Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies

Dong Jiale,Wang Wenzhi,Zhou Wei,Zhang Siming,Li Meng,Li Ning,Pan Guoqing,Zhang Xianzuo,Bai Jiaxiang,Zhu Chen 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to the surface of implants are often difficult to remove and exhibit high resistance to bactericides. In the quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional antimicrobial materials often fail to exert their function because they tend to focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting the modulation of immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host immune cells was thought to be a detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, the immune system has recently received increasing attention as a vital player in the host’s defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based on the modulation of host immune defenses are emerging as a field of interest. This review explains the importance of the immune system in combating infections and describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, the characteristics of traditional/conventional implant biomaterials and the reasons for the difficulty of bacterial clearance in IAI were reviewed. Second, the importance of immune cells in the battle against bacteria is elucidated. Then, we discuss how to design biomaterials that activate the defense function of immune cells to enhance the antimicrobial potential. Based on the key premise of restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying advanced immune-enhanced antimicrobial strategies were discussed. Finally, current issues and perspectives in this field were offered. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced anti-infective biomaterials.

Fabrication of porous metal fiber sintered sheet as a flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Li Shuangli,Zhou Wei,Liu Ruiliang,Huang Jiale,Chu Xuyang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.5

To improve the diffusion performance of reactive gas, a porous copper fiber sintered sheet (PCFSS) was fabricated and used as the flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The pressure and flow velocity distribution of the reaction gas in the PCFSS was firstly compared with the serpentine flow field by using the Fluent simulation software. Our results showed that the superiority of PCFSS in the uniformity of gas diffusion was observed. The total resistance of PEMFC with PCFSS in different porosities was obtained. And the advantages of PCFSS in electronic transmission were found by comparing with the serpentine flow field. Besides, the influences of different operating conditions and different porosities of porous flow fields on the performance of PEMFC were experimentally investigated. With the cell temperature of 70 °C as well as the humidification temperature of 60 °C, a PEMFC with PCFSS of 70% porosity exhibited better performance.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients

Xiaoning Wu,Xiaoqian Xu,Jialing Zhou,Yameng Sun,Huiguo Ding,Wen Xie,Guofeng Chen,Anlin Ma,Hongxin Piao,Bingqiong Wang,Shuyan Chen,Tongtong Meng,Xiaojuan Ou,Hwai-I Yang,Jidong Jia,Yuanyuan Kong,Hong Yo 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions: The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Upstream Trough on Intensity Changes of Two Types of Tropical Cyclones during Extratropical Transition

Yue Liao,Yongqing Wang,Jialing Zhou,Xiunian Zhang 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1

Based on the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) tropical cyclone (TC) database and the reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the post-transition intensifying tropical cyclones (ITC) and weakening tropical cyclones (WTC) which landed in China and underwent extratropical transition (ET) are discussed in this paper. The TCs with upper-level trough are selected in order to identify different effects of the trough on the ITC and the WTC. The dynamic composite analysis is applied to explore their structure characteristics, environment fields and dynamic diagnosis. Results show that affected by the South Asia high and the subtropical high, the trough of ITC (WTC) extends from northwest to southeast (northeast to southwest) in the ET process. Thus, the zonal wind shear of ITC drops off after ET due to the approach of trough and its northwestsoutheast direction, while the zonal and total wind shears of WTC continue to increase because of the steering westerly flow at the upper level. In terms of the ITC, the cold air carried by the upper-level trough intrudes into TC inner area and mostly encircles the TC center, making the ITC characterized by a warm seclusion. While for the WTC, the cold air only wanders on the northwest side of TC without further intrusion. The upper-level divergence is also in favor of the ITC by the pumping influence. According to the diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity, the moist baroclinity can lead to changes in vertical vorticity to some extent. The vertical vorticity budget analysis further indicates that there is stronger and wider positive vorticity advection in the upper troposphere near the TC center for ITC. The contribution of the baroclinic term to the growth of vertical vorticity is more significant in ITC than WTC but it is also deeply influenced by the strength of upper-level trough.

Construction Design and Theoretical Research on Cloud-based Intelligent Platform for Physical Fitness Test and Health Examination Data of College Students

Wang Jiameng,Zhang Weiyu,Wen Tao,Sun Jiale,Zhou Fan,Ai Xianbin,Zhang Hui,Xiong Huayu,Xu Baichao 아시아건강운동학회 2022 Journal of Asian Society for Health & Exercise Vol.4 No.1

PURPOSE : To build a cloud intelligent analysis platform for physical measurement data and physical examination data for college students, so as to enhance the physical health of college students and realize the deep integration of sports, education and medical treatment. METHODS : On this basis, a cloud-based intelligent early warning and screening analysis module for the physical fitness test level and the prevalence rate in college students can be established. Then, a cloud-based intelligent construction module for non-medical health intervention means and scientific physical education (PE) curriculum should be built, aiming to strengthen the corresponding physical fitness test indexes and improve weak health examination indexes, and further mitigate and prevent relevant diseases. RESULTS : Through the Internet of things technology, we can realize the co-platform link of physical examination instruments and physical examination instruments, process and analyze data in the same system, and realize the source combination of sports and medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS : The establishment of cloud intelligent college student physical examination and physical examination platform is the need of The Times, and is also one of the effective measures to realize Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan (the Outline).

Numerical Simulation of the Creep Behavior of Beishan Deep Granite Tunnel under the Coupling Thermal -Stress Field

Jiawei Wang,Ju Wang,Zhichao Zhou,Peng Wu,Haoran Sun,Jiale Dou,Nan Li,Xianzhe Duan 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

This study conducts a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the creep behavior of deep granite tunnels at 560 meters underground during the coupled thermal-stress process, with an aim to elucidate the effect of the temperature and stress fields on the creep behavior of these deep hard rock tunnels. A 100-h creep period was set, and the mechanical structure of the experimental chamber was accurately replicated at a 1:1 scale, considering the actual mechanical structure of the granite tunnels in the Beishan underground laboratory. The simulation results can demonstrate that: 1) The maximum stress at 90°C and 50°C are 2.86 and 1.91 times than that at 23°C, respectively, demonstrating significant strain accumulation in the deep granite tunnels at the surface. This phenomenon can primarily be attributed to the thermal stress resulted from the coupling between temperature and stress. 2) The maximum creep at 90°C and 50°C is 16 and 3.5 times than that at 23°C. Under the influence of thermal coupling, the creep increases significantly with increasing temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor influencing creep in granite. 3) Compared with variations in the stress field, the temperature field emerges as the most critical factor influencing granite creep.