한국어 교재 대화문에 나타난 의사소통 전략 양상

김정숙 ( Kim¸ Jungsook ),조위수 ( Cho¸ Wisu ) 한국언어문화학회 2021 한국언어문화 Vol.- No.75

본 연구는 한국어 교재의 대화 텍스트를 분석하여 대화문에 의사소통 전략이 어떻게 반영되고 있는지 살핌으로써 한국어 교재의 방향성 제시 및 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 문헌 연구를 통해 의사소통 전략을 개념화하고 대화문 분석에 사용할 전략을 유형화하였다. 분석 대상은 2007년 출판된 후 지금까지도 꾸준히 사용되는 통합 교재 ≪연세 한국어≫와 통합 교재가 대세를 이루던 시기에 한국어 기능 분리 교재로 재도입을 시도한 ≪경희 한국어 말하기≫, ≪경희 한국어 듣기≫이다. 분석 결과 직접적 전략은 통합 교재에서만 나타났으나, 이외에는 비슷한 경향을 띄고 있었다. 분석 교재는 모두 초급보다는 중·고급 단계에서 의사 소통 전략의 사용이 많았고, 세부 전략에서는 상호적 전략 중 반응 전략의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국어 교재의 전체를 분석하지 못하였기 때문에 결과를 일반화할 수 없는 점은 한계이나, 대화문 분석을 위한 의사소통 전략 목록을 선정하여 양상을 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다. This study set out to analyze dialogue texts in teaching materials for Korean and examine how communication strategies were reflected in dialogues, thus offering implications for Korean education. For this purpose, We conceptualized communication strategies based on a literature study and categorized strategies to be used in dialogue analysis. Analyzed in the study were integrated teaching materials Yonsei Korean, which has been used consistently since its publication in 2007, and Kyunghee Korean Speaking and Kyunghee Korean Listening, which attempted to reintroduce teaching materials for separate functions in Korea when integrated teaching materials were the mainstream. The analysis results show that only the integrated material offered direct strategies, and there was a similar tendency for other strategies between the two types of teaching materials. The teaching materials used more communication strategies at the intermediate and advanced level than the elementary level. Of interactional strategies, responsive ones recorded high frequency. Since the present study did not analyze all the teaching materials for Korean, it is difficult to generalize its findings. Despite this limitation, however, the study is significant in that it made a list of communication strategies and examined their patterns for dialogue analysis

Functional Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Central Nervous System

Cho, Jungsook 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2005 東國醫學 Vol.12 No.2

케모카인은 8-14kDa 정도의 작은 화학유인성 단백질로써 림프성 또는 비림프성 조직의 염증 부위로 백혈구를 유입하는데 필수적 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 케모카인과 케모카인 수용체는 중추신경계에서 발생하는 여러 신경염증 및 퇴행성 질환에 있어서도 매우 중요한 신호전달 분자로 인지되고 있다. 신경세포와 별아교세포, 희소돌기아교세포 및 미세아교세포는 정상 상태에서는 물론 병적인 상태의 중추신경계에서 케모카인을 유리하는 주요근원이 되는동시에 유리된 각종 케모카인의 작용점이기도 하다. 본 종설에서는 뇌에서 케모카인과 케모카인 수용체의 발현을 알아보고, 이들이 신경의 이동, 세포의 증식 및 연접 활성에 미치는 생리적 역할을 살펴보았다 . 또한, 다발성 경화증, 알쯔하이머씨병, HIV와 연관된 치매와 뇌허혈 질환 등과 같은 신경염증 및 퇴행성 신경질환에서 케모카인과 그 수용체의 발현 및 역할에 대하여 기술하였다. Chemokines, small (8—14 kDa) secreted chemoattractive proteins, are known to be essential for the recruitment of leukocyte subsets into inflammatory areas of lymphoid and non—lymphoid tissues. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have also been recognized as key signaling molecules in many neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia are the major cellular sources and targets of chemokines produced in the CNS under physiological and pathological conditions. This article describes the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the brain and their possible physiological roles in neuronal migration, cell proliferation and synaptic activity. In addition, functional roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, HIV—associated dementia and cerebral ischemia are also discussed in this review.

Purple sweet potato anthocyanin protects rat cortical cells from various types of neuronal damage

Cho Jungsook,Kim Hyang Mi,Kang Jong Seong,Jing Jhang,Chung Kyeong-Soo 대한약학회 2004 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2004 No.1

Anti-convulsive Effects of Quinoxalinediones Acting at the Glycine Binding Site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor

Cho, Jungsook 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1997 東國醫學 Vol.4 No.-

NMDA 수용체에 길항작용을 나타내는 많은 약물들은 항경련 효과 및 신경세포 보호효과를 가진다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 NMDA 수용체의 glycine binding site에 높은 친화력을 갖는 quinoxalinedione 유도체인 6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione(6,7-DCQX) 및 5-nitro-6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione(5-N-6,7-DCQX)의 항경련 작용을 시험하였다. 흰쥐 전뇌에서 얻은 synaptic membrane에 대한 [³H]MK-801 결합실험을 통하여 NMDA 수용체의 활성을 측정한 결과, NMDA, glycine, spermidine의 존재 하에서 [³H]MK-801 결함이 증강되었고, 이는 5-N-6,7-DCQX 및 기존의 glycine site antagonist인 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA)에 의해 완전히 억제되었다. 5-n-6,7-DCQX는 5,7-DCKA보다 20배 더 강력한 억제를 나타내었다. 반면, glycine site partial agonist인 (+)-HA-966은 예상한 바와 같이 [³H]MK-801 결합중 일부분만을 억제하였다. 생쥐에 NMDA를 투여하여 유발한 경련실험모델에서 복강내 주사에 의해 이들 화합물의 항경련 효과를 측정한 결과, 6,7-DCQX는 (±)-HA-966의 효과와 비슷하였으며, 5-N-6,7-DCQX는 이들보다 10배 이상의 강력한 효과인 16.5mg/kg의 ED? 치를 보였다. 5,7-DCKA는 뇌실내 주사에 의해서만 항경련 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통하여 quinoxalinedione 유도체인 6,7-DCQX 및 5-N-6,7-DCQX는 NMDA 수용체인 glycine site에 작용하여 길항함으로서 항경련 효과를 나타내며, 특히 5-N-6,7-DCQX는 [³H]MK-801 결합 및 동물을 이용한 경련실험에서 6,7-DCQX나 (±)-HA-966 보다 더 강력한 억제효과를 보임을 관찰하엿다. A variety of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are shown to have anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects. In the present study two quinoxalinedione derivatives with high binding affinities for the glycine site of the receptor, 6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione(6,7-DCQX) and 5-nitro-6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione (5-N-6,7-DCQX), were evaluated as potential anti-convulsants. The [³H]MK-801 binding to the synaptic membranes of rat forebrains was dramatically potentiated by the presence of NMDA, glycine and spermidine. The potentiated binding was inhibited completely by either 5-n-6,7-DCQX or 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA), a known glycine site antagonist. 5-N-6,7-DCQX was a 20-fold more potent antagonist than 5,7-DCKA. R-(+)-HA-966, a weak partial agonist at the glycine site, exhibited only a partial inhibition as expected. The anti-convulsive activities of 6,7-DCQX, 5-N-6,7-DCQX, and several reference compounds were examined via i.p. administrations in mice using NMDA (i.c.v.)-induced convulsion tests. The effect of 6,7-DCQX was similar to that of (±)-HA-966. In consistency with the results from the binding studies, 5-N-6,7-DCQX showed potent anti-convulsive activity, of which the ED? value was 16.9 mg/kg. 5,7-DCKA exhibited anti-convulsive antivity only with the i.c.v. administration. These results demonstrated that the two quinoxalinediones showed anti-convulsive effects through the antagonism of the NMDA receptor function acting at the glycine binding site, and 5-N-6,7-DCQX showed higher potency than 6,7-DCqx or (±)-HA-966 in both [³H]MK-801 binding studies and convulsion tests in mice.

[<SUP>3</SUP>H]MK-801 Binding to the Synaptic Membranes of Rat Forebrains Age-related Regulation by Glutamate, Glycine and Spermine

Jungsook Cho,Jae Yang Kong 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.2

<P> The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in synaptic plasticity, developmental processes, learning and memory and many neuropathological disorders including age-related diseases. In the present study, regulation of the NMDA receptor properties by various ligands was investigated using [<SUP>3</SUP>H]MK-801 binding studies in the synaptic membranes of young and aged rat forebrains. The binding in the presence of glutamate and glycine increased dramatically with growth between 1 and 6 weeks old, and thereafter declined gradually with aging. Glutamate, glycine or spermine respectively increased the binding with growth. Glutamate maintained the binding during aging, while glycine or spermine significantly decreased the binding in the aged brain. The maximum stimulation by glycine varied depending on the ages of brains. Greater sensitivity to glycine was observed at 1 week and 3 months and the sensitivity was significantly reduced in the aged brain. In contrast, spermine showed similar stimulation patterns in young and aged rats. These results indicated that the functional properties of the NMDA receptor-ion channel complex in young and aged rat forebrains are differentially regulated by agonists, and the reduction of the receptor function with normal aging may be, in some degree, due to the reduction of the receptor sensitivity to glycine.

Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Hovenia dulcis fruits

Cho Jungsook,Kang Jong Seong,Kim Young Ho 대한약학회 2004 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2004 No.1

Neuroprotective Effects of Antioxidatives of Constituents Isolated from Plants

Jungsook Cho,Yong Sup Lee,Changbae Jin 大韓藥學會 2003 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2003 No.1

Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Tussilago farfara

Cho Jungsook,Kim Hyang Mi,Ryu Jae-Ha,Jeong Yeon Su,Jin Changbae,Lee Yong Sup 대한약학회 2004 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2004 No.1

배양 대뇌피질 신경세포에서 glutamate에 의한 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kiarse IV의 활성변화

조정숙(Jungsook Cho) 대한약학회 2001 약학회지 Vol.45 No.4

The neuronal cell death induced by excess glutamate (Glu) has been implicated in many acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases including cerebral ischemia. Glu-induced elevation of intra-cellular Ca2+ plays a critical role in the excitotoxicity partly through the activation of a variety of Ca2+-dependent enzymes. In the present study; we investigated the Glu-induced modulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV, a multifunctional enzyme abundantly present in the nuclei of neurons. The exposure of cultured rat cortical neurons to 100μM Glu for 3 min dramatically increased CaMK IV activity up to 4.5-fold of the control-treated enzyme activity The activation was very rapid, reaching peak at 3 min and then declined gradually: Under the same experimental conditions, time-dependent acute and delayed neuronal cell death was observed. Immunoblot analyses using specific antibodies showed that the expressions of CaMK IV and CaMKαwere time-dependently modulated by Glu. Ttken together, These results imply that the modulation of CaMK IV activity by Glu may be involved in the cascade of events resulting in neuronal cell death in cortical cultures.

일 종합병원 중환자실의 억제대 적용 실태조사

조용애(Cho Yongae),김정숙(Kim Jungsook),김나리(Kim Nari),최희정(Choi Heejung),조정구(Cho Junggu),이희정(Lee Heejung),김령인(Kim Ryungin),성영희(Sung Younghee) 한국성인간호학회 2006 성인간호학회지 Vol.18 No.4