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Effect of Back Pressure on Droplet Size Near Diesel Injector Nozzle
( Shohei Yamamoto ),( Daisaku Sakaguchi ),( Hironobu Ueki ),( Masahiro Ishida ) 한국액체미립화학회 2010 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.-
A laser 2-focus velocimeter (L2F) with a micro-scale probe was used for measurements of the velocity and size of droplets in diesel sprays. The diameter of the nozzle orifice was 0.113 mm. The injection pressure was set at 40, 80, and 120 MPa by using a common rail system and the ambient pressure was set at 0.1 to 3.0 MPa. The focusing lens of the L2F was set inside a constant volume vessel, and a measurement position was located at 15 mm from the nozzle exit. It was confirmed that no droplet was observed by the L2F before the spray tip reached the measurement position in a high ambient pressure condition. The effect of the ambient pressure on the droplet velocity was found to be small in the near nozzle region. The droplet size decreased when the ambient pressure increased from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. The droplet size increased when the ambient pressure equal to or increased higher than 2.0 MPa. These tendencies were verified by the KIVA-3V simulation.
Anti-apoptotic effect by Bcl-2 in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
Takahashi, Hidetoshi,Honma, Masaru,Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi,Namikawa, Kazuhiko,Miwa, Akiko,Okado, Haruo,Kiyama, Hiroshi,Iizuka, Hajime Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Bcl-2 is a member of large bcl-2 family and protects cells from apoptosis. Using bcl-2-expressing adenovirus vector (Ad-bc1-2), we investigated the effect of bc1-2 on UVB-induced apoptosis. Adenovirus vector efficiently introduced bc1-2 gene in cultured normal mouse keratinocytes (NMK cells); almost all NMK cells (lx10$^{6}$ ) were transfected at Ixl0$^{8}$ PFU/ml. Bcl-2-transfected NMK cells were significantly resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis with the suppressive effect dependent on bcl-2-expression level. Following UVB irradiation caspase 8, 3, 9 activities were stimulated in NMK cells, while in bc1-2-transfected cells, only caspase 8, but not caspase 3 or 9 activities were stimulated. In order to investigate the effect of bc1-2 in vivo, topical application of Ad-bc1-2 on tape-stripped mouse skin was performed. Following the application, Bc1-2 was efficiently overexpressed in almost all viable keratinocytes. The expression was transient with the maximal expression of Bc1-2 at 1st day following the application of lxl0$^{9}$ PFU in 200ml. The introduced Bc1-2 remained at least for 6 days. UVB irradiation (1250 J/m$^2$) induced apoptosis within 12 h and the maximal effect was observed at 24 h in control mouse skin. Bc1-2-transfected mice skin were resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis. Topical application of empty adenovirus vector alone had no effect on Bc1-2 expression or UVB-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that adenovirus vector is an efficient gene delivery system into keratinocytes and that Bcl-2 is a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
Miho Nozue,Hiromi Ishida,Sayaka Hazano,Akemi Nakanishi,Taeko Yamamoto,Aya Abe,Nobuo Nishi,Tetsuji Yokoyama,Nobuko Murayama 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.3
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association of Japanese schoolchildren’s involvement in at-home meal preparation with food intake and cooking skill. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We included 1,207 fifth-grade children aged 10-11 years and one parent of each child. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on involvement in at-home meal preparation. Correspondence analysis was used to classify involvement in at-home meal preparation into three groups: food-related activities (cooking only or with other activities such as shopping, table-setting, clean up, and dishwashing), non-food-related activities (table-setting and/or clean up), and no (helping) activities. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to examine involvement in at-home meal preparation associations. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,207 fifth-grade children. Vegetable intake was lower in the no (helping) activities group than the food-related activities group (95% CI; boys: 1.2, 5.1, girls: 2.0, 8.9). Fewer children in the non-food-related activities group reported they were able to make a portion of their meals compared with the food-related activities group (95% CI; boys: 1.6, 3.5; girls: 1.5, 3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Children in the food-related activities group showed more favorable food intake and cooking skills than children in the no (helping) activities or non-food-related activities group.