The Linguistic Landscape of Post-Soviet Bishkek

Ashley McDermott 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소 2019 REGION Vol.8 No.2

This study analyzes the linguistic landscape of post-Soviet Bishkek in order to understand the relationship among Kyrgyz, Russian, and English, and society in the city. The linguistic landscape is the visible language on public and private signs in a given territory. In Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic, the linguistic landscape not only includes the two languages given elevated status through the state’s official language policy, Russian and Kyrgyz, but also comprises the English language. My study is based on 104 photographed signs, 15 interviews with young residents of Bishkek, and 40 hours of participant observation. I argue that the status and function of Kyrgyz, Russian, and English in Bishkek society are closely tied to language ideologies resulting from globalization, social and linguistic hierarchies, and nationalistic and educational legacies of Soviet state-building. My findings have implications for the creation and adoption of multilingual nationalism in post-Soviet space.

The End of the Cold War as a Catalyst for the Growth and Current Character of International Criminal Justice

Yvonne McDermott 한국국제정치학회 2011 한국국제정치학회 기타간행물 Vol.2011 No.6

Improving visualization in shoulder arthroscopy

Emily R. McDermott,David J. Tennent,Daniel J. Song 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Arthroscopic shoulder procedures are one of the most common procedures used to restore function through minimally invasive techniques. With the demand for shoulder arthroscopic procedures comes the need for safe, effective, and efficient surgery that maximizes patient outcomes while minimizing complications. Many variables contribute to visualization in shoulder arthroscopy including vascular anatomy, blood pressure control, arthroscopic pump systems, turbulence control, epinephrine, and tranexamic acid. Furthermore, patient positioning can have a dramatic effect on visualization with both the beach chair position and lateral decubitus positioning having various strengths and weaknesses depending on the intended procedure being performed. The purpose of this review is to examine the benefits and complications reported in the literature for improving visualization in shoulder arthroscopy.

Comparison of Groups With Different Patterns of Symptom Cluster Intensity Across the Breast Cancer Treatment Trajectory

Kim, H.-J.,McDermott, P.A.,Barsevick, A.M. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS AND WILKINS 2014 Cancer nursing Vol.37 No.2

Background:Comparing subgroups with different patterns of change in symptom intensity would assist in sorting out individuals at risk for more severe symptoms and worse functional outcomes.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to identify and compare subgroups of breast cancer patients with different patterns of change in a psychoneurological symptom cluster intensity across the treatment trajectory.Methods:This secondary analysis used the data from 160 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment. Psychoneurological symptom cluster intensity was a composite score of 5 symptoms (depressed mood, cognitive disturbance, fatigue, insomnia, and pain) in a psychoneurological cluster at each of 3 time points (ie, at baseline and at 2 follow-ups after chemotherapy or radiation treatment).Results:Five distinct subgroups representing different patterns of psychoneurological symptom cluster intensity during breast cancer treatment were identified: the gradually increasing pattern subgroup (group 1), the constantly low pattern subgroup (group 2), the start low with dramatic increase and decrease pattern subgroup (group 3), the constantly high pattern subgroup (group 4), and the start high with dramatic decrease and leveling pattern subgroup (group 5). Patients without previous cancer treatment experience, with higher level of education, treated with chemotherapy, and/or with more limitations at the baseline were more likely to follow the pattern group 4. Patients in group 4 had the most serious functional limitations measured at the second follow-up time point.Conclusion:The results suggest the need to evaluate interventions for specific subgroups and to examine the causal mechanisms underlying a psychoneurological symptom cluster.Implication:Clinicians should consider these diverse symptom experiences for assessment/management.

Non-Diagnostic CT-Guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Lung: Predictive Factors and Final Diagnoses

Thanisa Tongbai,Shaunagh McDermott,Nantaka Kiranantawat,Victorine Vining Muse,Carol Chia-chia Wu,Jo-Anne O’Malley Shepard,Matthew David Gilman 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.11

Objective: To investigate the predictive factors for a non-diagnostic result and the final diagnosis of pulmonary lesions with an initial non-diagnostic result on CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: All percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies performed over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The initial pathological results were classified into three categories—malignant, benign, and non-diagnostic. A non-diagnostic result was defined when no malignant cells were seen and a specific benign diagnosis could not be made. The demographic data of patients, lesions’ characteristics, technique, complications, initial pathological results, and final diagnosis were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results: Of 894 biopsies in 861 patients (male:female, 398:463; mean age 67, range 18–92 years), 690 (77.2%) were positive for malignancy, 55 (6.2%) were specific benign, and 149 (16.7%) were non-diagnostic. Of the 149 non-diagnostic biopsies, excluding 27 cases in which the final diagnosis could not be confirmed, 36% revealed malignant lesions and 64% revealed benign lesions. Predictive factors for a non-diagnostic biopsy included the size ≤ 15 mm, needle tract traversing emphysematous lung parenchyma, introducer needle outside the lesion, procedure time > 60 minutes, and presence of alveolar hemorrhage. Non-diagnostic biopsies with a history of malignancy or atypical cells on pathology were more likely to be malignant (p = 0.043 and p = 0.001). Conclusion: The predictive factors for a non-diagnostic biopsy were lesion size ≤ 15 mm, needle tract traversing emphysema, introducer needle outside the lesion, procedure time > 60 minutes, and presence of alveolar hemorrhage. Thirty-six percent of the non-diagnostic biopsies yielded a malignant diagnosis. In cases with a history of malignancy or the presence of atypical cells in the biopsy sample, a repeat biopsy or surgical intervention should be considered.

Angiogenesis inhibitor therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Toxicity and treatment patterns in clinical practice from a global medical chart review

OH, WILLIAM K.,McDERMOTT, DAVID,PORTA, CAMILLO,LEVY, ANTONIN,ELAIDI, REZA,SCOTTE, FLORIAN,HAWKINS, ROBERT,CASTELLANO, DANIEL,BELLMUNT, JOAQUIM,RHA, SUN YOUNG,SUN, JONG-MU,NATHAN, PAUL,FEINBERG, BRUCE D.A. Spandidos 2014 International journal of oncology Vol.44 No.1

<P>The aim of this study was to assess the treatment patterns and safety of sunitinib, sorafenib and bevacizumab in real-world clinical settings in US, Europe and Asia. Medical records were abstracted at 18 community oncology clinics in the US and at 21 tertiary oncology centers in US, Europe and Asia for 883 patients ≥18 years who had histologically/cytologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced RCC and received sunitinib (n=631), sorafenib (n=207) or bevacizumab (n=45) as first-line treatment. No prior treatment was permitted. Data were collected on all adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications, including discontinuation, interruption and dose reduction. Treatment duration was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Demographics were similar across treatment groups and regions. Median treatment duration ranged from 6.1 to 10.7 months, 5.1 to 8.5 months and 7.5 to 9.8 months for sunitinib, sorafenib and bevacizumab patients, respectively. Grade 3/4 AEs were experienced by 26.0, 28.0 and 15.6% of sunitinib, sorafenib and bevacizumab patients, respectively. Treatment discontinuations occurred in 62.4 (Asia) to 63.1% (US) sunitinib, 68.8 (Asia) to 90.0% (Europe) sorafenib, and 66.7 (Asia) to 81.8% (US) bevacizumab patients. Globally, treatment modifications due to AEs occurred in 55.1, 54.2 and 50.0% sunitinib, sorafenib and bevacizumab patients, respectively. This study in a large, global cohort of advanced RCC patients found that angiogenesis inhibitors are associated with high rates of AEs and treatment modifications. Findings suggest an unmet need for more tolerable agents for RCC treatment.</P>

The hydrogel template method for fabrication of homogeneous nano/microparticles

Acharya, G.,Shin, C.S.,McDermott, M.,Mishra, H.,Park, H.,Kwon, I.C.,Park, K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Journal of controlled release Vol.141 No.3

Nano/microparticles have been used widely in drug delivery applications. The majority of the particles are prepared by the conventional emulsion methods, which tend to result in particles with heterogeneous size distribution with sub-optimal drug loading and release properties. Recently, microfabrication methods have been used to make nano/microparticles with a monodisperse size distribution. The existing methods utilize solid templates for making particles, and the collection of individual particles after preparation has not been easy. The new hydrogel template approach was developed to make the particle preparation process simple and fast. The hydrogel template approach is based on the unique properties of physical gels that can undergo sol-gel phase transition upon changes in environmental conditions. The phase reversible hydrogels, however, are in general mechanically too weak to be treated as a solid material. It was unexpectedly found that gelatin hydrogels could be made to possess various properties necessary for microfabrication of nano/microparticles in large quantities. The size of the particles can be adjusted from 200nm to >50@?m, providing flexibility in controlling the size in drug delivery formulations. The simplicity in processing makes the hydrogel template method useful for scale-up manufacturing of particles. The drug loading capacity is 50% or higher, and yet the initial burst release is minimal. The hydrogel template approach presents a new strategy of preparing nano/microparticles of predefined size and shape with homogeneous size distribution for drug delivery applications.

Electrochemical methods to enhance osseointegrated prostheses

Mark T. Ehrensberger,Caelen M. Clark,Mary K. Canty,Eric P. McDermott 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.1

Osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic limbs have been shown to provide an advantageous treatment option for amputees. In orderfor the OI prosthesis to be successful, the titanium implant must rapidly achieve and maintain proper integration with thebone tissue and remain free of infection. Electrochemical methods can be utilized to control and/or monitor the interfacialmicroenvironment where the titanium implant interacts with the biological system (host bone tissue or bacteria). This reviewwill summarize the current understanding of how electrochemical modalities can infl uence bone tissue and bacteria withspecifi c emphasis on applications where the metallic prosthesis itself can be utilized directly as a stimulating electrode forenhanced osseointegration and infection control. In addition, a summary of electrochemical impedance sensing techniquesthat could be used to potentially assess osseointegration and infection status of the metallic prosthesis is presented.

Experimental observations and modelling of intrinsic rotation reversals in tokamaks

Camenen, Y,Angioni, C,Bortolon, A,Duval, B P,Fable, E,Hornsby, W A,McDermott, R M,Na, D H,Na, Y-S,Peeters, A G,Rice, J E IOP 2017 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.59 No.3

<P>The progress made in understanding spontaneous toroidal rotation reversals in tokamaks is reviewed and current ideas to solve this ten-year-old puzzle are explored. The paper includes a summarial synthesis of the experimental observations in AUG, C-Mod, KSTAR, MAST and TCV tokamaks, reasons why turbulent momentum transport is thought to be responsible for the reversals, a review of the theory of turbulent momentum transport and suggestions for future investigations.</P>

Discontinuation of Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Therapy for Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsies: A Single-Center Experience

Omer A Raheem,Rowan G Casey,David J Galvin,Rustom P Manecksha,Haradikar Varadaraj,TED McDermott,Ronald Grainger,Thomas H Lynch 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.4

Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy. Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy.