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The aqueous supramolecular chemistry of cucurbit[n]urils, pillar[n]arenes and deep-cavity cavitands
Murray, J.,Kim, K.,Ogoshi, T.,Yao, W.,Gibb, B. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Society reviews Vol.46 No.9
<P>This tutorial review summarizes the continuing exploration of three prominent water-soluble hosts: cucurbiturils, pillar[n]arenes and deep-cavity cavitands. As we describe, these hosts are revealing how orchestrating the hydrophobic effect can lead to a broad range of properties and applications, from: nano-reactors, supramolecular polymers, stimuli-responsive biointerfaces, switches, and novel purification devices. We also describe how their study is also revealing more details about the properties of water and aqueous solutions.</P>
Development and practical application of a stairclimbing wheelchair in Nagasaki
Murray J Lawn,Toshihide Sakai,Megumu Kuroiwa,Takakazu Ishimatsu 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2001 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.2 No.2
In the field of providing mobility for the elderly or disabled the aspect of dealing with stairs continues largely unresolved. This paper focuses on presenting continued development of the "Nagasaki Stairclimber", a duel section tracked wheelchair capable of negotiating the large number of twisting and irregular stairs typically encounted by the residents living on the slopes that surround the Nagasaki harbor. Recent developments include an auto guidance system, auto leveling of the chair angle and active control of the front-rear track angle.
Modelling Spatially Regulated <i>β</i>-Catenin Dynamics and Invasion in Intestinal Crypts
Murray, Philip J.,Kang, Jun-Won,Mirams, Gary R.,Shin, Sung-Young,Byrne, Helen M.,Maini, Philip K.,Cho, Kwang-Hyun Elsevier 2010 Biophysical journal Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Experimental data (e.g., genetic lineage and cell population studies) on intestinal crypts reveal that regulatory features of crypt behavior, such as control via morphogen gradients, are remarkably well conserved among numerous organisms (e.g., from mouse and rat to human) and throughout the different regions of the small and large intestines. In this article, we construct a partial differential equation model of a single colonic crypt that describes the spatial distribution of Wnt pathway proteins along the crypt axis. The novelty of our continuum model is that it is based upon assumptions that can be directly related to processes at the cellular and subcellular scales. We use the model to predict how the distributions of Wnt pathway proteins are affected by mutations. The model is then extended to investigate how mutant cell populations can invade neighboring crypts. The model simulations suggest that cell crowding caused by increased proliferation and decreased cell loss may be sufficient for a mutant cell population to colonize a neighboring healthy crypt.</P>
Free and Open Source Software in Healthcare: An Overview of Current Applications and Organisations
Peter J. Murray 대한의료정보학회 2006 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.12 No.3
This overview of the current state of availability of free/libre and open source software (FOSS) products, organisations and resources is intended to provide an introduction to the possibilities for health professionals and health informaticians who are interested in exploring the potential use of FOSS within their organisation, or simply for their own personal use. The initial question 'what is free/libre and open source software?' is addressed, so as to provide a basic level of information for those unfamiliar with the terms. Some of the commonly available FOSS applications for everyday use are introduced, before consideration is given to the issues that should be addressed when considering a migration to FOSS from commercial and proprietary software. Some of the many health-related FOSS applications and briefly introduced, and an overview is given of the international organisations devoted to providing an exploration of FOS for health informatics professionals, and which they can join. Due to the limited space available to discuss some of the issues, information is also provided on some of the many resources through which the reader can explore the issues in more depth. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 12-3,181-198, 2006)
Simulated tropical cyclonic winds for low cycle fatigue loading of steel roofing
David J. Henderson,John D. Ginger,Murray J. Morrison,Gregory A. Kopp 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.4
Low rise building roofs can be subjected to large fluctuating pressures during a tropical cyclone resulting in fatigue failure of cladding. Following the damage to housing in Tropical Cyclone Tracy in Darwin, Australia, the Darwin Area Building Manual (DABM) cyclic loading test criteria, that loaded the cladding for 10000 cycles oscillating from zero to a permissible stress design pressure, and the Experimental Building Station TR440 test of 10200 load cycles which increased in steps to the permissible stress design pressure, were developed for assessing building elements susceptible to low cycle fatigue failure. Recently the ‘Low-High-Low’ (L-H-L) cyclic test for metal roofing was introduced into the Building Code of Australia (2007). Following advances in wind tunnel data acquisition and fullscale wind loading simulators, this paper presents a comparison of wind-induced cladding damage, from a “design” cyclone proposed by Jancauskas, et al. (1994), with current test criteria developed by Mahendran (1995). Wind tunnel data were used to generate the external and net pressure time histories on the roof of a low-rise building during the passage of the “design” cyclone. The peak pressures generated at the windward roof corner for a tributary area representative of a cladding fastener are underestimated by the Australian/New Zealand Wind Actions Standard. The “design” cyclone, with increasing and decreasing wind speeds combined with changes in wind direction, generated increasing then decreasing pressures in a manner similar to that specified in the L-H-L test. However, the L-H-L test underestimated the magnitude and number of large load cycles, but overestimated the number of cycles in the mid ranges. Cladding elements subjected to the L-H-L test showed greater fatigue damage than when experiencing a five hour “design” cyclone containing higher peak pressures. It is evident that the increased fatigue damage was due to the L-H-L test having a large number of load cycles cycling from zero load (R=0) in contrast to that produced during the cyclone.
Use of Chemical and Biological Agents to Improve Water Quality of Effluent Discharge from Abattoirs
Goopy, J.P.,Murray, P.J.,Lisle, A.T.,Al Jassim, R.A.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.1
Intensive animal industries create large volumes of nutrient rich effluent which, if untreated, has the potential for substantial environmental degradationand to recover valuable nutrients that would otherwise be lost. Members of the family Lemnaceae are widely used in lagoon systems, to achieve inexpensive and efficient remediation of effluent. Only limited research has been conducted into their growth in highly eutrophic media and there has been little done to systematically distinguish between different types of media. This study examined the growth characteristics of duckweed in abattoir effluent and explored possible ways of ameliorating the inhibitory factors to growth on this medium. A series of pot trials was conducted to test the tolerance of duckweed to abattoir effluent partially remediated by a sojourn in anaerobic fermentation ponds, both in its unmodified form and after the addition of acid to manipulate pH, and the addition of bentonite. Unmodified abattoir effluent was highly toxic to duckweed, even at dilutions of 3:1. Duckweed remained viable and grew sub-optimally in simplified media with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of up to 100 mg/L. Duckweed grew vigorously in effluent diluted 1:4 v/v, containing 56 mg TAN/L when modified by addition of acid (to decrease pH to 7) and bentonite at 0.5%. The results of this study suggest that bentonite plays an important role in modifying the toxicity of abattoir effluent to duckweed.