Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in RAW Cells Treated with Carthami Flos Herbal Acupuncture Solution

Kang Seung-beom,Kim Jong-in,Kim Yong-seok,Kang Sung-keel,Koh Hyung-kyun 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

목적 : 紅花는 活血祛瘀, 解毒止痛의 효능이 있어 관절염, 動脈硬化, 腫瘍, 月經不調, 腦血栓에 사용되어 왔다. 이에 紅花藥鍼液의 분자생물학적 효능 분석을 하고자 Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 염증을 유발한 RAW 264.7 cell의 遺傳子 發顯에 미치는 영향을 Microarray를 통하여 관찰하였다. 방법 : RAW cell을 배양하고 紅花藥鍼液의 세포 독성을 확인한 후 ① LPS, ② 紅花藥鍼液, ③ 紅花藥鍼液과 LPS를 처치했을 때의 유전자 발현양상을 microarray를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 대조군에 비해 2배 이상 발현의 차이가 있는 경우를 유의한 것으로 보았다. 결과 : 8,170개의 유전자 중 ① LPS를 처치하였을 경우 35개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되었고, ② 紅花藥鍼液을 처치하였을 경우 11개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되고 53개의 유전자에서 발현이 억제되었으며, ③ 紅花藥鍼液과 LPS를 동시에 처치하였을 경우에는 47개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되었고 11개의 유전자에서 발현이 억제되었다. LPS 자극으로 발현이 상승되었지만 紅花藥鍼液을 처치할 때 발현이 억제되는 유전자는 SUMO1/sentrin specific protease 7(SENP7), Serine(or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade B(ovalbumin), member 7(SERPINB7), M-phase phosphoprotein, mpp8(HSMPP8), Glycogenin 2 (GYG2), InaD-like(Drosophila)(INADL), Copine III(CPNE3), Loss of heterozygosity, 11, chromosomal region 2, gene A(LOH11CR2A), Chromosome 9 open reading frame 33(SHC3), NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa(NDUFB2)로 9개가 있었다. 요약 : 紅花藥鍼液이 LPS로 염증을 유발시킨 RAW 264.7 cell의 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 Microarray를 통해 분석하였다. 紅花藥鍼液이 LPS로 발현을 항진시킨 35개의 유전자 중 9개를 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 확인하여 염증 치료 기전을 시사하는 유용한 자료를 얻을 수 있었으며 紅花藥鍼液이 발현을 항진시킨 유전자들을 통해 혈관생성과 종양억제 등 보다 넓은 범위에 대한 연구가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

The Effect of Acupuncture,Moxibustion and C.F Aqua-acupuncture on the Contents of Serotonin and Catecholamine in the Several Regions of Rat Brain

Kang, Sung-Keel,Kim, Young-Jin 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1991 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1991 No.3

This paper is to investigate the analgesic effects of acupuncture, moxibustion and aqua-acupuncture by measuring the contents of serotonin and catecholamine in several regions of rat brain with HLPC. By the results of the experiment, it is concluded that the acupuncture, moxibustion and C.F. aqua-acupuncture applied to bilateral Kollyun (BL60) loci had significant increases of serotonin and decreases of catecholamine in the frontal cortex, striatum, amygdala and hippocampus in rat brain and these seemed to demonstrate the mechanism of analgesic effect by the change of the serotonin and catecholamine is intracerebral neurotransmitters.

DNA Synthesis and Radiosensitivity in Synchronized Human Kidney Cells in Vitro

Kang, Yung-Sun,Park, Sang-Dai,Lee, Chung-Keel The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1971 동물학회지 Vol.14 No.4

5-AU (5-aminouracil)를 처리하므로써 세포분열의 동시화를 촉진시킨 사람의 신장세포의 분열활동, 염색체 이상 및 DNA복제 양상에 미치는 X-선의 영향을 조직배양 및 자기방사법(autoradiography)을 통하여 추구하였다. 5-AU처리구에서 분열활동의 최고점은 5-AU를 처리한 뒤 10시간에서 나타나며, 대조구에 비해서 6배나 높음을 보여준다. 5-AU 처리후 100R의 X-선을 조사한 실험구에서는 X-선의 영향은 주로 세포분열을 지연시키고 분열활동을 저해시킬 뿐 아니라 분열활동의 최고점을 보여주는 시간을 불규칙하게 한다. 대조구에서 세포당 염색체이상율은 0.030에 불과하나 5-AU를 처리할 경우는 0.147로 높아진다. 한편 5-AU+100R 및 5-AU+200R의 X-선 처리구에서 세포당 염색체 이상율은 각각 0.583 및 0.669로 보다 높아짐을 보겠다. 한편 세포당 1R당 평균 염색체 이상율은 0.0035가 된다. 본 실험결과를 통해 보면 5-AU가 표지된 분열상의 출\ulcorner빈도 및 표지강도를 높이고 있음을 알겠는데, 그것은 5-AU가 세포주기중 S기에 놓인 세포를 축적시키는 힘이 있기때문이라고 보겠다. 이와는 반대로 X-선은 세포의 표지강도와 표지된 분열상의 출현빈도를 저하시킨다. The effects of X-irradiation on the mitotic activity, the chromosome aberration and the DNA synthetic pattern in synchronized human kidney cells treated with 5-AU were measured in the present experiment. When 5-AU was added, mitotic activity was markedly suppressed. After removal of the cells from the chemical, its activity proceeded synchronouly and reached peaks at hours 10. In 5-AU+100R groups, it was observed the X-ray caused mitotic delay, the irregularity of the time when mitotic peak appeared and the inhibiton of mitotic activity. In the control group, chromosome aerrations per cell was 0.030, whereas 0.147 in 5-AU treated group. In 5-AU+100R and 5-AU+200R groups, chromosome aberrations per cell were 0.583 and 0.669 respectively and the average chromosome aberrations per cell per R was 0.0035. 5-AU increased the frequency of labeled metaphases together with labeling intensity, and this is thought to be due to the accumulation of cells by 5-AU at S stage. On the contrary, X-ray decreased the labeling intensity and the frequency of labeled metaphases.

Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture on Spasticity in Stroke Patients

Sung Keel Kang,Yong Suk Kim 경희대학교 한의학연구소 1997 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.2 No.1

Clinical Application of Acupuncture : Present and Future

Kang, Sung-Keel 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1994 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1994 No.4

Acupuncture has been practiced in Asia for more than 2,500 years to relieve symptoms, especially pain, and to cure diseases as well as for maintenance of health and rehabilitation. In East-Asian countries, acupuncture if officially recognized by the goverment and has been widely used in their health care systems. But acupuncture has not yet or is just beginning to be practiced in western countries. I believe the scientific explanation of the acupuncture mechanism and clinical research promotes the popularization of acupuncture treatment for various diseases in many countries. I have reviewed the present status of acupuncture on the technical classification of acupuncture and clinical research, and I strongly recommend further studies on fundamental research, mechanism research, clinical research, the study for the efficacy of acupuncture, acupuncture epidemiology and classic acupuncture literature study especially on the basis of the theoretical and practical concept of Oriental medicine for the clinical application of acupucture.

Clinical Observation of Bell's Palsy

Sung-Keel KANG(姜成吉),Yong-Suk KIM(金容奭) 대한한의학회 1995 대한한의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Experimental studies on the effect of ginseng radix aqua-acupuncture

Kang, Sung-Keel,Lee, Hye-Jung,Park, Young-Bae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1989 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1989 No.3

水鍼療法은 經絡學說을 근거로 鍼□와 藥理□果를 동시에 기대하는 新鍼療法이다. 韓國産人蔘은 各種□患에 대해 豫防 및 治療動果가 있음이 보고 되고 있다. 이를 근거로 人蔘水鍼의 □果를 實驗的으로 比較硏究하고자 시도하였다. 人蔘氷鍼에 대한 實驗으로 人蔘, 白蔘 및 紅蔘애 따른 水鍼動果, 水鍼液외 製劑方法에 따른 水鍼□果. 다른 水鍼藥物과의 □果比較 및 Ethanol 中毒에 대한 人蔘水鍼, 鍼 및 □의 □果比較를 動物實驗을 通해 觀察하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1.水蔘, 白蔘 및 紅蔘의 人蔘水鍼이 Alloxan으로 誘發시킨 糖尿病 흰쥐와 Hydrocortisone acetate로 誘發시킨 陽盧動物橫型의 흰쥐에 대해 水蔘, 白蔘 및 紅蔘의 人蔘水鍼모두 有意한 □果가 나타났으며, 特히 白蔘가 水蔘水鍼이 紅蔘水鍼보다 有意하게 認定되었다. 2.白蔘으로 水提法, 水提 alcohol沈法 및 蒸溜·水提 alcohol 沈法에 따라 襲劑한 入蔘水鍼이 Methotrexate로 유발시킨 免疫기능低下나 Hydrocortisene acetate로 유발시킨 陽慮動物模型의 흰쥐에 미치는 □果에 대한 成□비교에서는 水提 alcohol沈法에 따라 □造한 人蔘水鍼이 가장 □果가 良好하였다. 3.methotrexate로 유발시킨 免疫기능低下에 대한 人蔘水鍼과 鹿茸水鍼의 □果比較에서는 人蔘水鍼이 免疫기능低下에 더 有意한 □果를 나타내었고 鹿茸水鍼은 體重增加 및 消化液分泌에 더 有意한 □果를 나타내었다. 또한 Alloxan으로 유발시킨 糖尿病에는 人蔘 및 鹿茸水鍼 모두 有意한 □果를 나타내었다. 4.人蔘水鍼, 鍼 및 灸의 ethanol 中毒에 대한 □果比較에서는 人蔘水鍼과 灸가 鍼□□果보다 有意한 □果를 나타내었다. 以上의 □果로 보아 人蔘水鍼은 성채의 代謝기능과 免□기능에 대해 有意한 回復효과가 있음이 認定되며, 또한 보다 적극적인 人蔘水鍼의 臨床活用을 위해 安全性, 品質관리 및 副作用등에 대한 계속적인 硏究가 補完進行되어야 한다고 思料된다. Aqua-acupuncture is a relatively new method whereby liquid herbal decoction injected into acupuncture loci, a form of an integration of pharmaceutical therapeutics and acupuncture treatment together. Recently aqua-acupuncture which solutions are prepared by Korean Ginseng Radix and other herbal medicines have been experimented with in the laboratories and partially applied in clinics as well. Although most of the results by talc aqua-acupuncture were seen to be very effective, the understanding of its mechanism of action and the foregoing experimental studies are still relatively in the rudimental stage. The results showed that the treatment and prevention of diseases like diabetes, immune suppression and Yang Insuffciency model in animal with Korean Ginseng Radix (GR) aqua-acupuncture proved to be effective. Continued study on the aqua-acupuncture is needed to expand the new method of stimulating acupuncture points. This holds promise of extending the application in clinics. The study also revealed that further studies on the quality of Ginseng, methed of solution preparation and unfavorable side effect are required to provide a firm foundation for the development of this new therapy. Aqua-acupuncture as a new acupuncture13), which is based on the meridian theory in Oriental medicine, is the technique of injection of extract solution derived from herbal medicinal substances into the acupuncture point. It is proved to have excellent therapeutic effect among the recent experimental studies.19-12, 14-21, 35, 36, 44) In the studies it was seen that the quality of Ginseng used and the method of preparation of its solution had an effect on the results in various diseases. Hence, the adequate type of Ginseng and the proper method of solution preparation should be followed before GR aqua-acupuncture is applied to clinical practice in wide. The purpose of this study is to analyse the results of the preceding reports on GR aqua-acupuncture and compare them with the other therapeutics in order to identify strong points GR aqua-acupuncture and to draw out the general issues for the clinical practice.

Acanthopanax senticosus Reverses Fatty Liver Disease and Hyperglycemia in ob/ob Mice

Sang Hyun Park,Sang Gil Lee,Sung Keel Kang,Sung Hyun Chung 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.9

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in obesity. However, weight reduction alone does not prevent the progression of NAFLD to end-stage disease associated with the development of cirrhosis and liver disease. In a previous experiment, 50% ethanol extract of Acanthopanax senticosus stem bark (ASSB) was found to reduce body weight and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic ICR mice. To evaluate the anti-steatosis action of ASSB, insulin-resistant ob/ob mice with fatty livers were treated with ASSB ethanol extract for an 8 week-period. ASSB ethanol extract reversed the hepatomegaly, as evident in reduction of % liver weight/body weight ratio. ASSB ethanol extract also specifically lowered circulating glucose and lipids, and enhanced insulin action in the liver. These changes culminated in inhibition of triglyceride synthesis in non-adipose tissues including liver and skeletal muscle. Gene expression studies confirmed reductions in glucose 6-phosphatase and lipogenic enzymes in the liver. These results demonstrate that ASSB ethanol extract is an effective treatment for insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice by decreasing hepatic lipid synthesis.

Assessment of Prognosis by Initial Symptoms and Signs in Bell's Palsy

Kang, Sung-Keel,Kim, Yong-Suk 경희대학교 1995 慶熙醫學 Vol.11 No.3-4

고온 반응로에서 로 내 탈황을 위한 CaCO₃ 흡착제 입자의 주위 기체와 체류시간에 따른 특성 변화

이강수(Kang Soo Lee),정재희(Jae Hee Jung),길상인(Sang In Keel),김상수(Sang Soo Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

In-furnace desulfurization technique is applied to the O₂/CO₂ combustion system for CCS process despite of its low desulfurization efficiency because this combustion system needs not additional chamber for the desulfurzation. The CaCO₃ sorbent, which has wide size range from a few nanometers to several tens of micrometers, is used for this process. In this study, the experimental system which can simulate the O₂/CO₂ combustion system was developed. CaCO₃ sorbent was exposed to the reactor at l200℃ with various residence times (0.33~1.46 sec) in air and CO₂ surroundings, respectively. Then, the sorbent particles were sampled at inlet and outlet of the reactor and analyzed quantitatively/qualitatively using SMPS, APS, XRD, and SEM. In a result, it was shown that the residence time and CO₂ surrounding condition in a reactor can affect the characteristics of CaCO₃ sorbents for In-furnace desulfurization technique.