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AYANO KAWAE,YOSUKE UCHIDA 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
The aim of this work was to inhibit the heat- and moisture- induced yellowing of ECF/TCF bleached hard wood kraft pulp (HBKP) retaining hexenuronic acid (HexA). We have already reported that one of the derivatives of HexA, 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), causes yellowing of HBKP in acidic paper, and that FFA might polymerize or react with pulp components to form new chromophoric groups (1). In this study, it was shown that the carboxylic base of FFA interacts with that of glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, resulting in strong yellowing. Therefore, it seems that preventing the reaction of carboxylic bases could be effective in suppressing this yellowing. We have discovered that polycarboxylic acids (for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.) are useful as a yellowing inhibitor.
A Cluster of Internet Companies in Tokyo: Review of Bit Valley
Yu Kawa Kou 한국지역학회 2002 지역연구 Vol.18 No.3
The Internet is an innovative channel for distributing information that generates new types of businesses and urges existing industry`s organizational restructuring. As a consequence, the IT industry has to adapt to the speed of technological innovation and to the emergence of new products and services more quickly than other industries. To adapt to such a business environment, IT companies tend to locate themselves in the proximity of specific regions and form a clusters such as Silicon Valley and Silicon Alley in the United States. In these clusters networks of personal contacts are likely to be developed because of the proximity of companies and to bring about industry-wide progress. These clusters may be regarded as communities of the same kind of specialists located in the same neighborhood. Once such communities are formed, the distribution of information inside the communities speeds up, quality and quantity of information are enhanced and the frequency of product innovation increases. This consequently leads to the progress of the entire industry located in a specific region. A concentrated region, on the other hand, is only a cluster if networks of personal contacts and communities have been formed in the region. Thus the key concept of the cluster is community. By focusing the clustering process and current status of Bit Valley, Tokyo`s cluster of Internet companies, this paper discusses about (1) formulation of communities of Internet companies, (2) communities that evolved into brand (3) decline of the brand after the collapse of the bubble and (4) future of the cluster of Internet companies in Japan. Based on these analysis of Bit valley, this paper also suggest to support coordinators and branding as policy implications for the cluster of Internet companies.
The New Thick-Film Hybrid Converters For Halogen and Fluorescent Lamps
Gondek, J.,Dzialek, K.,Kocol, J.,Kawa, B. The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2001 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Economical consumption of energy, longer life of lamps, higher lighting comfort and new aesthetic of illumination is subject of numerous research and development works. The halogen lamps are an example of positive solution some of above mentioned problems. The electronic transformers are more frequent used for their supply. In comparison with conventional transformers they have less weight, less volume and 60% less power losses. Their advantages are particular visible, when the hybrid technique is applied. The paper presents the results of engineering research and development works carried out in Private Institute of Electronic Engineering, in R. & D. Center for Hybrid Microelectronics and Resistors and in Technical School of Communications in Krakow, in the field of the design and exploitation tests of hybrid converters 220V AC /12V DC (electronic transformers) and electronic ballasts destined for the supply of halogen lamps 20W to 150W and fluorescent lamps respectively. To perform the converters, thick film technology and surface mount technology were used. For the protection of converter electronic circuit the thick film temperature sensor and transistors were applied. Moreover the paper presents the base application circuits of elaborated converters, their technical parameters and exploitation results. The development perspectives of such domain of hybrid circuits are also discussed.