Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl‑1 with yellow–green leaf color

Tong‑Mei Gao,Shuang‑Ling Wei,Jing Chen,Yin Wu,Feng Li,Li‑Bin Wei,Chun Li,Yan‑Juan Zeng,Yuan Tian,Dong‑Yong Wang,Hai‑Yang Zhang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. Objective This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. Methods We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. Results Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellowgreen mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. Conclusion The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.

Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanism and Precipitation Behavior of Mg-6Gd-3Y-3Sm-0.5Zr Alloy During Hot Compression

Miaomiao Li,Miaomiao Li,Dening Zou,Yunong Li,Libo Tong1 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

904L super austenitic stainless steel is prone to harmful secondary phase precipitation, which reduces corrosion resistance. The cooling rate during the solidification of steel is one of the critical factors affecting the precipitation of brittle phases instainless steel metals. In this paper, the effect of the cooling rates (6, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 °C min−1) on the initial corrosionbehavior of 904L steel in a simulated flue gas desulfurization (FGD) solution was studied by electrochemical measurementsand microscopic morphology observation. The results show that as the cooling rates increases, the primary solidification temperatureand the secondary dendrite arm spacing decrease. The precipitated phase in the steel is a σ-phase mainly distributedinterdendrites and forms zones of chromium and molybdenum depletion, reducing pitting resistance. With the increase in thecooling rate, the corrosion resistance increases first and then decreases, and reaches the maximum at 100 °C min−1. At thesame time, different cooling rates result in different contents of Cr and Mo in σ phase. At 100 °C min−1, the concentrationgradient of Cr and Mo near the interdendrites is the lowest compared with other cooling rates, which inhibits the growthrate of the σ phase nuclei and produces a more uniform microstructure. Corrosion test results show that pitting corrosion issensitive to the increase in the contents of Cr and Mo in the σ phase. The higher the content of Cr and Mo in the σ phase, themore serious the depletion of Cr and Mo near the interdendrites, and the worse the corrosion resistance.

A New Design Strategy for Observing Lithium Oxide Growth-Evolution Interactions Using Geometric Catalyst Positioning

Ryu, Won-Hee,Gittleson, Forrest S.,Li, Jinyang,Tong, Xiao,Taylor, André,D. American Chemical Society 2016 NANO LETTERS Vol.16 No.8

<P>Understanding the catalyzed formation and evolution of lithium-oxide products in Li-O-2 batteries is central to the development of next-generation energy storage technology. Catalytic sites, while effective in lowering reaction barriers, often become deactivated when placed on the surface of an oxygen electrode due to passivation by solid products. Here we investigate a mechanism for alleviating catalyst deactivation by dispersing Pd catalytic sites away from the oxygen electrode surface in a well-structured anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous membrane interlayer. We observe the cross-sectional product growth and evolution in Li-O-2 cells by characterizing products that grow from the electrode surface. Morphological and structural details of the products in both catalyzed and uncatalyzed cells are investigated independently from the influence of the oxygen electrode. We find that the geometric decoration of catalysts from the conductive electrode surface significantly improves the reaction reversibility by chemically facilitating the oxidation reaction through local coordination with PdO surfaces. The influence of the catalyst position on product composition is further verified by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in addition to morphological studies.</P>

Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Inulinase from a Marine Yeast Pichia guilliermondii and Inulin Hydrolysis by the Purified Inulinase

Fang Gong,Tong Zhang,Jun Sheng,Jing Li,Xianghong Wang,Zhenming Chi 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.5

The extracellular inulinase of the marine yeast Pichia guilliermondii strain 1 was purified to homogeneity resulting in a 7.2-fold increase in specific inulinase activity. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 50.0 kDa. The op-timal pH and temperature for the purified enzyme were 6.0 and 60C, respectively. The enzyme was activated by Mn²+, Ca²+, K+, Li+, Na+, Fe³+, Fe²+, Cu²+, and Co²+, but Mg²+, Hg²+, and Ag+ inhibited activity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), iodoacetic acid, EDTA, and 1, 10-phenanthroline. The Km and Vmax values of the purified inulinase for inulin were 21.1 mg/mL and 0.08 mg/min, respectively. A large number of monosaccharides were de-tected after the hydrolysis of inulin. The deduced protein sequence from the cloned P. guilliermondii strain 1 inulinase gene contained the consensus motifs R-D-P-K-V-F-W-H and W-M-N-D-P-N-G, which are conserved among the inulinases from other microorganisms.

The Synergism of Human Lactobacillaceae and Inulin Decrease Hyperglycemia via Regulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Profiles in db/db Mice

Li Peifan,Tong Tong,Wu Yusong,Zhou Xin,Zhang Michael,Liu Jia,She Yongxin,Li Zuming,Li Yongli 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.12

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from human feces coordinating with inulin on the composition of gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in db/db mice. These supplements were administered to db/db mice for 12 weeks. The results showed that the Lactobacillaceae coordinating with inulin group (LI) exhibited lower fasting blood glucose levels than the model control group (MC). Additionally, LI was found to enhance colon tissue and increase the levels of short-chain fatty acids. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the abundance of Corynebacterium and Proteus, which were significantly increased in the MC group compared with NC group, were significantly decreased by the treatment of LI that also restored the key genera of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcus_ gnavus_group, Desulfovibrio, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that lotaustralin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 13(S)-HpODE were increased while L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan were decreased in the MC group compared with the NC group. However, the intervention of LI reversed the levels of these metabolites in the intestine. Correlation analysis revealed that Lachnoclostridium and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were negatively correlated with 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 13(S)-HpODE, but positively correlated with L-tryptophan. 13(S)-HpODE was involved in the "linoleic acid metabolism". L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were involved in "tryptophan metabolism" and "serotonergic synapse". These findings suggest that LI may alleviate type 2 diabetes symptoms by modulating the abundance of Ruminococcus_gnavus_group and Lachnoclostridium to regulate the pathways of "linoleic acid metabolism", "serotonergic synapse", and" tryptophan metabolism". Our results provide new insights into prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Based on Oxygen Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron(III) Tetrasulfophthalocyanine

Tong, Yilin,Li, Dapeng,Huang, Jun,Zhang, Cong,Li, Kun,Ding, Liyun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.11

A new fiber optical sensor was developed for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The sensor was based on DCP oxidation by oxygen with the catalysis of iron(III) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (Fe(III)PcTs). The optical oxygen sensing film with $Ru(bpy)_3Cl_2$ as the fluorescence indicator was used to determine the consumption of oxygen in solution. A lock-in amplifier was used for detecting the lifetime of the oxygen sensing film by measuring the phase delay change of the sensor head. The different variables affecting the sensor performance were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions (i.e. pH 6.0, $25^{\circ}C$, Fe(III)PcTs concentration of 0.62 mg/mL), the linear detection range and response time of the sensor are $1.0{\times}10^{-6}-9.0{\times}10^{-6}$ mol/L and 250 s, respectively. The sensor displays high selectivity, good repeatability and stability, and can be used as an effective tool in analyzing DCP concentration in practical samples.

Stereochemistry Structure of Odonicin

Li, Bao-Lin,Li, Jin,Tong, Ling,Pan, Yuan-Jiang,Yu, Kai-Bei Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.2

Effect of nano-CeO₂ on cobalt-based alloy laser coatings

Li, Mingxi,Zhang, Shihong,Li, Huisheng,He, Yizhu,Yoon, Jae-Hong,Cho, Tong-Yul Elsevier 2008 Journal of materials processing technology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cobalt-based alloy coatings with/without nano-CeO<SUB>2</SUB> addition prepared by a 5kW CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser on Q235 low carbon steel were introduced. The effects of nanoparticles on the macro-quality, microstructure, phase composition, and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated. The microstructure and phases composition of the coatings were analyzed using Olympus-Pme-3 type microscope, Philip Xl 30 type scanning electron microscope and XD-3A type X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The wear resistance was tested using MM-200 type sliding wear machine, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by JSM-35C type scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that defect (such as crack, gas hole, etc.) -free coatings were obtained. There existed γ-Co and Cr<SUB>23</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB> in cobalt-based alloy coatings. Another two phases of CeCo<SUB>2</SUB> and ϵ-Co were identified with nanoparticles addition. Fine microstructure and equiaxed dendrite were obtained by adding nano-CeO<SUB>2</SUB>. The relative wear resistance is improved with the increased amount of nano-CeO<SUB>2</SUB>, and the coatings with the best wear resistance when laser power was 2.0kW by adding 1.5wt.% CeO<SUB>2</SUB>. The mechanism was found from abrasive/adhesive wear to fretting wear. The wear resistance decreased with 2.0wt.% CeO<SUB>2</SUB> addition.</P>

FIGHTING AGAINST COVID-19

Tong Li 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

Optimization Control for Space Manipulator Motion Reliability Considering Multi-Index and Multi-Factor

Tong Li,Qingxuan Jia,Gang Chen,Hanxu Sun 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

In order to improve the motion reliability of space manipulator during its long time service on-orbit, multiple indexes which can reflect the motion performance and multiple factors (control variables of manipulator) which have influence on motion reliability are involved in establishing an optimization control model. Thus the problem of motion reliability improvement is expressed as an multiple-objective problem (MOP). In order to solve the MOP, dimension reduction strategy is proposed based on covariance matrix of motion reliability indexes. As a result, the MOP is turned into single objective problem. Then control variables are optimized based on null space of space manipulator, and the best weight matrix can be obtained when the objective is minimal. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization control strategy. By decreasing the error introduction into the control variables, the motion reliability can be effectively improved.