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Comparison of Several Acidified Chitosan/Nafion® Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Kabir, M. D. Lutful,Kim, Hee Jin,Choi, Sang-June American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.17 No.11
<P>Acidic groups, which act as proton carriers, convert chitosan (CS) into a polyelectrolyte by protonating its NH2 groups. In this study, by employing this concept acidified CSs (CS acidified by phosphoric sulfuric, or acetic acid) were intentionally incorporated into a Nafion (R) matrix to prepare composite membranes that exhibit improved proton conductivity for fuel cell applications. Using FT-IR measurements, we assessed the intermolecular interactions in the membranes. Additionally, these membranes showed excellent water retention abilities and ion exchange capacities (IEC), comparable to those of cast Nafion (R). Considering the excellent membrane performances, the low cost of the CS membrane material, and the facile synthetic approach, these novel membranes should be competent to apply in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).</P>
Feasibility of Streaming Potential Signal on Estimation of Solute Transport Characteristics
Kabir, Mohammad Lutful,Ji, Sung- Hoon,Lee, Jin-Yong,Koh, Yong- Kwon Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.2
The drag of the excess charge in an electrical double layer at the solid fluid interface due to water flow induces the streaming current, i.e., the streaming potential (SP). Here we introduce a sandbox experiment to study this hydroelectric coupling in case of a tracer test. An acrylic tank was filled up with homogeneous sand as a sand aquifer, and the upstream and downstream reservoirs were connected to the sand aquifer to control the hydraulic gradient. Under a steady-state water flow condition, a tracer test was performed in the sandbox with the help of peristaltic pump, and tracer samples were collected from the same interval of five screened wells in the sandbox. During the tracer test, SP signals resulting from the distribution of 20 nonpolarizable electrodes were measured at the top of the tank by a multichannel meter. The results showed that there were changes in the observed SP after injection of tracer, which indicated that the SP was likely to be related to the solute transport.
Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Carbonate Rock Areas of Korea
Kabir, Mohammad Lutful,Park, Youngyun,Lee, Jin-Yong Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.2
This study was conducted to understand the chemical characteristics of groundwater in carbonate areas of Korea. In this study, data on pH, electric conductivity (EC), $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$ were collected from 97 wells which were installed in various carbonate rock regions of Korea. The pH values ranged from 5.7 to 9.9, and the average value was 7.3. The concentration range showed differences between the maximum value of $HCO_3{^-}$ and the medium to minimum values of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $K^+$ in the study area. The average value of EC was $374{\mu}S/cm$, higher than in granite and gneiss areas, where the value is $176{\mu}S/cm$. Most of the groundwater was type $Ca-HCO_3$, and some was type $Mg-HCO_3$. The relationship between $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, and $HCO_3{^-}$, respectively, and EC showed relatively significant positive correlations compared to the other dissolved components. However, the determination coefficients for $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $K^+$ were very low less than 0.2. These results indicate that the source of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ is relatively simple (carbonate dissolution) compared to other sources. The sources of $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$ might be not only water-rock interactions, but also irrigation return flow, because many groundwater wells had been developed for irrigation purposes. Subsequently, the influence of agriculture on groundwater chemistry was evaluated using a cumulative plot of $SO_4{^{2-}}$. The threshold value of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ calculated from the cumulative frequency curve was 29.2 mg/L. Therefore, 12.4% of all the groundwater wells were affected by agricultural activity.
Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Carbonate Rock Areas of Korea
Mohammad Lutful Kabir,박영윤,이진용 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.2
This study was conducted to understand the chemical characteristics of groundwater in carbonate areas of Korea. In thisstudy, data on pH, electric conductivity (EC), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3− were collected from 97 wellswhich were installed in various carbonate rock regions of Korea. The pH values ranged from 5.7 to 9.9, and the averagevalue was 7.3. The concentration range showed differences between the maximum value of HCO3− and the medium tominimum values of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, SO42−, and K+ in the study area. The average value of EC was 374 μS/cm,higher than in granite and gneiss areas, where the value is 176 μS/cm. Most of the groundwater was type Ca-HCO3, andsome was type Mg-HCO3. The relationship between Ca2+, Cl−, and HCO3−, respectively, and EC showed relativelysignificant positive correlations compared to the other dissolved components. However, the determination coefficients forMg2+, Na+, SO42−, and K+ were very low less than 0.2. These results indicate that the source of Ca2+ and Mg2+ is relativelysimple (carbonate dissolution) compared to other sources. The sources of Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3− might be notonly water-rock interactions, but also irrigation return flow, because many groundwater wells had been developed forirrigation purposes. Subsequently, the influence of agriculture on groundwater chemistry was evaluated using a cumulativeplot of SO42−. The threshold value of SO42− calculated from the cumulative frequency curve was 29.2 mg/L. Therefore,12.4% of all the groundwater wells were affected by agricultural activity.
Feasibility of Streaming Potential Signal on Estimation of Solute Transport Characteristics
Mohammad Lutful Kabir,이진용,지성훈,고용권 한국지하수토양환경학회 2015 지하수토양환경 Vol.20 No.2
The drag of the excess charge in an electrical double layer at the solid fluid interface due to water flow induces the streaming current, i.e., the streaming potential (SP). Here we introduce a sandbox experiment to study this hydroelectric coupling in case of a tracer test. An acrylic tank was filled up with homogeneous sand as a sand aquifer, and the upstream and downstream reservoirs were connected to the sand aquifer to control the hydraulic gradient. Under a steady-state water flow condition, a tracer test was performed in the sandbox with the help of peristaltic pump, and tracer samples were collected from the same interval of five screened wells in the sandbox. During the tracer test, SP signals resulting from the distribution of 20 nonpolarizable electrodes were measured at the top of the tank by a multichannel meter. The results showed that there were changes in the observed SP after injection of tracer, which indicated that the SP was likely to be related to the solute transport.
Farruk M. Lutful Kabir,Patricia DeInnocentes,Payal Agarwal,Christopher P. Mill,David J. Riese 2nd,R. Curtis Bird 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.2
Well characterized, stable, p16-defective canine mammary cancer (CMT) cell lines and normal canine mammary epithelial cells were used to investigate expression of the major breast cancer-specific hormone receptors estrogen receptor alpha (ER1) and progesterone receptor (PR) as well as luminal epithelial-specific proto-oncogenes encoding c-erbB-1 (epidermal growth factor receptor/EGFr), c-erbB-2/HER2, c-erbB-3, and c-erbB-4 receptors. The investigation developed and validated quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for each transcript to provide rapid assessment of breast cancer phenotypes for canine cancers, based on ER1, PR, and c-erbB-2/HER2 expressions, similar to those in human disease. Roles for relatively underexplored c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 receptor expressions in each of these breast cancer phenotypes were also evaluated. Each quantitative assay was validated by assessment of amplicon size and DNA sequencing following amplification. Differential expression of ER1, PR, and c-erbB-2 in CMT cell lines clearly defined distinct human-like breast cancer phenotypes for a selection of CMT-derived cell lines. Expression profiles for EGFr family genes c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 in CMT models also provided an enriched classification of canine breast cancer identifying new extended phenotypes beyond the conventional luminal-basal characterization used in human breast cancer.