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DISCOVERY OF A WANDERING RADIO JET BASE AFTER A LARGE X-RAY FLARE IN THE BLAZAR MARKARIAN 421
Niinuma, K.,Kino, M.,Doi, A.,Hada, K.,Nagai, H.,Koyama, S. IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.807 No.1
<P>We investigate the location of the radio jet bases ('radio cores') of blazars in radio images and their stationarity by means of dense very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. In order to measure the position of a radio core, we conducted a 12 epoch astrometric observation of the blazar Markarian 421 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry at 22 GHz immediately after a large X-ray flare, which occurred in the middle of 2011 September. For the first time, we find that the radio core is not stationary but rather changes its location toward 0.5 mas downstream. This angular scale corresponds to the de-projected length of a scale of 10(5) Schwarzschild radii (R-s) at the distance of Markarian 421. This radio-core wandering may be a new type of manifestation associated with the phenomena of large X-ray flares.</P>
SAWADA-SATOH, S.,AKIYAMA, K.,NIINUMA, K.,NAGAI, H.,KINO, M.,D'AMMANDO, F.,KOYAMA, S.,HADA, K.,ORIENTI, M.,HONMA, M.,SHIBATA, K.M. The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
We present a kinematic study of the parsec-scale radio jet in OJ 287, one of the most studied BL Lac objects, during ${\gamma}$-ray flares, to explore the relation between parsec-scale radio jet activity and ${\gamma}$-ray emission. The 22-GHz light curve of OJ 287 show three obvious flare events around 2011 May, 2011 October, and 2012 March. The second radio flare occurred during the ${\gamma}$-ray flaring period, and the third radio flare seemed to precede the ${\gamma}$-ray flare by one month. One jet component moved outward with respect to the core component with an apparent superluminal speed (~ 11c) from 2010 November to 2011 November. Then it changed direction, moving apparently inward in 2011 November, when the ${\gamma}$-ray flare occurred. The observed apparent inward motion of the jet at 22 GHz could be caused by a new jet component, unresolved at 22 GHz, in the innermost region.
Kino, M.,Takahara, F.,Hada, K.,Akiyama, K.,Nagai, H.,Sohn, B. W. IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.803 No.1
<P>We explore the degree of magnetization at the jet base of M87 by using the observational data of the event horizon telescope (EHT) at 230 GHz obtained by Doeleman et al. By utilizing the method in Kino et al., we derive the energy densities of the magnetic fields (U-B) and electrons and positrons (U-+/-) in the compact region detected by EHT (the EHT region) with its FWHM size. 40 mu as. First, we assume that an optically thick region for synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) exists in the EHT. region. Then, we find that the SSA-thick region should not be too large, in order to. not. overproduce the Poynting power at the EHT. region. The allowed ranges of the angular size and the magnetic-field strength of the SSA-thick region are 21 mu as <= theta(thick) <= 26.3 mu as and 50 G <= B-tot <= 124 G, respectively. Correspondingly, U-B >> U-+/- is realized in this case. We further examine the composition of plasma and energy density of protons by utilizing the Faraday rotation measurement at 230 GHz obtained by Kuo et al. Then, we find that U-B >> U-+/- + U-p still holds in the SSA-thick region. Second, we examine the case when the EHT. region is fully SSA-thin. Then, we find that U-B >> U-+/- still holds unless protons are relativistic. Thus, we conclude that the magnetically driven jet scenario in M87 is viable in terms of energetics close to the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit scale unless the EHT. region is fully SSA-thin and relativistic protons dominated.</P>
Kim, N.A.,Song, K.,Lim, D.G.,Hada, S.,Shin, Y.K.,Shin, S.,Jeong, S.H. Elsevier 2015 European journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol.78 No.-
<P>The purpose of this study was to develop a basal buffer system for a biobetter version of recombinant human interferon-beta la (rhIFN-beta la), termed R27T, to optimize its biophysical stability. The protein was pre-screened in solution as a function of pH (2-11) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the result, its experimental pI and optimal pH range were 5.8 and 3.6-4.4, respectively. Design of experiment (DoE) approach was developed as a practical tool to aid formulation studies as a function of pH (2.9-5.7), buffer (phosphate, acetate, citrate, and histidine), and buffer concentration (20 mM and 50 mM). This method employed a weight-based procedure to interpret complex data sets and to investigate critical key factors representing protein stability. The factors used were T-m, enthalpy, and relative helix contents which were obtained by DSC and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Although the weights changed by three responses, objective functions from a set of experimental designs based on four buffers were highest in 20 mM acetate buffer at pH 3.6 among all 19 scenarios tested. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was adopted to investigate accelerated storage stability in order to optimize the pH value with susceptible stability since the low pH was not patient-compliant. Interestingly, relative helix contents and storage stability (monomer remaining) increased with pH and was the highest at pH 4.0. On the other hand, relative helix contents and thermodynamic stability decreased at pH 4.2 and 4.4, suggesting protein aggregation issues. Therefore, the optimized basal buffer system for the novel biobetter was proposed to be 20 mM acetate buffer at pH 3.8 +/- 0.2. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Discovery of off-axis jet structure of TeV blazar Mrk 501 with mm-VLBI
Koyama, S.,Kino, M.,Giroletti, M.,Doi, A.,Giovannini, G.,Orienti, M.,Hada, K.,Ros, E.,Niinuma, K.,Nagai, H.,Savolainen, T.,Krichbaum, T. P.,Pé,rez-Torres, M. Á,. Springer-Verlag 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.586 No.-