Characteristics of the Infection of Tilletia laevis Kühn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) in Compatible Wheat

Zhaoyu Ren,Wei Zhang,Mengke Wang,Haifeng Gao,Huimin Shen,Chunping Wang,Taiguo Liu,Wanquan Chen,Li Gao 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.5

Tilletia laevis Kühn (syn. Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) causes wheat common bunt, which is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. Common bunt can result in a reduction of 80% or even a total loss of wheat production. In this study, the characteristics of T. laevis infection in compatible wheat plants were defined based on the combination of scanning electron mi- croscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found T. laevis could lead to the abnormal growth of wheat tissues and cells, such as leakage of chloroplasts, deformities, disordered arrangements of mesophyll cells and also thickening of the cell wall of mesophyll cells in leaf tissue. What’s more, T. laevis teliospores were found in the roots, stems, flag leaves, and glumes of infected wheat plants instead of just in the ovaries, as previously reported. The abnormal characteristics caused by T. laevis may be used for early detection of this pathogen instead of molecular markers in addition to providing theoretical insights into T. laevis and wheat interactions for breed- ing of common bunt resistance.

Hybrid DC circuit breaker with current‑limiting capability

Yiqi Liu,Bingkun Li,Laicheng Yin,Junyuan Zheng,Zhaoyu Duan,Zhenjie Li 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.4

Nowadays, traditional DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) are always expensive and lack current-limiting capabilities. Hence, this paper proposes a current limiting and low-cost hybrid DC circuit breaker (HCB). When a fault occurs, the paralleled inductors in the proposed HCB are converted to a series connection due to the cutoff of the converter module, effectively limiting the increase of fault current. Then the cascaded IGBTs undertake the transient interruption voltage. Energy dissipation circuits (EDCs) reduce the fault isolation time (FIT) by bypassing the current-limiting inductor during energy dissipation based on the metal oxide varistors (MOVs). Therefore, the proposed HCB can limit the rate of the fault current increase, reducing the FIT and cost. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed HCB is verified by a single-ended equivalent system and DC grid test systems built in PSCAD/EMTDC. In addition, the proposed HCB FIT is 33.7% quicker, its energy consumption is 87%, and its cost is lower than that of the traditional ABB HCB.

MMC‑modified sub‑module structure with double reverse blocking IGBTs

Yiqi Liu,Zhaoyu Duan,Qichao Chen,Bingkun Li,Mingfei Ban,Zhenjie Li 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.3

In high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, among the voltage source converters (VSCs), the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a popular choice for power transmission. Unfortunately, the conventional half-bridge sub-module (SM) cannot deal with DC faults by itself. Thus, improved SM topologies enabling DC fault ride-through are significant. With this in mind, an MMC-modified SM structure is presented with double reverse blocking IGBTs (DRBSM). When all of the IGBTs in an MMC are blocked, the DRBSM can insert two capacitors in series to the fault circuit to rapidly overcome the DC fault. First, the DRBSM topology and working principle are analyzed. Second, the DRBSM control strategy is illustrated. Third, the device withstand voltage, DC fault ride-through, cost, and loss performance of the DRBSM are presented in detail. Finally, according to simulation results, the DRBSM fault ride-through speed is shown to be as fast as the full-bridge SM, and faster than the clamp double SM. In addition, experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed DRBSM structure.

Determination and prediction of the digestible and metabolizable energy contents of corn germ meal in growing pigs

Meng Shi,Zhaoyu Liu,Hong Liang Wang,Chuanxin Shi,Ling Liu,Junjun Wang,Defa Li,Shuai Zhang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.3

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn germ meals (CGM) and to develop equations to predict the corresponding energy contents based on the chemical characteristics of individual CGM. Methods: Sixty-six barrows (initial body weight = 51.3±4.6 kg) were allotted to 11 diets including a basal diet and 10 CGM test diets in a completely randomized design. In the test diets, CGM was included in replacement of 30% of the energy-providing ingredients in the basal diet, resulting in a final inclusion rate of 29.1%. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 5-d total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: Considerable variation was observed in acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ether extract, ash, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus contents among the CGM samples. On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME contents of the CGM ranged from 10.22 to 15.83 MJ/kg and from 9.94 to 15.43 MJ/kg, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were negatively correlated with the DE and ME contents of CGM samples. The best-fit prediction equations for the DE and ME values (MJ/kg DM) of the 10 CGM were: DE = 26.85–0.28 insoluble dietary fiber (%)–17.79 Ca (%); ME = 21.05–0.43 ADF (%)–11.40 Ca (%). Conclusion: The chemical compositions of CGM vary depending on sources, particularly in ether extract and Ca. The DE and ME values of CGM can be predicted based on their chemical composition in growing pigs.

A Framework for User Privacy Protection Using Trusted Programs

Kenichi Takahashi,Zhaoyu Liu,Kouichi Sakurai,Makoto Amamiya 보안공학연구지원센터 2007 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.1 No.2

The evolution of mobile technologies enables us to realize ubiquitous computing environments. In such environments, a user’s mobile terminal manages the sensitive information and assists in various activities based on the user’s information. At the same time, information leakage will become a serious social problem. In this paper, we propose a framework to protect the sensitive information of users in a manner they consider safe. In the framework, the user provides a trusted program that implements the manner he/she considers safe. The information recipient accesses user’s sensitive information through this trusted program. In this manner, the user can protect his/her sensitive information. However, there exist several challenges in the realization of this framework. In this paper, we propose a method for generating a trusted program and discuss the solutions to other challenges.

Simulation and Research of Boiler Combustion Process Based On the Improved RBF Neural Network

Rong Panxiang,Sun Jianpeng,Liu Zhaoyu,Yu Lin,Dong Wenbo 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2013 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.6 No.5

Green cabbage supplementation influences the gene expression and fatty acid levels of adipose tissue in Chinese Wanxi White geese

Bin Wang,Zhengquan Liu,Xingyong Chen,Cheng Zhang,Zhaoyu Geng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.10

Objective: Dietary green cabbage was evaluated for its impact on fatty acid synthetic ability in different adipose tissues during fattening of Wanxi White geese. Methods: A total of 256 Wanxi White geese at their 70 days were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates and fed 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% fresh green cabbage (relative to dry matter), respectively, in each group. Adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal fat), liver and blood were collected from 4 birds in each replicate at their 70, 80, 90, and 100 days for fatty acid composition, relative gene expression and serum lipid analysis. Two-way or three-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. Results: The contents of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) were feeding time dependently increased. The C16:0 and stearic acid (C18:0) were higher in abdominal fat, while C16:1, oleic acid (C18:1), and C18:2 were higher in subcutaneous fat. Geese fed 45% green cabbage exhibited highest level of C18:3. Geese fed green cabbage for 30 d exhibited higher level of C16:0 and C18:0 in abdominal fat, while geese fed 30% to 45% green cabbage exhibited higher C18:3 in subcutaneous fat. The expression of Acsl1 (p = 0.003) and Scd1 (p<0.0001) were decreased with green cabbage addition. Interaction between feeding time and adipose tissue affected elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6), acyl-CoA synthetase longchain family member 1 (Acsl1), and stearoly-coA desaturase 1 (Scd1) gene expression levels (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p = 0.005). Feeding time only affected serum lipid levels of free fatty acid and chylomicron. Higher contents of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:3 were associated with greater mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001), while higher level of C18:2 was associated with less mRNA expression of Scd1 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Considering content of C18:2 and C18:3, 30% addition of green cabbage could be considered for fattening for 30 days in Wanxi White geese.

Effects of Daidzein on Body Weight Gain, Serum IGF-I Level and Cellular Immune Function in Intact Male Piglets

Wang, Genlin,Zhang, Xiangying,Han, Zhaoyu,Liu, Zhaobin,Liu, Weirong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.7

10 male piglets at 5-6 weeks old with similar body weight (BW) were randomly assigned into the experimental (EXP) and control (CON) groups. The animals in EXP received intro-muscular injection with daidzein (DA) at the dose of 0.5 mg DA per kg start BW on day 1. The same procedures were repeated once every 3 days for eight times. The animals in CON received the injection only with same volume of control peanut oil. The animals were weighted on day 14 and 28 and the blood samples were obtained at different stages of the treatment for determining IGF-I levels and blood parameters. At the end of the experiment, the thymus and spleen from all the animals were surgically taken out and weighted. The results showed that BW and average daily gain (ADG) were not significantly different between the groups in term of the whole period, but ADG between days 14-28 was higher in EXP than in CON (p<0.05). On days 18, 21 and 25, IGF-I levels in EXP group were 20.53% (p<0.05), 15.92% (p>0.05) and 23.46% (p<0.05), respectively, higher than those in CON. The weights of thymus and spleen, the ratios of their weights to BW and red blood count (RBC) did not significantly differ between the groups at all stages. White blood count (WBC) in EXP steadily increased from day 22, reached its apex on day 24, which was higher than in CON (p<0.05) and its own levels on day 20 and 22 (p<0.01 or p<0.05), and remained higher on the later time (p=0.058). The results of percentage of T-Lymphocytes also demonstrated similar trend to WBC, but TLymphocyte transformation rate (%) appeared no significant change between the groups. In conclusion, Daidzein could stimulate male piglet growth and elevate serum IGF-I levels at certain stages of the treatment. It could also increase WBC and T-Lymphocyte rates, but had no significant impacts on RBC and T-Lymphocyte transformation rate.

Hybrid DC circuit breaker with reduced fault isolation time and current limiting capability

Qichao Chen,Bingkun Li,Laicheng Yin,Junyuan Zheng,Zhaoyu Duan,Yiqi Liu 전력전자학회 2024 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.24 No.1

DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) are key pieces of equipment to ensure the safe and stable operation of DC grids. However, current DCCB schemes generally have problems such as a slow fault clearing speed and a poor current limiting effect. This paper proposes a current-limited hybrid DC circuit breaker (CLHCB) that limits fault current and has fast fault isolation, which reduces the capacity requirements. The current limiting inductor in the fault current limiter (FCL) provides the current limiting capability. In addition, the energy dissipation circuit (EDC) is in parallel to reduce the energy dissipation in metal oxide arresters (MOAs) and to decrease the fault isolation time (FIT), which can reduce the thermal effects of MOAs and improve their reliability. Simulation results verify the working principle and advantages of the proposed CLHCB. When compared to an ABB HCB under the same simulation parameters, the CLHCB enables fault current limiting and faster fault isolation. Finally, experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed CLHCB.

Time Series Data Cleaning Method Based on Optimized ELM Prediction Constraints

Guohui Ding,Yueyi Zhu,Chenyang Li,Jinwei Wang,Ru Wei,Zhaoyu Liu 한국정보처리학회 2023 Journal of information processing systems Vol.19 No.2

Affected by external factors, errors in time series data collected by sensors are common. Using the traditionalmethod of constraining the speed change rate to clean the errors can get good performance. However, they areonly limited to the data of stable changing speed because of fixed constraint rules. Actually, data with unevenchanging speed is common in practice. To solve this problem, an online cleaning algorithm for time series databased on dynamic speed change rate constraints is proposed in this paper. Since time series data usually changesperiodically, we use the extreme learning machine to learn the law of speed changes from past data and predictthe speed ranges that change over time to detect the data. In order to realize online data repair, a dual-windowmechanism is proposed to transform the global optimal into the local optimal, and the traditional minimumchange principle and median theorem are applied in the selection of the repair strategy. Aiming at the problemthat the repair method based on the minimum change principle cannot correct consecutive abnormal points,through quantitative analysis, it is believed that the repair strategy should be the boundary of the repaircandidate set. The experimental results obtained on the dataset show that the method proposed in this paper canget a better repair effect.