Effectiveness of Donor Support for Capacity Development in Guatemala : A Study of Scholarship Provision for Overseas Postgraduate Education

Kwak, Jae-Sung,Kleinsy Bonilla 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2015 이베로아메리카 Vol.17 No.1

Este trabajo pasa revista a la concesión de becas de postgrado como un mecanismo por el cual países donantes han cooperado con Guatemala para el desarrollo capacidad humana. El propósito de este estudio es analizar la eficacia de este apoyo de los donantes. A partir del análisis de categorías como creación de capacidad humana, efectividad de la ayuda para el desarrollo, así como literatura enfocada a la educación internacional, este estudio propone un formato para examinar este enfoque de la cooperación internacional. Esta investigación presenta un relato narrativo del proceso de otorgamiento de becas de postgrado de nueve países donantes que han financiado programas académicos (maestría o doctorado) de guatemaltecos/ as en universidades ubicadas en territorio de los países cooperantes. Usar la técnica de muestreo dirigido permitió la participación de ochenta y cuatro entrevistados. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que el apoyo de los donantes ha contribuido efectivamente al desarrollo de capacidades en Guatemala; sin embargo, la ausencia de políticas públicas para la gestión de recursos humanos, la dinámica del proceso de la cooperación internacional, y las características particulares del contexto nacional dificultan la efectividad del programa de cooperación internacional, en consecuencia, sus efectos e impacto se han visto limitados. Teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia de la perspectiva del donante en la literatura existente, esta investigación es una contribución práctica al incluir el punto de vista de todos los actores de acuerdo con su nivel de participación, lo que permite avanzar en los debates académicos sobre la eficacia del enfoque de la cooperación internacional estudiado. Palabras Clave: Guatemala; Desarrollo de Capacidad Humana; Cooperación Internacional de Desarrollo; Becas para la Educación de Posgrados; Efectividad de la Cooperación Internacional. This paper surveys the provision of postgraduate scholarships as a mechanism by which selected donor countries have cooperated with Guatemala for the development of capacity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of this donor support. Drawing from capacity development, aid effectiveness, and international education literature, this study proposes a model to examine the effectiveness of this international cooperation approach. This research presents a narrative account of the provision of scholarships by nine donor countries, which have funded postgraduate academic programs (master or doctoral degrees). Purposeful sampling allowed the participation of 84 participants. The findings provide evidence that the studied donor support has indeed contributed to the development of capacity in Guatemala however, the absence of public policies for human resource management, the dynamics of the international cooperation process, and particular features of the domestic context hinder the effectiveness of the international cooperation scheme, consequently limiting its outcomes and impact. Considering the prevalence of the donor’s perspective in the existing literature, this research entitles a practical contribution by including the viewpoint of all stakeholders according to their level of involvement; this permits advancing scholarly debates on the effectiveness of the studied international cooperation approach. Key Words: Guatemala, Capacity Development, International Development Cooperation, Postgraduate Scholarships Program, Aid Effectiveness

신식민지주의에서 신자유주의까지

곽재성(Kwak, Jae-Sung) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2013 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.26 No.2

This paper assesses the research of the late Dr. Sung-Hyong Rhee which he carried out as a political scientist. However, it is not within the scope of this paper to provide an assessment of the scientific significance of Rhee’s work, focusing instead on highlighting his contributions to the debates that have significantly enhanced the robustness of the field of academic Latin American studies in Korea. First, Rhee’s work started from a neo-colonial approach to the interrelationships among the different elements within Latin American social systems, a main research theme of his early career. Second, Rhee’s efforts moved toward critical evaluation of the impact of neoliberalism on development in Latin America, one of the key determinants of the political economy of the region. Fourth, we give special attention to the way in which Rhee forecasted the future of Latin America. Last, but not least, Rhee’s enthusiasm for the humanities and its influence on his work is emphasized, leading to his characterization as an ‘inter-disciplinary’ and ‘reader-friendly’ scholar. Rhee was outstanding in that he enjoyed sharing his ideas and knowledge not only with his colleagues but also with common people. In this manner he cultivated a mass audience and made area studies accessible to the public, by carrying out a fundamental shift in the approach to his research objects. However, this transformational approach has made him subject to criticisms for Dr. Rhee’s supposed weakness in theoretical approach and methodological maturity, although these would surely have been overcome in the years to come had he remained with us longer.

반응표면을 활용한 통계적 모멘트 추정 방법과 신뢰도해석에 적용

허재성(Jae-Sung Huh),곽병만(Byung-Man Kwak) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.11

A new and efficient method for estimating the statistical moments of a system performance function has been developed. The method consists of two steps: (1) An approximate response surface is generated by a quadratic regression model, and (2) the statistical moments of the regression model are then calculated by experimental design techniques proposed by Seo and Kwak⑷. In this approach, the size of experimental region affects the accuracy of the statistical moments. Therefore, the region size should be selected suitably. The D-optimal design and the central composite design are adopted over the selected experimental region for the regression model. Finally, the Pearson system is adopted to decide the distribution type of the system performance function and to analyze structural reliability.

[P2-93] Simultaneous Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric acid in Stock Farm Products by LC-MS/MS

Sung-Lye Shim,Kil-Bong Nho,In-Sun Jung,Jae-Sung Kim,Su-Mi Jung,Byung-Man Kwak,Jang-Hyuk Ahn,Jae-Woo Park,Jae-Ho Woon,Kyong-Su Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activities of 2-Alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-2,6,9-triazacyclopenta[b]anthracene-5,10-diones

Kwak, Jae-Hwan,Kwon, Nam-Goong,Jung, Jae-Kyung,Cho, Jung-Sook,Kim, Hwan-Mook,Park, Sung-Gyu,Yoo, Yeong-Ah,Kwon, Joo-Hee,Lee, Hee-Soon 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.8

A series of 2-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-2,6,9-triazacyclopenta[b]anthracene-5,10-diones (4a-f) were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against six human cancer cell lines (HCT15, SK-OV-3, A549, SNB19, MCF7 and MCF7/ADR). A number of compounds including 4c and 4d showed 2-180 times more potent cytotoxic activity than doxorubicin against all human cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, these compounds retained considerable cytotoxic activity against the doxorubicin-resistant cell line MCF7/ADR, implying their therapeutic potential to treat doxorubicin-resistant tumors.

Series of Liquid Separation System Made of Homogeneous Copolymer Films with Controlled Surface Wettability

Kwak, Moo Jin,Oh, Myung Seok,Yoo, Youngmin,You, Jae Bem,Kim, Jiyeon,Yu, Seung Jung,Im, Sung Gap American Chemical Society 2015 Chemistry of materials Vol.27 No.9

<P>Exquisite surface wettability control of separation system surface is required to achieve separation of liquids with low surface tension difference. Here, we demonstrate a series of surface-energy-controlled homogeneous copolymer films to control the surface wettability of polyester fabric, utilizing a vapor-phase process, termed as initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The homogeneous copolymer films consist of a hydrophobic polymer, poly(2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane), pV4D4, and a hydrophilic polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine), p4VP. Because the mixing of two or more components is always favorable in vapor phase, the iCVD process allows the formation of homogeneous copolymers from two immiscible, hydrophilic/hydrophobic monomer pairs, which is highly challenging to achieve in liquid phase. Simply by tuning the flow rate ratio of monomer pairs, a series of homogeneous copolymers with systematically controlled surface energy were formed successfully. The fabricated separation system could separate water (surface energy = 72.8 mJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>), glycerol (64 mJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>), ethylene glycol (48 mJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>), and olive oil (35.1 mJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>) sequentially with excellent selectivity, just by choosing a copolymer-coated polyester fabric with proper surface energy. Considering the small differences in the surface tension of the liquids used in this work, the surface-energy-controlled separation system can be a powerful tool to separate various kinds of liquid mixtures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2015/cmatex.2015.27.issue-9/acs.chemmater.5b00842/production/images/medium/cm-2015-00842c_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm5b00842'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Methyl Aryloxy Gallates as Regulators of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Kwak, Jae-Hwan,In, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Mi-Sung,Yu, Ji-Yeon,Yun, Yeo-Pyo,Hong, Jin-Tae,Lee, Soo-Jae,Seo, Seung-Yong,Ahn, Soon-Kil,Suh, Young-Ger,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Lee, Hee-Soon,Min, Kyung-Hoon,Jung, Jae-Kyun Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.12

Development of Multiple Water Quality Measurement Devices

Kwak, Pill Jae,Kim, Seog Ku,Yun, Sang Leen,Kang, Sung Won,Lee, Hyun Dong,Yang, Keun Ho,Oh, Hee Jae,Kim, Young Sung Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2011 Materials science forum Vol.695 No.-

<P>The water quality measurement device that we developed measures pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nitrate. And it measures all parameters simultaneously. The water resistant and screw packing technology also applied for improved mechanical reliability during water quality monitoring. A comparison between the performances of major company products (YSI, Hydrolab etc.) and this device don't provide a stark contrast. This device was verified through the KOREA’s Environmental Examination Methods. This device is offered reliable and cost-effective water quality monitoring solutions. Upgrades will be available and will include the technologies that are self-cleaning optical sensors with integrated wipers remove biofouling and maintain high data accuracy and optimal power management and built-in battery compartment extends in situ monitoring periods.</P>

<i>In situ</i> observations of gas phase dynamics during graphene growth using solid-state carbon sources

Kwak, Jinsung,Kwon, Tae-Yang,Chu, Jae Hwan,Choi, Jae-Kyung,Lee, Mi-Sun,Kim, Sung Youb,Shin, Hyung-Joon,Park, Kibog,Park, Jang-Ung,Kwon, Soon-Yong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.15 No.25

<P>A single-layer graphene has been uniformly grown on a Cu surface at elevated temperatures by thermal processing of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film in a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system under vacuum. The detailed chemistry of the transition from solid-state carbon to graphene on the catalytic Cu surface was investigated by performing <I>in situ</I> residual gas analysis while PMMA/Cu-foil samples were being heated, in conjunction with interrupted growth studies to reconstruct <I>ex situ</I> the heating process. The data clearly show that the formation of graphene occurs by vaporizing hydrocarbon molecules from PMMA, such as methane and/or methyl radicals, which act as precursors, rather than by the direct graphitization of solid-state carbon. We also found that the temperature for vaporizing hydrocarbon molecules from PMMA and the length of time the gaseous hydrocarbon atmosphere is maintained, which are dependent on both the heating temperature profile and the amount of a solid carbon feedstock, are the dominant factors that determine the crystalline quality of the resulting graphene film. Under optimal growth conditions, the PMMA-derived graphene was found to have a carrier (hole) mobility as high as ∼2700 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> at room temperature, which is superior to common graphene converted from solid carbon.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Single-layer graphene films can be uniformly prepared on Cu by vaporizing hydrocarbon molecules from PMMA. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp50959a'> </P>

Sweetpotato Biotechnology for Sustainable Development on Marginal Lands

Sang-Soo Kwak,Sun Ha Kim,Sung-Chul Park,Jae Cheol Jeong,Haeng-Soon Lee 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4