Realizations of a single phonetic variable prime age-related lexical processing

Jonny Kim,Katie Drager 한국언어과학회 2020 한국언어과학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

In Exemplar Theory, speech perception is informed by any sorts of frequently experienced co-variance between functionally relevant nodes, including those formed through socially-conditioned lexical use. Accordingly, previous research demonstrated that words associated with a particular age group are recognized faster when they are produced by talkers from that age group. While such effects arose from multiple socially-indexed sub-phonemic cues (e.g, voice quality, pronunciation styles), a phonetic priming experiment reported here tested whether exposure to a single phonetic variant is sufficient to guide probabilistic inference for socially-conditioned words. In each trial, participants (N=40) heard two female talkers (age: 40, 41) producing a priming word, the initial stop of which was acoustically manipulated in VOT and F0 dimensions into either of two age-related realizations (i.e., young vs. old guises) based on an ongoing sound change of phrase-initial stops in Seoul Korean. The priming word was followed by a lexical decision task in which listeners pressed a button indicating whether the auditory stimulus produced in the same voice was a real word. As a result, reaction times for young-associated words (e.g., notap, ‘no solution’) were shorter when the target appeared after the prime word with the young guise than old guise, and vice versa for old-associated words (emem, ‘mother’). The results suggest that phonetic, lexical, and social cues are so closely tied as storage information within the lexicon that a subtle auditory input that may not explicitly activate listeners’ awareness of talker age difference can directly index words associated with similar social information.

유음으로 시작하는 어간말 자음군 발음의 변이

김정윤(Kim, Jonny Jungyun),강은지(Eunji Kang) 한국음운론학회 2021 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.27 No.2

This study presents the results from an auditory analysis of younger Korean speakers’ production of three different double consonant clusters, /lk, lm, lp/ in syllable-final position of 16 monosyllabic word stems. When coda simplification occurred conforming to the syllable structure of Korean, /lk/ and /lp/ were mostly realized as [l], the first liquid element (C1), whereas few [C2] tokens occurred. In addition, a substantial amount of [C1C2] realizations were identified, indicating the possibility of ongoing sound change towards either [C1] or [C1C2]. Importantly, the degree of [C1C2] realizations was conditioned by both the type of C2 and prosodic factors. Clusters were faithfully realized in the order of [lp], [lm], and [lk], suggesting that articulatory effectiveness and sonority serve as licensing conditions. As an effect of prosodic position, [lm] and [lk] clusters tended to be simplified to [l] phrase-initially, which we interpret as a syntagmatic effect. An effect of contrastive focus was also found for [lk], increasing the degree of [C1C2] realization. Implications for the relationship between variant choice and prosodic motivation are discussed.

Characterizing Excavation Damaged Zone and Stability of Pressurized Lined Rock Caverns for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage

Kim, Hyung-Mok,Rutqvist, Jonny,Jeong, Ju-Hwan,Choi, Byung-Hee,Ryu, Dong-Woo,Song, Won-Kyong Springer-Verlag 2013 Rock mechanics and rock engineering Vol.46 No.5

열-수리-역학적 연계해석을 이용한 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동의 역학적 안정성 평가

김형목(Hyung-Mok Kim),Jonny Rutqvist,류동우(Dong-Woo Ryu),신중호(Joong-Ho Synn),송원경(Won-Kyong Song) 한국암반공학회 2011 터널과지하공간 Vol.21 No.5

본 연구에서는 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동의 역학적 변형 및 누출 거동의 복합거동을 파악할 목적으로 비등온 다상다성분 유체유동 및 역학적 거동의 연계해석이 가능한 TOUGH-FLAC 해석을 실시하였다. 지하 압축공기에너지 저장 공동의 초기 및 장기 운영 과정에서 고압 압축공기 인입·입출에 따른 콘크리트 라이닝 내부에 발생하는 응력 양상을 살펴보고 저장공동 내부 압력 및 온도 변화를 파악함으로써 기밀성능을 평가하였다. 최대 저장공동 운영압력 8 ㎫ 조건에서 콘크리트 라이닝 내부에서는 공기침투압에 의한 유효응력의 감소와 접선방향의 인장응력의 증가에 따라 인장균열이 발생할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 콘크리트 라이닝 내부의 인장균열 발생에 따른 투과특성 증가 모델을 이용한 해석 결과 저장공동 천정부 및 측벽부 일부에서 인장파괴가 발생하여 이들 영역에서의 투과계수는 초기 1.0*10⁻²⁰㎡에서 5.0*10⁻¹³㎡까지 증가하였다. 한편 콘크리트 라이닝 내부 인장균열 발생 및 투과특성 증가에도 불구하고 저장공동 내부 압축공기 압력은 주변 암반의 기밀성능으로 인해 일정하게 유지되고 공기누출량은 일일주입량의 0.02%에도 못 미쳐 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this paper we applied coupled non-isothermal multiphase fluid flow and geomechanical numerical modeling using TOUGH-FLAC coupled analysis to study the complex thermodynamic and geomechanical performance of underground lined rock caverns (LRC) for compressed air energy storage (CAES). Mechanical stress in concrete linings as well as pressure and temperature within a storage cavern were examined during initial and long-term operation of the storage cavern for CAES. Our geomechanical analysis showed that effective stresses could decrease due to air penetration pressure and tangential tensile stress could develop in the linings as a result of the air pressure exerted on the inner surface of the lining which would result in tensile fracturing. According to the simulation in which the tensile tangential stresses resulted in radial cracks increment of linings' permeability and air leakage though the linings tensile fracturing occurred at the top and at the side wall of the cavern and the permeability could increase to 5.0*10⁻¹³㎡ from initially prescribed 1.0*10⁻²⁰㎡. However this air leakage was minor (about 0.02% of the daily air injection rate) and did not significantly impact the overall storage pressure that was kept constant thanks to sufficiently air tight surrounding rocks which supports the validity of the concrete-lined underground caverns for CAES.

유체 주입을 동반한 절리 암반의 수리-역학 특성 평가에 대한 고찰

김형목(Hyung-Mok Kim),Yves Guglielmi,Jonny Rutqvist,박의섭(Eui-Seob Park) 한국암반공학회 2019 터널과지하공간 Vol.29 No.1

최근의 이산화탄소 심지층 처분, 인공지열저류층 형성 및 발전, 원유회수증진 사업 등에는 고압의 유체를 주입하는 과정이 수반되고 이들 사업의 안전하고 성공적인 수행을 위해서는 대상 부지 절리 암반의 투수 특성 및 주입압에 의한 역학적 변형에 기인한 변화를 정확하게 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 본 고에서는 절리 암반 수리-역학 특성 파악을 위한 해석적 및 실험적 평가 방법에 대해 검토하였다. 먼저 유체 주입 전 절리 암반 초기 투과 특성 및 수리-역학 특성 평가에 고려해야 할 기술요소를 분석하고 현장 시추공실험을 통해 이들 수리-역학 특성을 직접 측정하기 위한 최근의 SIMFIP 실험장치의 특징 및 활용방안에 대해서도 검토하였다. Permeability and its change due to a fluid injection in jointed rock mass is an important factor to be well identified for a safe and successful implementation of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects which may accompany injection-induced hydromechanical deformation of the rock mass. In this technical report, we first reviewed important issues in evaluating initial permeability using borehole hydraulic tests and numierical approaches for understanding coupled hydromechanical properties of rock mass. Recent SIMFIP testing device to measure these hydromechanical properties directly through in-situ borehole experiments was also reviewed. The technical significance and usefulness of the device for further applications was discussed as well.

가스하이드레이트 개발생산과정에서의 미고결 퇴적층의 역학적 안정성 평가를 위한 지오메카닉스모델 해석

김형목(Hyung-Mok Kim),Jonny Rutqvist 한국암반공학회 2014 터널과지하공간 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구에서는 지오메카닉스모델을 이용한 가스하이드레이트 회수 생산 과정에서의 해리 발생 및 이에 따른 주변 퇴적층의 역학적 변형을 시뮬레이션 하였다. 지오메카닉스모델은 TOUGH+Hydrate와 FLAC3D 해석코드를 순차적으로 반복해석하는 기법으로 감압법을 이용한 가스하이드레이트 회수 생산과정에서의 온도, 압력, 포화도 변화가 생산정 주변 퇴적층 내 유효응력, 강성 및 강도 변화에 미치는 영향을 고려할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 회수생산 방식에 따른 모델해석결과 비교를 통해, 감압법과 열자극법을 병행하는 경우 초기 생산량 증대를 가져올 수 있음을 보였다. 또한, 미고결 점토질 퇴적층에서의 회수생산 시 사암층에 비해 상대적으로 변형이 크게 발생함을 보였다. In this study, we simulated both dissociation of gas hydrate and mechanical deformation of hydrate-bearing sedimentary formation using geomechanical model. The geomechanical model analysis consists of two distinct codes of TOUGH+Hydrate and FLAC3D. The model is characterized by the fact that changes of temperature, pressure, saturation and their influence on the consequent evolution of effective stress, stiffness and strength of hydrate-bearing sediments during gas production could be well simulated. We compared the results of simulation for two different production methods, and showed that combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation results in the enhancement of production rate especially at early stage. We also presented that the hydrate dissociation-induced geomechanical deformation in unconsolidated clay is much larger than that in sandstone.

복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동 기밀시스템 설계변수의 민감도 해석

김형목(Hyung-Mok Kim),Jonny Rutqvist,류동우(Dong-Woo Ryu),선우춘(Choon Sunwoo),송원경(Won-Kyong Song) 한국암반공학회 2011 터널과지하공간 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구에서는 압축공기에너지 지하저장을 위한 복공식 암반공동의 기밀성능을 평가할 목적으로 다상유체 열유동 해석을 수행하였다. 기밀성능은 저장공동으로부터 누출되는 공기질량으로 평가하였으며, 저장공동 내부에 콘크리트 라이닝 기밀시스템을 설치하고 저장공동은 비교적 천심도인 지하 100m 심도에 위치하는 것으로 가정하였다. 저장공동 내 질량수지분석 결과, 콘크리트 라이닝 및 주변 암반의 투과계수가 누기량 및 저장공동의 장기적 기밀성능에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 파악되었으며 콘크리트 라이닝의 투과계수가 1.0 × 10?¹? ㎡ 이하 일 경우, 저장공동 운영압력이 5 ㎫에서 8 ㎫ 사이일 때 누기량은 1%이하 인 것으로 계산되었다. 또한, 콘크리트 라이닝의 초기포화도에 따른 공기누출량 계산결과, 라이닝 수분포화도를 증가시킬수록 누기량은 감소하고 저장공동 기밀성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. We performed a numerical modeling study of thermodynamic and multiphase fluid flow processes associated with underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern (LRC). We investigated air tightness performance by calculating air leakage rate of the underground storage cavern with concrete linings at a comparatively shallow depth of 100 m. Our air-mass balance analysis showed that the key parameter to assure the long-term air tightness of such a system was the permeability of both concrete linings and surrounding rock mass. It was noted that concrete linings with a permeability of less than 1.0 × 10?¹? ㎡ would result in an acceptable air leakage rate of less than 1% with the operational pressure range between 5 and 8 ㎫. We also found that air leakage could be effectively prevented and the air tightness performance of underground lined rock cavern is enhanced if the concrete lining is kept at a higher moisture content.

유성기어 소음을 고려한 pRMC 프로그램 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구

이현구(Hyun Ku Lee),김무석(Moo Suk Kim),서현승(Hyun Seung Suh),칼만아멧(Ahmat Kahraman),하리안또쟈니(Jonny Harianto),권현식(Hyun Sik Kwon) 한국소음진동공학회 2013 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

유성기어 소음과 효율을 고려한 pRMC 프로그램 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구

이현구(Hyun Ku Lee),김무석(Moo Suk Kim),홍사만(Sa Man Hong),박영지(Young Ji Park),천성경(Seong Kyeong Cheon),아멧칼만(Ahmet Kahraman),하리안토자니(Jonny Harianto) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

유성기어 소음을 고려한 pRMC 프로그램 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구

이현구(Lee, Hyun Ku),김무석(Kim, Moo Suk),서현승(Suh, Hyun Seung),김진호(Kim, Jin Ho),칼만아멧(Kahraman, Ahmat),하리안또자니(Harianto, Jonny),권현식(Kwon, Hyun Sik) 한국소음진동공학회 2013 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.7

To design the optimized low noise planetary gear sets, a program called pRMC(planetary run many cases) is developed. The pRMC is especially using a combination analysis method for all gear specifications and also able to analyze any type of planetary gear sets. The pRMC is composed of the 5 sections those are generate, setting, evaluate, combine and analysis. After calculating all candidate gear sets, the pRMC could show many results that represent the character of each gear set including the transmission error which is the main gear noise factor, the contact ratios, the bending stress and so on. By comparing the results objectively, user could predict and select the optimized gear set which has quiet noise level and desired durability. The planetary gear designed by pRMC could have reduced noise and vibration level from 5 to 10 dB than previous-designed one.