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Plant Toxins and Detoxification Methods to Improve Feed Quality of Tropical Seeds - Review -
Makkar, H.P.S.,Becker, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.3
Many antinutritional and toxic factors abound in tropical seeds, which are also generally rich in nutrients and therefore more prone to attack from herbivores. Antinutritional and toxic factors are considered to defend seeds against environmental vagaries and thus help to protect them. These factors though good for the plant, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and man. The conventional seeds cultivated for oil or non-oil purposes, and general aspects of antinutritional factors are not presented here as these have already been discussed widely by many workers. Deficits in conventional protein and energy sources in the tropics have stimulated a quest for alternative feeds both for animals and humans. This article attempts to highlight two new oilseed crops, Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera, and in addition deals with some under-utilized seeds with potential as animal feed. Most of these seed plants are adapted to various marginal growing conditions in the tropics and can help to mitigate the prevailing deficit in protein and energy sources. Antinutritional and toxic factors in seed or seed meal, various approaches to detoxify seed meal, and future research and development priorities for their exploitation as animal feeds are presented.
Bilateral anterior dislocation in the hips: a case report
Makkar Dheeraj,Sauhta Ravi 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
The hip is a stable ball-and-socket joint. Bilateral anterior dislocations of the native hip joints account for fewer than 1% of all dislocations. We present a unique case of a bilateral anterior dislocation in a patient who presented to our institution within 6 hours of trauma. The dislocations were promptly reduced under propofol anesthesia in the operating room. The patient did not suffer a concurrent fracture. After the procedure, we performed regular X-ray examinations for 2 years to rule out the development of avascular necrosis of the head of the femur. The course of the patient was unremarkable.
Taz, Mirana,Makkar, Preeti,Imran, Khan Mohammad,Jang, D.W.,Kim, Yong-Sik,Lee, Byong-Taek Elsevier 2019 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.99 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The present work is to investigate the efficiency of hyaluronic acid (HyA) supplemented biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) injectable granule to promote the bone regeneration. The effect of adding HyA to the multichannel BCP granule (MCG-HyA) was studied in terms of morphology, chemical structure, porosity, in-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility, RT-PCR, western blot and compared with MCG. The addition of HyA to MCG successfully made the granules injectable type. In-vivo studies in rabbit model showed an enhancement in bone formation after 4 weeks of implantation and better handling characteristics for MCG-HyA than MCG. RT-PCR and Western Blotting studies revealed that MCG-HyA significantly unregulated the osteogenic gene and protein expressions respectively. Our results indicated that MCG-HyA could be used as a promising injectable bone substitute in clinical applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Coating of HyA to fabricated MCG made the granules injectable type. </LI> <LI> MCG-HyA boosted bone tissue growth compared to MCG. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Gun Hee,Makkar, Preeti,Paul, Kallyanshis,Lee, ByongTaek Elsevier S.A. 2017 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The objective of the present study was to incorporate surface modified porous multichannel BCP granule into CPC to enhance its <I>in vivo</I> biodegradation and bone tissue growth. The multichannel BCP granule (15wt%) was first coated with collagen subsequent to BMP-2 loading (ccMCG-B). It was then embedded into CPC to form CPC-ccMCG-B system. The newly developed CPC-ccMCG-B system was then examined for SEM, EDX, XRD, setting time, compressive strength, injectability, pH change, BMP-2 release, <I>in vitro</I> as well as <I>in vivo</I> studies and further compared with CPC. Optimized CPC (0.45mL/g) was found based on setting time and compressive strength studies. <I>In vivo</I> studies exhibited improved new bone formation and better degradation of CPC after 2 and 4weeks of implantation as compared to CPC as resulted from effective BMP-2 signaling. Our results suggest that CPC-ccMCG-B system might be used as a promising injectable bone substitutes in clinical applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Surface modification of BCP granule by collagen and BMP-2 loading (ccMCG-B) </LI> <LI> Fabrication of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) from mixture of MCPM, TTCP, DCPA </LI> <LI> Incorporation of granules accelerated CPC degradation and enhanced bone growth. </LI> <LI> CPC-ccMCG-B was found good candidate for efficient injectable bone substitute. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, G.H.,Makkar, P.,Paul, K.,Lee, B. North-Holland 2017 Materials letters Vol.208 No.-
In the present study, the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was loaded onto a polydopamine-coated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granule system which could be effectively used as an injectable bone substitute (IBS) for improved bone regeneration. The surface of BCP granules was first coated with polydopamine (PD-MCG) and then BMP-2 growth factor was immobilized onto the PD-MCG by a conventional method. The results showed that BMP-2 was successfully immobilized into polydopamine-coated granules and about 87% of BMP-2 was retained on the granular surface for 30days. Invitro and invivo studies showed enhanced cell viability and superior bone formation conferred by B-PD-MCG granules compared with PD-MCG and MCG. The percent healing capacity (BV/SV) of the three samples tested was found to be 1.64+/-0.04, 1.4+/-0.02 and 1.12+/-0.03 for B-PD-MCG, PD-MCG and MCG, respectively.
( Babita Ghai ),( Muthu Kumar ),( Jeetinder Kaur Makkar ),( Vijay Goni ) 대한통증학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.35 No.2
Background: To compare ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the genicular nerve with the genicular nerve block using local anesthetic and steroid for management of osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain. Methods: Thirty patients with OA knee were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound-guided PRF of the genicular nerve (PRF group) or nerve block with bupivacaine and methylprednisolone acetate (local anesthetic steroid [LAS] group). Verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were measured at pre-procedure and 1-, 4-, and 12-weeks post-procedure. Results: VNRS scores decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both the groups at 12 weeks and other follow up times compared to baseline. Seventy-three percent of patients in the PRF group and 66% in the LAS group achieved effective pain relief (≥ 50% pain reduction) at 12 weeks (P > 0.999). There was also a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in WOMAC scores in both groups at all follow up times. However, there was no intergroup difference in VNRS (P = 0.893) and WOMAC scores (P = 0.983). No complications were reported. Conclusions: Both ultrasound-guided PRF of the genicular nerve and blocks of genicular nerve with local anesthetic and a steroid provided comparable pain relief without any complications. However, PRF of the genicular nerve is a procedure that takes much more time and equipment than the genicular nerve block.
Omega 3 Fatty Acids and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review
Donald Hathaway III,Pandav Krunal,Patel Madhusudan,Riva-Moscoso Adrian,Singh Bishnu Mohan,Patel Aayushi,Min Zar Chi,Singh-Makkar Sarabjot,Sana Muhammad Khawar,Sanchez-Dopazo Rafael,Desir Rockeven,Fahe 대한감염학회 2020 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.52 No.4
The rapid international spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a global health emergency in 2020. It has affected over 52 million people and led to over 1.29 million deaths worldwide, as of November 13th, 2020. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 present with symptoms ranging from none to severe and include fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, anosmia, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Severe complications are largely due to overdrive of the host immune system leading to “cytokine storm”. This results in disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. Due to its highly infectious nature and concerning mortality rate, every effort has been focused on prevention and creating new medications or repurposing old treatment options to ameliorate the suffering of COVID-19 patients including the immune dysregulation. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to be incorporated throughout the body into the bi-phospholipid layer of the cell membrane leading to the production of less pro-inflammatory mediators compared to other fatty acids that are more prevalent in the Western diet. In this article, the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, including their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and possible antiviral effects have been discussed.