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Jun, A.,Kim, J.,Shin, J.,Kim, G. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.37 No.23
Cation ordered perovskites have been recognized as advanced cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). This study focuses on the effects of Sr substitution on crystal characteristics, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of SmBa<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sr<SUB>x</SUB>Co<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) as an IT-SOFC cathode material. The electrical conductivity improves with increasing Sr content due to the greater amount of electronic holes originated from the increased interstitial oxygen. The area specific resistances (ASRs) of SmBa<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sr<SUB>x</SUB>Co<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> decrease with Sr content up to x = 0.75 and increase abruptly for x = 1. For x = 0.75, the lowest ASR value, 0.138 Ω cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and the highest single cell performance, 1.039 W cm<SUP>-2</SUP> at 600 <SUP>o</SUP>C, are obtained. These results indicate that SmBa<SUB>1-x</SUB>Sr<SUB>x</SUB>Co<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> is optimized at x = 0.75 in terms of obtaining the best performance for IT-SOFCs.
Electrochemical properties of B-site Ni doped layered perovskite cathodes for IT-SOFCs
Jun, A.,Lim, T.h.,Shin, J.,Kim, G. Pergamon Press 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.35
Offering fast oxygen reduction kinetics and high electrical conductivities relative to those of ABO<SUB>3</SUB>-type perovskite oxides, layered perovskite cathode materials have received considerable attention for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, we have investigated the effects of Ni substitution for the Co site in SmBa<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.5</SUB>Co<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> in terms of structural characteristics, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of SmBa<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.5</SUB>Co<SUB>2-x</SUB>Ni<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) in relation to its application as an IT-SOFC cathode material. At the given temperature, the electrical conductivities of SmBa<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.5</SUB>Co<SUB>2-x</SUB>Ni<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>5+δ</SUB> (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) decrease with increasing Ni content. For x = 0.1, the lowest ASR value, 0.125 @? cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and the highest single cell performance, 1.78 W cm<SUP>-2</SUP> at 600 <SUP>o</SUP>C, are obtained.
Junaed Rahim,Hwang, Sung-Soo 대한지방자치학회 2017 한국지방자치연구 Vol.18 No.4
Local government is considered as an inextricable part of the government system that provides rural people with services. In developing countries like Bangladesh where poverty still dominates, local government plays a vital role in improving the living conditions of the rural poor. Indeed, the role of local government may be more important in developing countries. Local government can be considered as the most significant channel through which government can reach the doorsteps of the rural poor. This study aims to contribute to the literature by looking at some cases of a developing country. In Bangladesh, local government lacks the capacity to provide the rural poor with effective services. This study looked at the case of the Union Parishads (UPs) in Bangladesh as an example of local governments in developing countries to examine the prevailing problems and future prospects in delivering public services to the rural poor and encouraging public participation. In doing so, three UPs (Kalirbazar UP, Moynamoti UP and Bijoypur UP) were chosen as the study area. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study found that local residents (villagers) have increasing need for the delivery of public services by their UP. A lack of service delivery coordination, lack of funds, and limited authority are identified as the major challenges. To address these challenges and other issues, we offer some policy recommendations. A transparent selection process should be implemented for the beneficiaries of public service and assistance programs. A consensus among the committee members should be in place and follow-up feedback provided by the local public. The UP should have adequate resources to maintain the proper level of service delivery. The UP should establish some revenue generation programs, related to the development, beyond the current tax collection. The UP should have the proper level of autonomy to provide services without undue pressure from political elites. Having more public participation from the local population as well as the general satisfaction of the public would help to accomplish this.