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Ma, W.,Yang, C.,Heeger, A. J. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Advanced Materials Vol.19 No.10
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Spatial Fourier transforms and power spectral density were used to analyze digital TEM images of bulk heterojunction material based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) as donor and a soluble fullerene (PCBM) as acceptor. Optimized high-temperature annealing leads to well-defined nanoscale (< 20 nm) interpenetrating networks (see figure). The power spectral density provides a detailed and quantitative description of the bulk heterojunction material and the kinetics of the phase separation. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-10-ADMA200601933-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2007-19-10-ADMA200601933-content'> </P>
Maw Maw Tun,Dagmar Juchelkova 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.4
Nowadays, drying methods for municipal solid waste quality improvement have been adopted in the developed and developing countries to valorize wastes for a renewable energy source, reduce dependency on fossil fuel and keep safer disposal at landfills. Among them, biodrying, biostabilization, thermal drying and solar drying are the most common. Drying of municipal solid waste could offer several environmental and economic benefits. Therefore, this review highlighted the drying methods for municipal solid waste quality improvement around the world and compared them based on the reduction of moisture, weight and volume of municipal solid wastes against drying temperature and time by using statistical analysis. It was observed that the drying temperature of different drying methods accounted for 115 ± 40℃ for thermal drying, 59 ± 37℃ for solar drying, 55 ± 15℃ for biodrying and 58 ± 11℃ for biostabilization. Among the drying methods, thermal drying provided the shortest drying time. The moisture reduction, weight reduction, volume reduction and heating value increase of municipal solid waste could vary with drying temperature and time. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of different drying methods were specified, and recommendations were made for the future efficient drying.
Maw Maw Tun,Dagmar Juchelkova 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.4
Along with growing population and economic development, increasing waste generation rates in developing countries have become a major issue related to the negative impacts of waste management on the environment. Currently, the business-as-usual waste management practices in Myanmar are largely affecting the environment and public health. Therefore, this study developed an alternative approach to waste management for reducing the environmental impacts in Myanmar by highlighting the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from business-as-usual practices and three proposed scenarios during 2018-2025. The calculation methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies were used for estimating the GHG emissions from waste management. It was estimated that the current waste management sector generated approximately 2,000 gigagrams of CO₂-eq per year in 2018, trending around 3,350 Gg of CO₂-eq per year in 2025. It was also observed that out of the proposed scenarios, Scenario-2 significantly minimized the environmental impacts, with the lowest GHG emissions and highest waste resource recovery. Moreover, the GHG emissions from business-as-usual practices could be reduced by 50% by this scenario during 2018-2025. The target of the similar scenario could be achieved if the local government could efficiently implement waste management in the future.
Maw, A.A.,Kawabe, Kotaro,Shimogiri, T.,Rerkamnuaychoke, W.,Kawamoto, Y.,Masuda, S.,Okamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1
The genetic diversity of native chicken populations from Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos was examined by using 102 insertion and/or deletion (indels) markers. Most of the indels loci were polymorphic (71% to 96%), and the genetic variability was similar in all populations. The average observed heterozygosities ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosities ($H_E$) ranged from 0.205 to 0.263 and 0.239 to 0.381, respectively. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) for all cumulated populations was 0.125, and the Thai native chickens showed higher Gst (0.088) than Myanmar (0.041) and Laotian (0.024) populations. The pairwise Fst distances ranged from 0.144 to 0.308 among populations. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, using Nei's genetic distance, revealed that Thai and Laotian native chicken populations were genetically close, while Myanmar native chickens were distant from the others. The native chickens from these three countries were thought to be descended from three different origins (K = 3) from STRUCTURE analysis. Genetic admixture was observed in Thai and Laotian native chickens, while admixture was absent in Myanmar native chickens.
Maw, Aye Aye,Shimogiri, Takeshi,Riztyan, Riztyan,Kawabe, Kotaro,Kawamoto, Yasuhiro,Okamoto, Shin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7
The efficiency of insertion and/or deletion (indels) polymorphisms as genetic markers was evaluated by genotyping 102 indels loci in native chicken populations from Myanmar and Indonesia as well as Red jungle fowls and Green jungle fowls from Java Island. Out of the 102 indel markers, 97 were polymorphic. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.206 to 0.268 and 0.229 to 0.284 in native chicken populations and 0.003 to 0.101 and 0.012 to 0.078 in jungle fowl populations. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) of the native chicken populations from Myanmar and Indonesia were 0.041 and 0.098 respectively. The genetic variability is higher among native chicken populations than jungle fowl populations. The high Gst value was found between native chicken populations and jungle fowl populations. Neighbor-joining tree using genetic distance revealed that the native chickens from two countries were genetically close to each other and remote from Red and Green jungle fowls of Java Island.
( Cheng-maw Ho ),( Shu-li Ho ),( Chia-tung Shun ),( Po-huang Lee ),( Ya-hui Chen ),( Chin-sung Chien ),( Hui-ling Chen ),( Rey-heng Hu ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Primary liver progenitor cell cancer is a rare disease entity without definite evidence and characterization. Current nomenclature of primary liver cancer with prominent progenitor features is not comprehensive. This study was aimed to investigate the existence of this kind of primary liver cancer and characterize it immunohistopathologically based on the emerging understanding of cancer stem cell pathobiology. Methods: Surgical specimens from primary liver cancer which posed diagnostic difficulty fitting within current WHO classification of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma with stem-cell features according to the growth morphology and its suggested immunohistochemical features, were stained with antibodies against well-defined markers of progenitor cells, stemness, and differentiation toward hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. Comparative interpretation of images was processed considering the histological morphology and characteristic markers. Results: The primary liver cancer consisted of CD24+ cancer progenitor cells and CD90+ mesenchymal stromal cells, which were intimately mixed. CD24+ cancer cells demonstrated bi-directional trends of differentiation: bile ductule transformation (cytokeratin 19+, epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]+, neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]+, CD133+, and delta-like 1 homolog [DLK1]+); and trabecular or nested cell clusters toward hepatic lineage (hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha [HNF-4α]+, Hep Par1+ and negative for CK19, EpCAM, CD133, and DLK1). Moderate lymphocyte (mostly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) infiltrated in the CD90+ cancer- associated stroma. Conclusions: We provided the corroboration that liver progenitor cells can form primary liver cancer, not just presented as few side population of cancer stem cells. Its existence might pose significance for future stem cell therapeutic intervention targeting liver diseases, albeit the disease is rare.
Hepatocyte and mesenchymal stem cell co-transplantation in rats with acute liver failure
Cheng-Maw Ho,Ya-Hui Chen,Chin-Sung Chien,Shu-Li Ho,Hui-Ling Chen,Rey-Heng Hu,Po-Huang Lee 대한이식학회 2020 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.34 No.2
Background: Cell therapy is considered a potential alternative to liver transplantation in acute liver failure (ALF). We aimed to evaluate the add-on therapeutic benefit of hepatocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cotransplantation over hepatocyte-only transplantations in a rat model of ALF. Methods: ALF was induced by D-galactosamine in Sprague-Dawley rats. Freshly isolated donor hepatocytes were derived from Tg (UBC-emGFP) rats and MSCs were collected from the bone marrow cells of DsRed rats. Donor hepatocytes (1×107/mL) were intraportally transplanted 24 hours after treatment with D-galactosamine over a 70-second interval, and donor MSCs (0.5, 1, or 2×106/0.5 mL) were intraportally transplanted 1 hour after the hepatocyte transplantation was complete. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 14 days and subjected to donor cell identification, liver histology, serologic testing, and immunohistopathological examination. Results: MSCs were observed in the periportal area, 1 and 2 weeks after transplantation. Transplanted hepatocytes did not actively proliferate when compared to hepatocyte-only transplantation. Morphologically, transplanted MSCs did not appear to differentiate into hepatocytes even 2 weeks after transplantation. Cotransplantation of MSCs was associated with lower macrophage infiltration, and reduced type I collagen, hepatocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 10 expression, with similar gene expression profiles for epidermal growth factor and interleukin 6, when compared to hepatocyte-only transplantation. Conclusions: Hepatocyte and MSC cotransplantation is feasible and safe in rat models of ALF. MSCs were found to survive the process and could be located within the periportal niches 2 weeks after treatment, without enhancing transplanted hepatocyte proliferation or differentiating into hepatocytes, while ameliorating the inflammatory response.
Hyearn-Maw Koo 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.2
The shear-rate-dependent viscosity coefficients of hard ellipsoids are derived for arbitrary relative orientations to the shear flow geometry. Each of the nine components of the coefficients scaled by the Newtonian shear viscosity agrees with the previous result for the viscosity in the zero-shear-rate limit. Among the components, the shear viscosity is graphically displayed for nematic ellipsoids with an axis ratio greater than 1 and for disc-like ellipsoids with an axis ratio less than 1 over the whole range of relative orientations of the axis of ellipsoid to the plane shear layer. As the primary axis of the ellipsoid rotates from the x-axis to the y-axis in the x-y plane, the shear viscosity increases or decreases for nematic or disc-like ellipsolids, respectively.