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Taku M. Saitoh,Shin Nagai,Hibiki M. Noda,Hiroyuki Muraoka,Kenlo Nishida Nasahara 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.2
Leaf area index (LAI) is a crucial ecological parameter that represents canopy structure and controls many ecosystem functions and processes, but direct measurement and long-term monitoring of LAI are difficult, especially in forests. An indirect method to estimate the seasonal pattern of LAI in a given forest is to measure the attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the canopy and then calculate LAI by the Beer–Lambert law. Use of this method requires an estimate of the PAR extinction coefficient (k), a parameter needed to calculate PAR attenuation. However, the determination of k itself requires direct measurement of LAI over seasons. Our goals were to determine (1) the best way to model k values that may vary seasonally in a forest, and (2) the sensitivity of estimates of canopy ecosystem functions to the errors in estimated LAI. We first analyzed the seasonal pattern of the ‘‘true’’ k (k_p) under cloudy and sunny conditions in a Japanese deciduous broadleaved forest by using the inverted form of the Beer–Lambert law with the true LAI and PAR. We next calculated the errors of PAR-based LAIs estimated with an assumed constant k (LAI_pred) and determined under what conditions we should expect k to be approximately constant during the growing period. Finally, we examined the effect of errors in LAI_pred on estimates of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and latent heat flux (LE) calculated with a land-surface model using LAI_pred as an input parameter. During the growing period, cloudy kp varied from 0.47 to 1.12 and sunny kp from 0.45 to 1.59. Results suggest that the value of LAI_pred was adequately estimated with the k_p obtained under cloudy conditions during the fully-leaved period (0.53–0.57). However, LAI_pred was overestimated by up to 0.6 m2 m–2 inMay and November. The errors in LAIpred propagated to errors in modeled carbon and latent heat fluxes of –0.21 to 0.32 g C m^–2 day^–1 in GPP, –0.09 to 0.19 g C m^–2 day^–1 in NEP, and –3.2 to 3.9 Wm^–2 in LE, which is close to the measurement errors recognized in the tower flux measurement. LAI_pred estimated with an assumed constant k can be useful for some ecosystem studies as a second-best alternative if k is equated to the value of k_p measured under cloudy conditions especially during the fully-leaved period.
M. Noda,Y. Misaki,K. Tanaka 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5
Several bis(alkyldithio) derivatives of BDT-TTP (BTCn-TTP), where BDT-TTP is 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathia-pentalene, have been synthesized. Cyclic voltammograms of new donors consist of four pairs of single-electron transfer waves, andthe rst redox potentials (E1) are higher by 0.040.05 V than that of unsubstituted BDT-TTP. The TaF.6 salt of bis(methylthio)derivative (BTM-TTP) have the so-calledb-type array of the donors. A tight-binding band calculation of (BTM-TTP)2TaF6 sug-gests that this salt has a quasi one-dimensional Fermi surface. The BTM-TTP salts with the PF.6 and TaF.6anions exhibit metallictemperature dependence down to 90 K, while the SbF.6 salt is a semiconductor with the activation energy of 0.13 eV.
X-ray Photoelectron and UV Photoyield Spectroscopic on Sr$_x$Bi$_y$Ta$_2$O$_9$ Films
M. Takahashi,H. Funakubo,K. Kodama,M. Noda,M. Okuyama,T. Watanabe 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.IV
Photoemissions from ferroelectric SrxBiyTa2O9 (SBT) thin lms deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), pulsed lased deposition (PLD) and metalorganic decomposition (MOD) have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-photoyield spectroscopy (UV-PYS) in order to study their valence bands, Bi 4f core levels and Fermi levels. The XPS has shown band tails above the valence bands in all of the SBT lms, which are considered to induce UV-PYS signal from the Fermi levels. The XPS have also indicated that there exist less stable (Bi2O2)2+ layers in the inside of the PLD-SBT than in the MOCVD- and the MOD-SBT lms. P-E hystereses have been measured at various voltage sweeping rates, and have suggested that leakage currents through the capacitors are increased as the band tails in the valence bands are enlarged.
Characterization of an Intense Laser-Produced Preformed Plasma for Proton Generation
A Sagisaka,A. Noda,A. Fukumi,A. Yogo,A. S. Pirozhkov,H. Daido,K. Nemoto,K. Ogura,M. Nishiuchi,M. Mori,M. Kado,S. Orimo,S. Nakamura,T. Nayuki,T. Shirai,T. Fujii,Y. Oishi,Y. Hayashi,Y. Iwashita,Z. Li 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.I
High-energy protons are generated with a 3-μm-thick tantalum target irradiated with a highintensity laser under the preformed plasma condition. We observe the electron density distributions of preformed plasmas with two-color probe beams as interferometers. The preformed plasma at the front side of the target is generated by pre-pulses of a high-intensity Ti:sapphire laser. In this preformed plasma condition, the maximum proton enegy is 900 keV. The half angle of the generated proton beam (>500 keV) is about 10.
D. Ricinschi,L. Mitoseriu,M. Iwata,M. Okuyama,M. Noda,Y. Ishibashi 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.IV
In this paper we studied the switching kinetics using a discrete Landau-type three-dimensional polarization thermodynamic potential, with the elastic constraints of a lm attached to a substrate. We have shown that 180 domain reversal and polarization vector rotations are possible switching mechanisms, depending on eld strength and elastic stresses. The nature of nucleation seeds is also of crucial importance for the switching process. By drawing polarization vector representations of the ferroelectric lattice, the role of in-plane polarization components to switching has been investigated and shown to support experimental ndings.
Shape Control of QDs Studied by Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
J. G. Keizer,M. Bozkurt,J. Bocquel,P. M. Koenraad,T. Mano,T. Noda,K. Sakoda,E. C. Clark,M. Bichler,G. Abstreiter,J. J. Finley,W. Lu,T. Rohel,H. Folliot,N. Bertru 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.51
In this cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy study we investigated various techniques to control the shape of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) and wetting layers (WLs). The result shows that application of an indium flush during the growth of strained InGaAs/GaAs QD layers results in flattened QDs and a reduced WL. The height of the QDs and WLs could be controlled by varying the thickness of the first capping layer. Concerning the technique of antimony capping we show that the surfactant properties of Sb result in the preservation of the shape of strained InAs/InP QDs during overgrowth. This could be achieved by both a growth interrupt under Sb flux and capping with a thin GaAsSb layer prior to overgrowth of the uncapped QDs. The technique of droplet epitaxy was investigated by a structural analysis of strain free GaAs/AlGaAs QDs. We show that the QDs have a Gaussian shape, that the WL is less than 1 bilayer thick, and that minor intermixing of Al with the QDs takes place.
Spiral spin structures and origin of the magnetoelectric coupling inYMn2O5
Kim, J.-H.,Lee, S.-H.,Park, S. I.,Kenzelmann, M.,Harris, A. B.,Schefer, J.,Chung, J.-H.,Majkrzak, C. F.,Takeda, M.,Wakimoto, S.,Park, S. Y.,Cheong, S-W.,Matsuda, M.,Kimura, H.,Noda, Y.,Kakurai, K. American Physical Society 2008 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.78 No.24
M. Fukunaga,Y. Noda 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2
We measured the ferroelectric D-E hysteresis loops of multiferroic EuMn2O5 by using the double- wave method (DWM), which was recently developed. The DWM can extract the hysteresis loops with respect to the bias electric field, for example, ferroelectric loops and antiferroelectric loops. Improvements and supplementary explanations for the DWM are given in this paper. Ferrielectric hysteresis loops were obtained as combinations of three loops by using the non-biased and biased DWM. The temperature dependences of the ferroelectric and the antiferroelectric parts of the polarization of EuMn2O5 was measured by using the DWM. The former decreases and the latter increases between about 14-21 K. We measured the ferroelectric D-E hysteresis loops of multiferroic EuMn2O5 by using the double- wave method (DWM), which was recently developed. The DWM can extract the hysteresis loops with respect to the bias electric field, for example, ferroelectric loops and antiferroelectric loops. Improvements and supplementary explanations for the DWM are given in this paper. Ferrielectric hysteresis loops were obtained as combinations of three loops by using the non-biased and biased DWM. The temperature dependences of the ferroelectric and the antiferroelectric parts of the polarization of EuMn2O5 was measured by using the DWM. The former decreases and the latter increases between about 14-21 K.