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( Hirofumi Nakayama ),( Yasuyuki Kimura ),( Takayuki Shimaoka ),( Ryoichi Furuta ),( Ichiro Hiura ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1
Radioactive materials were widely spread as a result of a nuclear accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant initiated by the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, which occurred on March 11. Radioactive decontamination work for the same is still underway. At the temporary storage sites, decontamination wastes are stored in flexible containers and gas-permeable waterproof sheets are used for capping to cover the waste. However, currently, 6 years after the accident, several capping sheets are being reported as damaged, raising concerns about the contamination of surrounding environment because of rain leaking through the capping sheet. Large puddles formed on top of the capping sheets are the main cause for their damage. The reported damages include tears in the capping sheet materials and separation of joints caused by the tension generated by the puddles. More than 1000 temporary storage sites have been constructed and more than 100,000 mountains have been built. At these sites, it is necessary to monitor the puddles formed on the capping sheets and inspect the resulting damages. Although visual inspection of temporary storage sites is currently being conducted approximately once a month, the number of temporary storage sites is vast and conducting inspection by climbing on degraded capping sheets involves a risk in terms of the safety of the workers. Therefore, this study investigates a monitoring method to locate a site with a high probability of damages on the capping sheets via measurement of the strain generated by the puddles on the sheets and using a drone to photograph and analyze the temporary storage sites. This study generated 3D models via SfM analysis of the images photographed by drones and aimed to develop a method to estimate the damage endangered area by estimating the stress and strain distribution with FEM using the coordinate data of the point groups forming the 3D models as the input data. The results of this study are as follows: Strain and stress generated by the puddles are concentrated at the edges of the puddles. For mock temporary storage site, we were able to confirm a strain of approximately 20% and stress of 9 MPa measured by adhering a strain gauge to the capping sheet. This is five times greater than 1.75 MPa, the self-standard value of the capping sheet strength set by the Japan Water Sealing Association, and therefore, monitoring of the sheet is considered to be of utmost importance. There was an increase in the strain and stress values near the vicinity of the puddle center; however, they were only about half of the values at the edges. Strain and stress distribution for mock temporary storage sites were calculated via FEM analysis. Because the measured results and the analytically calculated values were consistent in terms of the location and the degree of strain, we can infer that there is a constant validity and believe that it is possible to apply this to an actual site. The method developed in this study was applied for the detection of damage endangered area at an actual temporary storage site for decontamination waste in Fukushima. Concentration of the strain and stress near the top of the slope at the edge of the temporary storage site was confirmed and the strain value was recorded up to a maximum of 4%, while a maximum of 1.8 MPa was attained for the stress. These values slightly exceed 1.75 MPa, which is the self-standard tensile strength set by the Japan Water Sealing Association.
Yi, SoJeong,An, Hyungmi,Lee, Howard,Lee, Sangin,Ieiri, Ichiro,Lee, Youngjo,Cho, Joo-Youn,Hirota, Takeshi,Fukae, Masato,Yoshida, Kenji,Nagatsuka, Shinichiro,Kimura, Miyuki,Irie, Shin,Sugiyama, Yuichi,S Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2014 PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS Vol.24 No.10
BACKGROUND: Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are one of the major factors that cause ethnic differences in drug response. This study aimed to investigate genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism, transport, and excretion among Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations, the three major East Asian ethnic groups. METHODS: The frequencies of 1936 variants representing 225 genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters were determined from 786 healthy participants (448 Korean, 208 Japanese, and 130 Chinese) using the Affymetrix Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters Plus microarray. To compare allele or genotype frequencies in the high-dimensional data among the three East Asian ethnic groups, multiple testing, principal component analysis (PCA), and regularized multinomial logit model through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used. RESULTS: On microarray analysis, 1071 of 1936 variants (>50% of markers) were found to be monomorphic. In a large number of genetic variants, the fixation index and Pearson’s correlation coefficient of minor allele frequencies were less than 0.034 and greater than 0.95, respectively, among the three ethnic groups. PCA identified 47 genetic variants with multiple testing, but was unable to discriminate ethnic groups by the first three components. Multinomial least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis identified 269 genetic variants that showed different frequencies among the three ethnic groups. However, none of those variants distinguished between the three ethnic groups during subsequent PCA. CONCLUSION: Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations are not pharmacogenetically distant from one another, at least with regard to drug disposition, metabolism, and elimination.
Jeong, Yeon Jun,Cho, Baik Hwan,Kinugasa, Yusuke,Song, Chang Ho,Hirai, Ichiro,Kimura, Wataru,Fujimiya, Mineko,Murakami, Gen Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Clinical anatomy Vol.22 No.6
<P>The developing mesocolon transversum was investigated using hematoxylin and eosin-stained semiserial sections derived from 17 human fetuses between 12 and 30 weeks of gestation. The mesocolon was attached to the mesoduodenum and greater omentum until 12 weeks. However, the fetal duodenal attachment appeared not to correspond to the right colic flexure in adults. The greater omentum and mesocolon were likely to be irregularly folded at the attachment site possibly because the developing transverse colon “ran into” and pushed up the greater omentum and pancreatic head. Lymphatic vessels invaded the indistinct fusion plane to destroy the primary configuration. Moreover, the mesocolon seemed to “seize” or take-over some parts of the splenic side of the greater omentum, but the thick gastric side containing the right gastroepiploic artery and vein remained along the greater curvature. Until 20 weeks, the left colic flexure was fixed to the pancreatic tail, and near the flexure the mesocolon also fused with the renal fascia. The left splenic end of the greater omentum was folded and fused together to form a thick ligament-like structure, i.e., the gastrocolic ligament. In addition, near the duodenojejunal junction, a peritoneal bridge was often seen containing the inferior mesenteric artery or vein. Although surgeons generally believe that the mesocolon can be gently detached from the greater omentum, the fusion plane in adults appears to be the result of secondary modification and simplification by vascular development. Clin. Anat. 22:716–729, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Subspecific Status of the Korean Tiger Inferred by Ancient DNA Analysis
Lee, Mu-Yeong,Hyun, Jee-Yun,Lee, Seo-Jin,An, Jung-Hwa,Lee, Eun-Ok,Min, Mi-Sook,Kimura, Junpei,Kawada, Shin-Ichiro,Kurihara, Nozomi,Luo, Shu-Jin,O'Brien, Stephen J.,Johnson, Warren E.,Lee, Hang The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2012 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.28 No.1
The tiger population that once inhabited the Korean peninsula was initially considered a unique subspecies (Panthera tigris coreensis), distinct from the Amur tiger of the Russian Far East (P. t. altaica). However, in the following decades, the population of P. t. coreensis was classified as P. t. altaica and hence forth the two populations have been considered the same subspecies. From an ecological point of view, the classification of the Korean tiger population as P. t. altaica is a plausible conclusion. Historically, there were no major dispersal barriers between the Korean peninsula and the habitat of Amur tigers in Far Eastern Russia and northeastern China that might prevent gene flow, especially for a large carnivore with long-distance dispersal abilities. However, there has yet to be a genetic study to confirm the subspecific status of the Korean tiger. Bone samples from four tigers originally caught in the Korean peninsula were collected from two museums in Japan and the United States. Eight mitochondrial gene fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published tiger subspecies' mtDNA sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the Korean tiger. Three individuals shared an identical haplotype with the Amur tigers. One specimen grouped with Malayan tigers, perhaps due to misidentification or mislabeling of the sample. Our results support the conclusion that the Korean tiger should be classified as P. t. altaica, which has important implications for the conservation and reintroduction of Korean tigers.