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Hada Yoshiaki,Shikuma Haruo,Ito Hiroshi,Kikutani Takeshi The Korean Fiber Society 2005 Fibers and polymers Vol.6 No.1
High-speed melt spinning of syndiotactic polystyrene was carried out using high and low molecular weight polymers, HM s-PS and LM s-PS, at the throughput rates of 3 and 6 g/min. The effect of take-up velocity on the structure and properties of as-spun fibers was investigated. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of the as-spun fibers revealed that the orientation-induced crystallization started to occur at the take-up velocities of 2-3 km/min. The crystal modification was a-form. Birefringence of as-spun fibers showed negative value, and the absolute value of birefringence increased with an increase in the take-up velocity. The cold crystallization temperature analyzed through the differential scanning calorimetry (OSC) decreased with an increase in the take-up velocity in the low speed region, whereas as the melting temperature increased after the on-set of orientation-induced crystallization. It was found that the fiber structure development proceeded from lower take-up velocities when the spinning conditions of higher molecular weight and lower throughput rate were adopted. The highest tensile modulus of 6.5 GPa was obtained for the fibers prepared at the spinning conditions of LM s-PS, 6 g/min and 5 km/min, whereas the highest tensile strength of 160 MPa was obtained for the HM s-PS fibers at the take-up velocity of 2 km/min. Elongation at break of as-spun fibers showed an abrupt increase, which was regarded as the brittle-ductile transition, in the low speed region, and subsequently decreased with an increase in the take-up velocity. There was a universal relation between the thermal and mechanical properties of as-spun fibers and the birefringence of as-spun fibers when the fibers were still amorphous. The orientation-induced crystallization was found to start when the birefringence reached -0.02. After the starting of the orientation-induced crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of as-spun fibers with similar level of birefringence varied significantly depending on the processing conditions.
Hada, Kazuhiro,Doi, Akihiro,Wajima, Kiyoaki,D’Ammando, Filippo,Orienti, Monica,Giroletti, Marcello,Giovannini, Gabriele,Nakamura, Masanori,Asada, Keiichi American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.860 No.2
<P>We investigated the detailed radio structure of the jet of 1H 0323+342 using high-resolution multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array observations. This source is known as the nearest gamma-ray emitting radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy. We discovered that the morphology of the inner jet is well characterized by a parabolic shape, indicating that the jet is continuously collimated near the jet base. On the other hand, we found that the jet expands more rapidly at larger scales, resulting in a conical shape. The location of the 'collimation break' is coincident with a bright quasi-stationary feature at mas from core (corresponding to a deprojected distance on the order of similar to 100 pc), where the jet width locally contracts together with highly polarized signals, suggesting a recollimation shock. We found that the collimation region is coincident with the region where the jet speed gradually accelerates, suggesting a coexistence of the jet acceleration and collimation zone, ending up with the recollimation shock, which could be a potential site of high-energy 7-ray flares detected by the Fermi-LAT. Remarkably, these observational features of the 1H 0323+342 jet are overall very similar to those of the nearby radio galaxy M87 and HST-1 as well as some blazars, suggesting that a common jet formation mechanism might be at work. Based on the similarity of the jet profile of the two sources, we also briefly discuss the mass of the central black hole of 1H 0323+342, which is also still highly controversial in this source and NLS in general.</P>
HADA SHAVRON,이재철,Lee Eun Chae,Ji Sunkyong,Nam Jeong Sun,Yun Bum Jin,Na Dong Hee,Kim Nam Ah,정성훈 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.4
Purpose Biophysical characterisation of type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) could be challenging since it exists in association with neurotoxin associated proteins (NAPs) as large protein complexes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the dissociation mechanics of BoNT/A complex along with its thermodynamic stability through a combination of analytical tools. Methods Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was mainly used to study the behavior of BoNT/A complex at various pH. In addition, multi-angled light scattering (MALS), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were utilized to validate its chromatographic results. Results The dissociation of BoNT/A from its complex was found to be strongly dependent on its pH with higher dissociation towards alkaline pH which was further accelerated with time and temperature. In addition, dissociated BoNT/A at pH 7.4 showed lower thermal stability compared to the associated state even in the presence of polysorbate, as revealed by the SEC chromatogram and aggregation onset temperature. Moreover, the partial reversibility of the dissociated BoNT/A complex after titration of pH to 6.0, suggested vulnerability of BoNT/A towards formation of irreversible aggregates as it dissociates, signifying lower stability profile of the neurotoxin after dissociation. Conclusion Overall, BoNT/A was more stable when associated with NAPs at pH 6.0 compared to its dissociated state at pH 7.4. Moreover, the conventional analytical used could be utilized to relatively quantify its amount in different formulations.