SYMPOSIUM 1 : Treatment Strategy in Alcoholic Hepatitis

( Jian Gao Fan ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity among excessive alcohol drinkers, its spectrum of liver injury ranges from steatosis to varying stages of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatitis can occur at any stage of alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic hepatitis is a clinical-pathological syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical severity that results from consumption of large amount of alcohol during a sustained period of time in a subset of alcoholics. Currently, the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis remains a much discussed and controversial area of clinical Hepatology. The cornerstone of therapy for alcoholic hepatitis is lifetime abstinence of alcohol, with referral to an alcoholic rehabilitation program. However, even patients who remain abstinent are at risk at an increased risk for developing cirrhosis. The mortality rate of hospitalized patients with alcoholic hepatitis varies between 0% and 100%. Therefore, it is important to identify patients who benefit most from aggressive interventional therapy. Generally, patients with mild to moderate disease severity usually need not be treated with extraordinary measures, severe patients with the score of Maddrey discriminant function between 32 and 54 are recommend to use a dose of prednisolone (40 mg/d for 4 weeks then tapered over a 2-4 week) or pentoxifylline, these aggressive therapeutic agents seem to provide moderate survival benefit in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, patients with alcoholic hepatitis should be assessed for nutritional deficiencies and routine screened for cirrhosis. Physicians should be conversant with assessment and management of malnutrition and infection. Finally, timely referral to a liver transplant program for those patients who do did not respond to prednisone and pentoxifylline after 1 to 4 weeks treatment.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the dwarf gene d162(t) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Fan-tao Zhang,Xiao-ling Gao,Ping-rong Wang,Chang-hui Sun,Bing Wang,Xiu-lan Li,Jian-qing Zhu,Xiao-jian Deng 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.1

In our previous study, d162(t), a single recessive gene, which caused rice dwarf mutant, had been mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3. In this study, the d162(t) gene was fine mapped to a confined region about 0.82 cM by RM14641 and RM3134, and co-segregated with InDel361-2, InDel361-3,InDel361-5, RM14645, RM1022 and RM14643, where no known gene involved in plant height has been identified. Based on the annotation results of TIGR, dozens of open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region, among them,five ORFs were the most possible genes related to the phenotype. In these ORFs, Os03g13010, related to U-box domain containing protein, had a 62bp segment deletion in the coding region in 162d (mutant type, MT). The results of RT-PCR showed that the transcriptional level of Os03g13010was significantly different between Shuhui162 (wild type, WT)and 162d (MT). Therefore, the gene (Os03g13010) encoding a U-box domain containing protein was considered as the candidate gene of d162(t).

Effects of wall condition on flow distributions in arterial modeling: comparison of rigid, dynamic, and compliant walls

Fan He,Lu Hua,Li-jian Gao 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.3

Blood flow distributions were evaluated using various computational strategies. Three commonly used wall conditions in arterial modeling were employed, namely rigid, dynamic and compliant walls. The results show that the velocity distributions are similar under rigid and dynamic walls, developing into the Poiseuille flow, but they are blunt under compliant walls. The peak pressure under rigid walls is highest, but the model of dynamic walls has a good approximation of pressure against the model of compliant walls. The results indicate that a model of compliant walls appears to be a computationally and reasonably accurate approximation of blood velocity distributions compared with the analysis under rigid or dynamic walls. Introducing fluid-structure interaction into arterial modeling is necessary to ensure reliable results and information. However, a model of dynamic walls seems to be a computationally inexpensive yet reasonably accurate approximation for pressure.

Computational analysis of blood flow and wall mechanics in a model of early atherosclerotic artery

Fan He,Lu Hua,Li-jian Gao 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.2

In this paper, the model of the early atherosclerotic artery was introduced to investigate the blood flow and wall mechanics and the effects of atherosclerosis on neighboring healthy arteries. Under the assumptions of unsteady, laminar, Newtonian, viscous, and incompressible blood flow and linear-elastic, isotropic, and incompressible vessel wall, the finite element method was used to construct the fluid-structure interaction scheme. Results show that wall shear stress is lower, and cyclic strain is higher in the neighboring healthy arteries than those in the atherosclerotic artery. The hemodynamic and wall mechanical factors are disadvantageous to the healthy arteries and have negative effects. The mechanical changes induced by early atherosclerosis may cause the disease to spread to the healthy arteries. This work proves that early diagnosis and treatment are important in preventing the further development and propagation of atherosclerosis.

Numerical simulation of pulse wave propagation in a curved artery

Fan He,Lu Hua,Li-jian Gao 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.1

Objective: To set up a model of pulse wave propagation in a curved artery and compare the differences of pulse wave propagation between straight and curved arteries. Methodology: In previous work, we deal with a three-segment wave propagation model in a straight tube. In this paper, as a follow up study, we construct a wave propagation model in a curved artery based on the three-segment model developed in a straight tube. Numerical simulation is performed using a fluid-structure interaction. Findings: The comparison of this curved model and previous straight model indicates that arterial geometry has a significant impact on pulse wave propagation. An obvious time delay occurs whether between the peaks or between the bottoms in a straight tube. However, the time delay only occurs between the bottoms in a curved artery while it does not clearly exist between the peaks. The finding indicates that a time delay between bottoms is more stable and easy to catch. Actually, a velocity wave is just quantized by usually measuring a time delay between bottoms in clinics and experiments. Modeling of pulse wave propagation in a curved artery and the use of wave propagation model can be better made to perform hemodynamic distributions and predict vascular disorders.

Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Inferior Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Rui Gao,Tian-Shuo Man,Jin-Hua Liang,Li Wang,Hua-Yuan Zhu,Wei Wu,Lei Fan,Jian-Yong Li,Tao Yang,Wei Xu 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.1

Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with elevated cancer risk and poor survival outcome in malignancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of preexisting DM in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Materials and Methods Six hundred and thirty-three subjects with newly-diagnosed CLL between 2007 and 2016 were recruited. Propensity score-matched method was performed to balance baseline characteristics and eliminate possible bias. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses screened the independent risk indicators for time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of CLL. Receiver operator characteristic curves and the corresponding areas under the curve assessed the predictive accuracy of CLL–International Prognostic Index (IPI) together with DM. Results The results showed that 111 patients had pre-existing DM. In the propensity-matched cohort, DM was correlated with inferior TTFT and CSS in CLL patients, and it was an independent prognostic factor for both CSS and TTFT. Pre-diabetics also shared undesirable prognostic outcome compared with patients with no diabetic tendency, and a positive association between longer diabetic duration and poorer prognosis of CLL was identified. DM as one additional point to CLL-IPI had larger area under the curve compared with CLLIPI alone in CSS prediction and could improve the prognostic capacity of CLL-IPI. Conclusion Pre-existing DM was found to be a valuable prognostic predictor and could help predict life expectancy and build refined prognostication models for CLL.

Dynamic Pricing Trading Market for Resources Sharing in IIU Federated Cloud

Tongrang Fan,Jian Liu,Feng Gao 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2013 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.6 No.3

Profiling Gene Expression During Gland Morphogenesis of a Glanded and a Glandless Upland Cotton

Ying-Fan Cai,Min Chen,Quan Sun,Yong-Fang Xie,Sheng-Wei Li,Jian-Chuan Mo,Ming-Feng Jiang,You-Lu Yuan,Yu-Zhen Shi,Huai-Zhong Jiang,Zheng Pan,Yun-Ling Gao,Peng-Sheng Ye,Hua-Lan Zeng 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.6

The pigment gland is an important character of the Gossypium plant. With the aim of identifying genes involved in pigment gland morphogenesis in cotton, gene expression during pigment gland morphogenesis in Chuan 2802, which is glanded both in seed and plant, and a glandless line N5 was profiled using Affymetrix Cotton microarray. The results showed that there were 564 differentially expressed genes greater than twofold during gland morphogenesis. About 60.2% of these genes shares similarity with known genes on GenBank and about 39.8% with no functional description in the database. These described genes may play roles in defense response, response to oxidative stress, peroxidase activity, and the other metabolic pathways. The KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System indicated that these above twofold expressed genes involved seven biochemical pathways on KEGG. These findings suggest that a complicated regulation is associated with pigment gland morphogenesis and the associated defense response including gossypol biosynthesis in cotton.

Surveillance of the progression and assessment of treatment endpoints for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Yi-Wen Shi,Jian-Gao Fan 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by steatosis-associated inflammation and liver injury. Without effective treatment or management, NASH can have life-threatening outcomes. Evaluation and identification of NASH patients at risk for adverse outcomes are therefore important. Key issues in screening NASH patients are the assessment of advanced fibrosis, differentiation of NASH from simple steatosis, and monitoring of dynamic changes during follow-up and treatment. Currently, NASH staging and evaluation of the effectiveness for drugs still rely on pathological diagnosis, despite sample error issues and the subjectivity associated with liver biopsy. Optimizing the pathological assessment of liver biopsy samples and developing noninvasive surrogate methods for accessible, accurate, and safe evaluation are therefore critical. Although noninvasive methods including elastography, serum soluble biomarkers, and combined models have been implemented in the last decade, noninvasive diagnostic measurements are not widely applied in clinical practice. More work remains to be done in establishing cost-effective strategies both for screening for at-risk NASH patients and identifying changes in disease severity. In this review, we summarize the current state of noninvasive methods for detecting steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in patients with NASH, and discuss noninvasive assessments for screening at-risk patients with a focus on the characteristics that should be monitored at follow-up.

Clinical practice guidelines and real-life practice in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Chinese perspective

Diyang Xie,Jieyi Shi,Jian Zhou,Jia Fan,Qiang Gao 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.2

Liver cancer is the fourth most prevalent and the second most lethal cancer in China. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver ultrasonography plus alpha-fetoprotein every 6 months continues to be the predominant surveillance modality. The age-Male-ALBI-Platelets score was recommended in the recent 2022 Chinese guidelines to predict HCC occurrence. The Chinese liver cancer (CNLC) staging system proposed in the 2017 guidelines continues to be the standard model for staging with modifications in the treatment allocations. Considering the aggressive nature of HBV-associated HCC, multimodal and high-intensity strategies like the addition of immunotherapy-based systemic treatment to local therapies, including resection, ablation, and intra-arterial therapies, have been adopted in real-life practices in China. The latest Chinese guidelines recommend atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, suntilimab plus a bevacizumab analog, lenvatinib, sorafenib, donafenib, and FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy as first-line treatment without priority. Regorafenib, apatinib, camrelizumab, and tislelizumab have been added as second-line systemic therapies for patients who progressed on sorafenib. Systemic therapies adopted in real-life practice are sophisticated with various combination modalities and different sequences.