Nutritional Evaluation of the School Lunch Program : The Nutrient Density and Nutrients that affect the Cost of a Meal

Yim,Kyeong Sook (임경숙) 韓國營養學會 1996 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.29 No.10

초등학교 급식 대표음식의 영양밀도 분석 및 영양소-단가 비교연구

임경숙(Yim Kyeong Sook) 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.10

어린이들의 식습관이 비만도와 혈청 지질 수준에 미치는 영향

임경숙(Yim Kyeong Sook),윤은영(Yoon Eun Young),김초일(Kim Cho-il),김경태(Kim Kyeong Tae),김창임(Kim Chang Im),모수미(Mo Sumi),최혜미(Choi Haymie) 韓國營養學會 1993 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.26 No.1

노인의 영양섭취상태에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 요인 분석

임경숙(Yim Kyeong Sook),이태영(Lee Tae Young) 韓國營養學會 2004 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.37 No.3

연구논문 : 아침 결식이 경기지역 남녀 중학생의 영양섭취상태 피로자각도 및 주의집중력에 미치는 영향

임경숙 ( Kyeong Sook Yim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2014 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.29 No.5

Eating breakfast provides crucial nutrition for brain function and helps promote overall health.lt is especially critical in growing adolescents, as it is Known to form good eating habits and better study habits. This study investigated the effects of skipping breakfast on nutritional state, fatigue level, and attention elvel. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 on total of 828 adolescents composed of 414 boys and 414 girls. Students who ate breakfast never to twice per week were placed in the breakfast-skipper group while students who ate breakfast more than five times per week were included in the breakfast-eater group. Students performed a self-reported questionnaire on food behaviors, amount of food consumption, fatigue level, attention deficient hyperactivity disease (ADHD) level by Conners-Wells" Adolescent Self-Report Scales, depression scale, and self-esteem level. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SAS program (version 9.1). A total of 135 boys(32.6%) and 138 girls (33.3%) were included in the breakfast-skipper group, whereas 241 boys(58.2%) and 223 girls (53.9%) were included in the breakfast-eater group. The breakfast-skipper group showed irregular food behaviors and lacked nutrients. Specifically, energy (p<.001), protein (p<.001), dietaty fiber (p<.001), calcium (p<.01), vitamin A((p<.01), thiamin ((p<.05),niacin (p<.001), levels in boy breakfast-skippers were statistically lower compared to boy breakfast-eaters.Intakes of all

50세 이상 중년 및 노인의 건강행위 요인에 따른 영양위험 연구

임경숙(Kyeong Sook Yim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.5

Undernutrition could be a significant deterrent to healthy aging and could negatively affect health outcomes in elderly. This study aimed to assess health-related factors which are associated with nutritional risks in middle-aged and elderly individuals by a cross-sectional study. Interviews were conducted with 2660 subjects (847 males, 1813 females), aged 50 years and over, in 15 cities in Korea. Data on food intake were obtained through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Nutritional status were analyzed according to health-related factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, stress and depression level. Less regular exercise was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition [odds ratio (OR) 1.94; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.43-2.65] of middle-aged and elderly male subjects. Cigarette smoking (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.24-2.71), less exercise (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.07-3.21), stress (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.22), and depression (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.08-1.67) of middle-aged and elderly female subjects was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that less exercise proved to be the strongest predictors for the poor nutrition, followed by stress, smoking, and depression (model R2= 9.0%). It suggests that guidance to promote regular exercise, to quit smoking, to minimize stress and depression level might help to improve nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly in Korea. These findings also suggest that having recommendable health behaviors are beneficial to the good nutrition of subjects aged 50 years and over. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(5) : 592~605, 2007)

Effect of Long-Term Pyridoxine Depletion on Aspartate Aminotransferase and Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate of Rat Liver Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Fractions

Kyeong Sook Yim(임경숙),Haymie Choi(최혜미) 韓國營養學會 1986 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.19 No.4

인제지역 노인의 식품군 섭취 빈도에 따른 영양섭취량 조사

임경숙 ( Kyeong Sook Yim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2008 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

The consumption of a wide variety of food groups is considered one of the key components of nutritional adequacy. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Koreans includes the consumption of a variety of foods from diverse food groups as a component of a normal diet. A survey was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the dietary diversity of food groups and nutrient intake in elderly patients (age 65 and above) at a rural area in Korea (Inje). 296 subjects (111 male and 185 female) were probed in a 3 day 24-recall dietary survey. Subjects were grouped according to food group intake frequency, based on six food groups (grain, meat/fish/legume/egg, vegetable, fat/oil, dairy, fruit). Nutritional quality was evaluated according to the numbers of nutrients under EAR (Estimated Average Requirements), and MAR (mean adequacy ratios). The frequency of elderly subjects consuming a meat/fish/legumes/egg food group less than once per day was 29.4%. The frequency of elderly subjects consuming fat/oil food group less than once per day was 65.8%. The percentage of subjects who did not eat dairy food was 88.8%, and that of subjects who did not eat fruit was 57.5%. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop models relating nutritional quality to possible food group intake frequency factors. Using the number of nutrients under EAR as a dependent variable, the meat/fish/legume/egg food group intake frequency explained 9.9% of variance, followed by the grain group, fat/oil group, dairy group, and vegetable and fruit group (Model R2=0.260). For mean nutrient adequacy ratio as a dependent variable, the model R2 was 0.326. The results of this study suggest that a highly varied diet in elderly might be associated with better nutritional quality, as assessed by nutrient intake. Accordingly, dietary guidelines should take into consideration nutritional characteristics in order to improve intake from all major food groups and to provide a variety of foods in the diet.

경기지역 일부 남녀 고등학생의 비만도, 체형불만족도 및 식습관이 식사장애 위험도에 미치는 영향

임경숙(Kyeong Sook Yim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2010 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.15 No.5

Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program. (Korean J Community Nutr 15(5): 656~669, 2010)

Effect of Tyrosine Deficiency on the Catecholamine Level of Developing Brain

송은승,최혜미,임경숙,Song, Eun-Seung,Choi, Hay-Mie,Yim, Kyeong-Sook 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

임신한 Sprague-Dawley계 랫드(무게 200~230g) 40마리를 10마리씩 4그룹으로 나누어, 대조군은 임신시부터 분만후 5주까지 계속적으로 tyrosine 0.36%의 표준식이를 주었으며, DEF I group은 분만시부터, DEF II group은 임신 15일째부터, DEF III group은 임신 8일째부터 tyrosine이 포함안된 제한식이로 바꾸어 주었다. 이들 group으로부터 분만된 어린 랫드를 각각 일정간격으로 임의 추출하여 희생시켰다. 이들의 체중과 뇌의 무게를 측청하였으며, 뇌와 혈액내의 protein과 tyrosine 함량을 측청하였고, 또한 뇌에서 tyrosine으로 부터 합성되는 신경전달물질로 알려진 dopamine과 norepinephrine을 측정하여, 모체의 식이중의 tyrosine 결핍과 어린 랫드의 뇌성장 및 brain catecholamine 합성과의 관련성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 체중과 뇌의 무게는 모체에 제한식이를 오래 시행할수록 현저하게 감소됨을 볼 수 있었다. tyrosine이 결핍될 경우 혈액과 뇌의 protein양이 적어졌으며, serum protein은 젖뗀 이후 group간의 차이가 거의 사라졌으나 brain protein의 경우 계속적으로 차이가 있었다. 혈청내의 tyrosine의 경우에도 tyrosine 제한 식이를 오래 시행한 group일수록 전기간에 걸쳐 심한 저하를 보였다. 뇌의 tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine은 모두 출생 후 7~21일 사이에 최고 농도를 나타냈으며 group간의 차이도 이 시기에 가장 크게 나타났다. 그러나 이들이 모두 유의적인 차이를 나타낸 것은 생후7일 뿐인 것으로 보아 모체의 tyrosine 제한식이 는 출생초기의 어린 랫드에만 뇌 catecholamine의 심한 지장을 초래함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 tyrosine으로 부터 합성되는 catecholamine중에서 dopamine 다음 단계에 생성되는 norepinephrine이 tyrosine 결핍식이에 의해 더욱 영향을 받음은 특이할 만한 사실이다. Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200~230 g, were mated with healthy males. And pregnant rats were seperated and fed a tyrosine deficient diet (tyr. 0.00%) during various stages of gestation and lactation period, and the offsprings were compared with the rats fed a tyrosine control diet (tyr. 0.36%). Brain and serum protein, brain and serum tyrosine and brain catecholamines; norepinephrine and dopamine were measured. Body weight and brain weight were also measured. DEF. I group received the deficient diet from delivery; DEF. II group, from the 15th day of gestation; DEF. III group, from the 8th day of gestation and continued until 35th day of postnatal period. Control group was fed a control diet (tyr. 0.36%) throughout the experimental period. Body and brain weight were significantly lower in deficient groups than those of the control group, but the brain weight was not so severely affected by the tyrosine deficient diet as the body weight. And tyrosine deficiency to have an adverse effect on brain protein synthesis and the adverse effect appeared more severe in preweaning than in postweaning period. In deficient groups, serum tyrosine showed severely decreasing tendency, but brain tyrosine did show such a sharp decrease. Brain norepinephrine and dopamine contents a decreasing tendency in deficient groups compared with the control group. But only at 7th day, both norepinephrine and dopamine contents were significantly depressed in all three DEF. groups. This shows that tyrosine restriction in maternal diet is not so critical to brain catecholamine content of offsprings except the neonatal rats. It seems that norepinephrine level was more affected by dietary tyrosine restriction than the dopamine level.