돼지의 선발에 있어서 능력검정 방법에 따른 육종가 및 유전적 개량량의 변화

조규호,김시동,김명직,이일주,전광주 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 이유시체중(㎏), 90㎏ 도달일령을 대상형질로 하여 폐쇄돈군에서 이유시 체중을 기초로 5가지의 선발방법에 따라 선발된 선발축의 산육 능력을 검정하여 검정이 완료된 개체들에 대해 유전능력 평가를 실시한후 검정대상 선발두수의 크기에 따른 유전적 개량량을 비교하여 이상적인 검정방법을 찾고자 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 90㎏ 도달일령에 대한 육종가 추정치의 변화는 Method Ⅴ그룹에서 -36.2일의 단축효과를 보였으며 세대당 유전적 개량량 또한 Method Ⅴ그룹에서 -7.5일로 가장 높은 개량을 보였다. 따라서 개량적인 측면에 있어서는 전수검정을 실시하는 것이 가장 좋을 것으로 사료되지만 농장의 검정능력이나 전수검정을 실시할 때 드는 초과비용에 대한 경제적인 분석은 더 연구되어져야 될 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to find the ideal testing method by comparing predicted breeding values, and genetic gain by the size of testing group. Tested traits were weaning weight and days to 90㎏. Five methods for selecting testing group were adopted: Method Ⅰ (MⅠ ; 30% selected based on litter weight at weaning for female, and 30% selected based on individual weight at weaning for mail), Method Ⅱ (MⅡ ; 30% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅲ (MⅢ ; 50% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅳ (MⅣ ; 70% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅴ (MⅤ ; all piglets were tested). Genetic ability was evaluated by multiple trait animal model using MTDFREML package. Based on the predicted breeding values for days to 90㎏, the next generation was selected up to 5th generation. The above procedure were repeated and simulated by 4 times. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows; Phenotypic mean and predicted breeding values mean of days to 90㎏ was 114.3, -27.8, 113.7, -27.0, 107.5, -32.6, 105.7, -34.4, 103.7 and -36.2 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. Phenotypic and predicted breeding values variance of days to 90㎏ was 20.9, 4.1, 19.0, 3.4, 15.3, 1.8, 13.8, 1.7, 13.3 and 1.2 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. Genetic gain of days to 90㎏ was -6.2, -6.0, -7.1, -7.3 and -7.5 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. In all case, Method Ⅴ group, all piglets be tested, is the most efficient for improving the target economic traits.

Iturin produced by Bacillus pumilus HY1 from Korean soybean sauce (kanjang) inhibits growth of aflatoxin producing fungi

Cho, K.M.,Math, R.K.,Hong, S.Y.,Asraful Islam, S.Md.,Mandanna, D.K.,Cho, J.J.,Yun, M.G.,Kim, J.M.,Yun, H.D. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2009 FOOD CONTROL Vol.20 No.4

A new strain of Bacillus pumilus, designated HY1, was isolated from Korean soybean sauce (kanjang). This classification was based on morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic features of the organism that identified it as a Gram-positive bacillus, and confirmed by 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis. Strain HY1 showed strong antifungal activity against the aflatoxin-producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, two common contaminants of fermented soybean foods. MALDI-TOF mass analysis revealed that the antifungal compound was similar to the known lipopeptide iturin. Iturin purified from strain HY1 had three isoforms with protonated masses of m/z 1,043.4, 1,057.4, and 1,071.4, and different structures in combination with Na<SUP>+</SUP> ion using MALDI-TOF MS. Purified iturin from HY1 also exhibited antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. parasiticus.

Aluminizing and Boroaluminizing Treatments of Mar-M247 and Their Effect on Hot Corrosion Resistance in Na₂SO₄-NaCl Molten Salt

Cho, J.H.,Kim, T.W.,Son, K.S.,Yoon, J.H.,Kim, H.S.,Leisk, G.G.,Mitton, D.B.,Latanision, R.M. 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.3

The effect of surface modifications of Mar-M247 superalloy on hot corrosion resistance was examined in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The Mar-M247 was aluminized and boroaluminized by pack cementation in Ar and underwent a cyclic hot corrosion test in Na₂SO₄-NaCl molten salt. The XRD results showed that a Ni2Al3 phase was formed between the aluminized layer and the substrate when the surface modification temperature was below 1273 K. However, a NiAl phase formed when the temperature was above 1273 K. The intensity of the XRD peak in the NiAl phase increased after post heat treatment. Hot corrosion resistance increased for the specimens containing NiAl rather than Ni₂Al₃ phase. The ductile NiAl phase suppressed the potential for crack initiation during thermal cycling. Post heat treatment increased the corrosion resistance of the aluminized layer for Mar-M247, which underwent surface modification at 1273 K and above. In the boroaluminized Mar-M247 specimens, corrosion resistance decreased as a result of the blocking of outward diffusion of Cr by boron and decreased cohesion between the oxide scale and the aluminized layer during thermal cycling.

Rapid Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Genotyping for Mycobacterium leprae Clinical Specimens

Kimura, M.,Sakamuri, R. M.,Groathouse, N. A.,Rivoire, B. L.,Gingrich, D.,Krueger-Koplin, S.,Cho, S.-N.,Brennan, P. J.,Vissa, V. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.47 No.6

<P>Mycobacterium leprae is the noncultivable pathogen of leprosy. Since the genome sequence of an isolate of M. leprae has become available, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) has been explored as a tool for strain typing and identification of chains of transmission of leprosy. In order to discover VNTRs and develop methods transferable to clinical samples, MLVA was applied to a global collection of M. leprae isolates derived from leprosy patients and propagated in armadillo hosts. PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing methods were applied to DNA extracts from these infected armadillo tissues (n = 21). We identified polymorphisms in 15 out of 25 short-tandem-repeat (STR) loci previously selected by in silico analyses of the M. leprae genome. We then developed multiplex PCR for amplification of these 15 loci in four separate PCRs suitable for fluorescent fragment length analysis and demonstrated STR profiles highly concordant with those from the sequencing methods. Subsequently, we extended this method to DNA extracts from human clinical specimens, such as skin biopsy specimens (n = 30). With these techniques, mapping of multiple loci and differentiation of genotypes have been possible using total DNA extracts from limited amounts of clinical samples at a reduced cost and with less time. These practical methods are therefore available and applicable to answer focused epidemiological questions and to allow monitoring of the transmission of M. leprae in different countries where leprosy is endemic.</P>

POLARIMETRY OF DG TAU AT 350 μm

Krejny, M.,Matthews, T. G.,Novak, G.,Cho, J.,Li, H.,Shinnaga, H.,Vaillancourt, J. E. IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.705 No.1

<P>We present the first 350 mu m polarization measurement for the disk of the T Tauri star (TTS) DG Tau. The data were obtained using the SHARP polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We measured normalized Stokes parameters q = -0.0086 +/- 0.0060 and u = -0.0012 +/- 0.0061, which gives a 2 sigma upper limit for the percent polarization of 1.7%. We obtain information about the polarization spectrum by comparing our 350 mu m measurement with an 850 mu m polarization detection previously published for this source. Comparing the two measurements in Stokes space ( not in percent polarization) shows that the two data points are not consistent, i.e., either the degree of polarization or the angle of polarization (or both) must change significantly as one moves from 850 mu m to 350 mu m. This conclusion concerning the polarization spectrum disagrees with the predictions of a recent model for TTS disk polarization. We show that this discrepancy can be explained by optical depth effects. Specifically, we demonstrate that if one were to add more mass to the model disk, one would expect to obtain a model polarization spectrum in which the polarization degree falls sharply with increasing frequency, consistent with the observations at the two wavelengths. We suggest that multiwavelength polarimetry of TTS disk emission may provide a promising method for probing the opacity of TTS disks.</P>

Novel Ag@TiO₂ nanocomposite synthesized by electrochemically active biofilm for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

Khan, M.M.,Ansari, S.A.,Lee, J.,Cho, M.H. Elsevier 2013 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.33 No.8

A novel nonenzymatic sensor for H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was developed based on an Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite synthesized using a simple and cost effective approach with an electrochemically active biofilm. The optical, structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite were examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical performance was analyzed by CV, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite modified GCE (Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE) displayed excellent performance towards H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> sensing at -0.73V in the linear response range from 0.83μM to 43.3μM, within a detection limit and sensitivity of 0.83μM and ~65.2328+/-0.01μAμM<SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, respectively. In addition, Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE exhibited good operational reproducibility and long term stability.

Population-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Leprosy in Cebu, Philippines

Sakamuri, R. M.,Kimura, M.,Li, W.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, H.,Kiran, M. D.,Black, W. C.,Balagon, M.,Gelber, R.,Cho, S.-N.,Brennan, P. J.,Vissa, V. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.47 No.9

<P>To address the persisting problem of leprosy in Cebu, Philippines, we compiled a database of more than 200 patients who attend an established referral skin clinic. We described the patient characteristics in conventional demographic parameters and also applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for Mycobacterium leprae in biopsied skin lesion samples. These combined approaches revealed that transmission is ongoing, with the affected including the young Cebuano population under 40 years of age in both crowded cities and rural areas of the island. The emergence of multicase families (MCF) is indicative of infection unconstrained by standard care measures. For the SNPs, we designed a low-cost PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. MLVA in M. leprae was highly discriminatory in this population yet could retain broad groups, as defined by the more stable SNPs, implying temporal marker stability suitable for interpreting population structures and evolution. The majority of isolates belong to an Asian lineage (SNP type 1), and the rest belong to a putative postcolonial lineage (SNP type 3). Specific alleles at two VNTR loci, (GGT)5 and 21-3, were highly associated with SNP type 3 in this population. MLVA identified M. leprae genotype associations for patients with known epidemiological links such as in MCFs and in some villages. These methods provide a molecular database and a rational framework for targeted approaches to search and confirm leprosy transmission in various scenarios.</P>

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

Characterization of Nutritional Value for Twenty-one Pork Muscles

Kim, J.H.,Seong, P.N.,Cho, S.H.,Park, B.Y.,Hah, K.H.,Yu, L. H.,Lim, D.G.,Hwang, I.H.,Kim, D.H.,Lee, J.M.,Ahn, C.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1

A study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value for twenty-one pork muscles. Ten market-weight crossbred pigs (five gilts and five barrows) were used for evaluating proximate chemical composition, cholesterol, total iron, calorie and fatty acid contents. As preliminary analysis revealed no noticeable sex effect, pooled data from both sexes were used for the final analysis. M. rectus femoris had the highest moisture content, while m. latissimus dorsi was lowest in moisture content (p<0.05). Protein content was highest for m. longissimus dorsi and lowest for m. supraspinatus (p<0.05). The tensor fasciae and latissimus dorsi muscles contained the highest intramuscular fat (p<0.05), while rectus femoris, adductor and vastus lateralis were lowest in intramuscular fat content. When simple correlations between chemical values were computed for the pooled dataset from all muscles, intramuscular fat had significant (p<0.05) negative linear relationships with moisture (r = -0.85) and protein (r = -0.51) contents. Calorie levels were not significantly affected by fat content, while rectus femoris and latissimus dorsi muscles showed lowest and highest calorie contents, respectively (p<0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest (p<0.05) for both m. adductor and m. rectus femoris, while it was lowest for m. longissimus dorsi. Collectively, the current study identified a large amount of variation in nutritional characteristics between pork muscles, and the data can be used for the development of muscle-specific strategies to improve eating quality of meats and meat products.

Real time measurement of chemical composition of submicrometer aerosols at urban Gwangju in Korea by aerosol mass spectrometer

Park, K.,Park, J.,Lee, S.,Cho, H.j.,Kang, M. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.62 No.-

Size-resolved chemical constituents (organics, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride) of nonrefractory submicrometer particles were measured in real time using a quadruple aerosol mass spectrometer (QAMS) at an urban area of Gwangju, Korea in the fall (8/30/2011-9/19/2011) and winter (12/19/2011-12/30/2011). Organics were found to be the most dominant chemical species (~50%) in the total aerosol mass loading. The average mass concentrations of organics were 4.7 +/- 1.8 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> and 6.3 +/- 1.8 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> in the fall and winter, respectively. The organics increased in the morning and evening times, and decreased in the afternoon in both the fall and winter, with a more pronounced diurnal pattern observed in the winter. The ratio of m/z 44 to organics and sulfate increased significantly in the afternoon, which is contrary to the behavior of the total organics, suggesting that intense photochemical activity led to the production of oxidized organics and sulfate in the afternoon. The average sulfate concentration was 1.8 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, which was the lowest reported in East Asian countries due to there being few SO<SUB>2</SUB> emission sources around the sampling site. The most significant difference in concentrations between the fall and winter was found for nitrate; the concentration was ~4 times higher than in the fall (2.45 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> versus 0.62 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP>). It was also observed that sulfate, nitrate, and chloride were fully neutralized by the ammonium in the winter, whereas these anions were not fully neutralized in the fall. Size distribution data showed that sulfate had only one D<SUB>va</SUB> peak at 600 +/- 100 nm, regardless of season, and that organics had one peak (600 +/- 100 nm) in the fall and a bimodal distribution (200 +/- 100 nm and 600 +/- 100 nm) in the winter. The absence of the first mode (i.e., D<SUB>va</SUB> ~200 nm) in organics in fall and the higher ratios of m/z 44 to organics in fall (0.10 +/- 0.02) than winter (0.07 +/- 0.01) suggest that oxidized organic species would be more dominant than hydrocarbon-like organics. Air-mass dependent concentrations of species showed that the northwest air mass (i.e., long-range transported from industrial areas in China) and southeast air mass (i.e., transported from industrial area in Korea) were mainly responsible for the high loadings of organics and sulfate.