; 2) medium, buffaloes with BCS 3.25–3.5; and 3) high, buffaloes with BCS ≥ 3.75. All buffaloes were fed a similar diet ad libitum. The lactation diet had increased concentrate allowance according to milk yield. The results revealed that the BCS at calving did not affect milk yield; however, fat percentage (fat%) was lower in the low-BCS group. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar among the treatment groups, although post-calving BCS loss was greater in the high-BCS group compared to the medium- and the low-BCS groups. Similarly, the buffaloes in the high-BCS group had higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration compared to the low- and medium-BCS groups. No cases of metabolic disorders were observed during the study. The present results suggest that the buffaloes in the medium-BCS group appeared to perform better compared to the low- and the high-BCS groups with respect to milk fat% and blood NEFA concentration.

Inherent irreversibility in unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow past a slippery permeable vertical plate with fractional-order derivative

Khan Zafar H,Makinde Oluwole D,Usman Muhammad,Ahmad Rashid,Khan Waqar A,Huang Zaitang 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.5

This study focuses on fractional-order derivatives for the unsteady flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) methanol-iron oxide (CH3OH-Fe3O4) nanofluid over a permeable vertical plate. The utilization of fractional-order derivatives provides a mathematical representation of the flow model. The concluding model, consisting of a system of fractional-order transient partial differential equations, has been solved using the finite difference method, and graphical illustrations demonstrate the effects of key parameters on the flow field. Velocity and temperature profiles provide insights into nanofluid behavior. Additionally, essential quantities such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Bejan number, and entropy generation rate have been depicted graphically. Comparison with previous studies authenticates the accuracy of the anticipated model, contributing to new intuitions into MHD nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate. It is worth noting that the current model, incorporating fractional-order derivatives, contributes to understanding the physical characteristics of MHD CH3OH-Fe3O4 nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate, research that has not been extensively explored before.

Structural and magnetic studies on Zr doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor

G. Murtaza,R. Ahmad,M.S. Rashid,M. Hassan,A. Hussnain,Muhammad Azhar Khan,M. Ehsan ul Haq,M.A. Shafique,S. Riaz 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.2

In this study, Zirconium doped Zn1xZrxO (with x ¼ 0.00e0.10) samples have been prepared by formal solid-state reaction technique. The Zr doped ZnO samples annealed at 1100 C and characterized by different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Xray diffraction (XRD) used to study the structural properties. XRD pattern showed that lattice parameters, “a”, “c”, unit cell volume and ZneO bond length increase with doping content (x 0.04) where as these decrease with x > 0.04. On the other hand, reverse trend observed with lattice distortion. The crystallite size decreases with increasing doping content of Zr. FTIR employed to investigate functional chemical bonding properties of different elements and compounds present in materials. The low, medium and high frequency absorption bands observed at 630, 1500 and 3435 cm1, which were the common features of ZneO, HeOeH and OeH bond respectively. SEM used to study surface morphology and measured grain size of specimen. The surface becomes dense and grain size decreases with increasing degree of Zr contents. The SEM micrograph also shows the presence of spherical micro size particles and formation of pores in samples. Magnetic properties were obtained using VSM. The samples exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism. The magnetic hysteresis loops show variation in the value of magnetic parameter. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) decrease, while remanence magnetization (Mr) shows gradually increasing trend with Zr content. VSM measurement reveals that sample Zn0.96Zr0.4O show better result as compared to x ¼ 0.06e0.10.