Lactobacillus brevis LH8이 생산하는 효소에 의한 Ginsenoside Rd의 Compound K로의 전환

전림호(Lin-Hu Quan),양지제(Zhiqi Liang),김호빈(Ho-Bin Kim),김세화(Se-Hwa Kim),김세영(Se-Young Kim),노영덕(Yeong-Deok Noh),양덕춘(Deok-Chun Yang) 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.3

인삼사포닌 ginsenoside는 인삼의 주요한 약리성분으로 인삼을 경구투여 시 major 사포닌의 생체 내에서의 흡수는 매우 낮아 인삼사포닌의 약효를 증대시키기 위해서 기존에 많이 존재하는 major 사포닌을 상대적으로 흡수도 잘 되며 약효도 더 뛰어난 minor 사포닌으로의 전환이 요구된다. 본 연구는 김치에서 분리한 β-glucosidase 활성균주 L.brevis LH8이 분비하는 효소를 이용하여 ginsenoside Rd를 compound K로 전환시켰다. L. brevis LH8의 효소액은 반응온도 30℃에서 효소활성이 가장 좋았고 35℃이상에서는 활성이 급격히 저하되었으며, pH 6.0~12.0 사이에서 효소활성이 가장 좋았고, pH 5.0 이하 및 pH 13.0 이상에서는 활성도가 떨어지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 ginsenoside Rd는 반응 48시간부터 ginsenoside F2로 전환되기 시작하였으며, 반응 72 시간 이후에는 대부분 compound K로 전환되었다. Ginsenosides have been regarded as the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. Absorption of major ginsenosides from the gastrointestinal tract is extremely low, when ginseng is orally administered. In order to improve absorption and its bioavailability, conversion of major ginsenosides into more active minor ginsenoside is very much required. Here, we isolated lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus brevis LH8) having β-glucosidase activity from Kimchi. Bioconversion ginsenoside Rd by this bacterium in different temperatures was investigated. The maximum activities of crude enzymes precipitated by ethanol were shown in 30oC and then gradually decreased. In order to compare the effect of pH, the crude enzymes of L. brevis LH8 were mixed in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.5 to pH 8.0) and reacted ginsenoside Rd. Ginsenoside Rd was almost hydrolyzed between pH 6.0 and pH 12.0, but not hydrolyzed under pH 5.0 and above pH 13.0. Ginsenoside Rd was hydrolyzed after 48 h incubation, whereas ginsenoside F2 appeared from 48 h to 72 h, and ginsenoside Rd was almost converted into compound K after 72 h.

Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from a ginseng field

Kim, Ho-Bin,Srinivasan, Sathiyaraj,Sathiyaraj, Gayathri,Quan, Lin-Hu,Kim, Se-Hwa,Bui, Thi Phuong Nam,Liang, Zhi-qi,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Yang, Deok-Chun Microbiology Society 2010 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.60 No.7

<P>A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain DCY01<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in South Korea and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY01<SUP>T</SUP> belonged to the <I>Gammaproteobacteria</I> and was most closely related to <I>Stenotrophomonas koreensis</I> KCTC 12211<SUP>T</SUP> (98.4 % similarity), <I>Stenotrophomonas humi</I> R-32729<SUP>T</SUP> (97.2 %), <I>Stenotrophomonas terrae</I> R-32768 (97.1 %), <I>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</I> DSM 50170<SUP>T</SUP> (96.9 %) and <I>Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens</I> DSM 12575<SUP>T</SUP> (96.8 %). Chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strain DCY01<SUP>T</SUP> possessed a quinone system with Q-8 as the predominant compound, and iso-C15 : 0 (28.2 %), C16 : 0 10<I>-</I>methyl (13.2 %), iso-C15 : 1 F (10.8 %) and C15 : 0 (7.5 %) as major fatty acids, corroborating assignment of strain DCY01<SUP>T</SUP> to the genus <I>Stenotrophomonas</I>. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain DCY01<SUP>T</SUP> represents a species distinct from recognized <I>Stenotrophomonas</I> species. Based on these data, DCY01<SUP>T</SUP> (=KCTC 12539<SUP>T</SUP>=NBRC 101154<SUP>T</SUP>) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus <I>Stenotrophomonas</I>, for which the name <I>Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli</I> sp. nov. is proposed.</P>

Prognostic Value of PLCE1 Expression in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cui, Xiao-Bin,Peng, Hao,Li, Su,Li, Ting-Ting,Liu, Chun-Xia,Zhang, Shu-Mao,Jin, Ting-Ting,Hu, Jian-Ming,Jiang, Jin-Fang,Liang, Wei-Hua,Li, Na,Li, Li,Chen, Yun-Zhao,Li, Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: A number of studies have identified a shared susceptibility locus in phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA). However, the results of PLCE1 expression in esophageal and gastric cancer remain inconsistent and controversial. Moreover, the effects on clinicopathological features remain undetermined. This study aimed to provide a precise quantification of the association between PLCE1 expression and the risk of ESCC and GCA through meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were identified from PubMed, Wanfang Data, ISI Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Using RevMan5.2 software, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess the association of PLCE1 expression with clinicopathological features relative to ESCC or GCA. Results: Seven articles were identified, including 761 esophageal and gastric cancer cases and 457 controls. Overall, we determined that PLCE1 expression was associated with tumor progression in both esophageal cancers (pooled OR=5.93; 95%CI=3.86 to 9.11) and gastric cancers (pooled OR=9.73; 95%CI=6.46 to 14.7). Moreover, invasion depth (pooled OR=3.62; 95%CI=2.30 to 5.70) and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=4.21; 95%CI=2.69 to 6.59) were linked with PLCE1 expression in gastric cancer. However, no significant associations were determined between PLCE1 overexpression and the histologic grade, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Conclusions: Our metaanalysis results indicated that upregulated PLCE1 is significantly associated with an increased risk of tumor progression in ESCC and GCA. Therefore, PLCE1 expression can be appropriately regarded as a promising biomarker for ESCC and GCA patients.

Study on Anti-Proliferative Activity in Cancer Cells and Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationship of Pseudo-Peptide Chiral Thioureas

Peng Liao,Shi-Qin Hu,Hong Zhang,Liang-Bi Xu,Jing-Zi Liu,Bin He,Shang-Gao Liao,Yong-Jun Li 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.3

In our previous studies, we have shown that thiourea compounds containing phosphate esters have potent antitumor activity and can be used as a novel strategy for the development of antitumor agents. Herein, a series of novel phosphonate thioureas 5–38 have been synthesized, which were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectrum, elemental analysis. Three human cancer cell lines (Bcap-37, BGC-823, and PC-3) have been used to investigate these compounds’ antitumor activities. After the summarization of the structure–activity relationships, we found that the variation of R, R1, and R2 in these novel phosphonate thioureas contribute to the antitumor activities. All these SAR-guided efforts may lead to novel antitumor drugs in the market in the near future.

Inhibition of the Aspergillus flavusGrowth and AflatoxinB1 Contamination on Pistachio Nut by Fengycin and Surfactin-Producing Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1

Mohsen Farzaneh,Zhi-Qi Shi,Masoud Ahmadzadeh,Liang-Bin Hu,Alireza Ghassempour 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.3

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade afl-toxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid.Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavu R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

Study of the Correlation of Plasma Resonance and the Refractive Index to Dielectric Dispersion in the Complex Plane

Xiao-Yong Zhou,Yan Shen,Er-Tao Hu,Jian-Bo Chen,Yuan Zhao,Ming-Yu Sheng,Jing Li,Yu-Xiang Zheng,Hai-Bin Zhao,Liang-Yao Chen,Wei Li,Xun-Ya Jiang,이영백,David W. Lynch 한국광학회 2013 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.17 No.1

Based on the dispersive feature of the dielectric function of noble metals and the wave vector conservation in physics, both the plasma effect and the complex refractive index, which are profoundly correlated to the complex dielectric function and permeability, have been studied and analyzed. The condition to induce a bulk or a surface plasma in the visible region will not be satisfied, and there will be one solution for the real and the imaginary parts of the refractive index, restricting it only to region I of the complex plane. The results given in this work will aid in understanding the properties of light transmission at the metal/dielectric interface as characterized by the law of refraction in nature.

An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity

Lin, Xiao-Li,Niu, De,Hu, Zi-Liang,Kim, Dae Heon,Jin, Yin Hua,Cai, Bin,Liu, Peng,Miura, Kenji,Yun, Dae-Jin,Kim, Woe-Yeon,Lin, Rongcheng,Jin, Jing Bo Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.4

<P>COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. However, how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown. Here we show that SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification enhances COP1 activity. Loss-of-function siz1 mutant seedlings exhibit a weak constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. SIZ1 physically interacts with COP1 and mediates the sumoylation of COP1. A K193R substitution in COP1 blocks its SUMO modification and reduces COP1 activity in vitro and in planta. Consistently, COP1 activity is reduced in siz1 and the level of HY5, a COP1 target protein, is increased in siz1. Sumoylated COP1 may exhibits higher transubiquitination activity than does non-sumoylated COP1, but SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification does not affect COP1 dimerization, COP1-HY5 interaction, and nuclear accumulation of COP1. Interestingly, prolonged light exposure reduces the sumoylation level of COP1, and COP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of SIZ1. These regulatory mechanisms may maintain the homeostasis of COP1 activity, ensuing proper photomorphogenic development in changing light environment. Our genetic and biochemical studies identify a function for SIZ1 in photomorphogenesis and reveal a novel SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase, COP1, in plants.</P>

Mechanical behavior of rock-coal-rock specimens with different coal thicknesses

Guo, Wei-Yao,Tan, Yun-Liang,Yu, Feng-Hai,Zhao, Tong-Bin,Hu, Shan-Chao,Huang, Dong-Mei,Qin, Zhe Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.4

To explore the influence of coal thickness on the mechanical behavior and the failure characteristics of rock-coal-rock (RCR) mass, the experimental investigation of uniaxial compressive tests was conducted first and then a systematic numerical simulation by particle flow code (PFC2D) was performed to deeply analyze the failure mechanical behavior of RCR specimens with different coal thicknesses in conventional compression tests. The overall elastic modulus and peak stress of RCR specimens lie between the rock and the coal. Inter-particle properties were calibrated to match the physical sample strength and the stiffness response. Numerical simulation results show that the deformation and strength behaviors of RCR specimens depend not only on the coal thickness, but also on the confining pressure. Under low confining pressures, the overall failure mechanism of RCR specimen is the serious damage of coal section when the coal thickness is smaller than 30 mm, but it is shear failure of coal section when the coal thickness is larger than 30 mm. Whereas under high confining pressures, obvious shear bands exist in both the coal section and the rock section when the coal thickness is larger than 30 mm, but when the coal thickness is smaller than 30mm, the failure mechanism is serious damage of coal section and shear failure of rock section.

Inhibition of the Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination on Pistachio Nut by Fengycin and Surfactin-Producing Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1

Farzaneh, Mohsen,Shi, Zhi-Qi,Ahmadzadeh, Masoud,Hu, Liang-Bin,Ghassempour, Alireza The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.3

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid. Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavus R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

Two new triterpenoid saponins derived from the leaves of Panax ginseng and their antiinflammatory activity

Fuli Li,Yufeng Cao,Tingwu Liu,Guilong Yan,Liang Chen,Lilian Ji,Lun Wang,Bin Chen,Aftab Yaseen,Ashfaq A. Khan,Guo-Lin Zhang,Yunyao Jiang,Jianxun Liu,Gongcheng Wang,Ming-Kui Wang,Weicheng Hu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: The leaves and roots of Panax ginseng are rich in ginsenosides. However, the chemical compositionsof the leaves and roots of P. ginseng differ, resulting in different medicinal functions. In recent years,the aerial parts of members of the Panax genus have received great attention fromnatural product chemistsas producers of bioactive ginsenosides. The aim of this study was the isolation and structural elucidation ofnovel, minor ginsenosides in the leaves of P. ginseng and evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity in vitro. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were applied to obtain pure individual compounds, andtheir structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry,as well as chemical methods. The antiinflammatory effect of the new compounds was evaluated onlipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results and conclusions: Two novel, minor triterpenoid saponins, ginsenoside LS1 (1) and 5,6-didehydroginsenoside Rg3 (2), were isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng. The isolated compounds 1and 2 were assayed for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7cells, and Compound 2 showed a significant inhibitory effect with IC50 of 37.38 mM compared with that ofNG-monomethyl-L-arginine (IC50 ¼ 90.76 mM). Moreover, Compound 2 significantly decreased secretionof cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-a. In addition, Compound 2 significantlysuppressed protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These resultssuggested that Compound 2 could be used as a valuable candidate for medicinal use or functional food,and the mechanism is warranted for further exploration.