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Kenji Sawada,Tsuyoshi Kiyama 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper considers linear time-invariant continuous-time servosystems with control input saturation nonlin-earities, and proposes a design method of output feedback controllers satisfying a regional integral quadratic performance for the systems based on the generaized sector approach. For agiven servocompensator, the method assumes the output of the nonlinearities to be available for the control, and then it is an integrated design of reduced-order dynamic output feed-back and anti-wind up compensators where each of their orders is the number of available plant states less than the plant order. This paper recasts the design problem using the method as a convex optimization problem based onlinear matrixin equalities and linear matrix equatios. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the performance achievable by the full-order compensator with the same generalized plant order is exactly the same as that by the reduced-order compensator.
Anti-apoptotic effect by Bcl-2 in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
Takahashi, Hidetoshi,Honma, Masaru,Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi,Namikawa, Kazuhiko,Miwa, Akiko,Okado, Haruo,Kiyama, Hiroshi,Iizuka, Hajime Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Bcl-2 is a member of large bcl-2 family and protects cells from apoptosis. Using bcl-2-expressing adenovirus vector (Ad-bc1-2), we investigated the effect of bc1-2 on UVB-induced apoptosis. Adenovirus vector efficiently introduced bc1-2 gene in cultured normal mouse keratinocytes (NMK cells); almost all NMK cells (lx10$^{6}$ ) were transfected at Ixl0$^{8}$ PFU/ml. Bcl-2-transfected NMK cells were significantly resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis with the suppressive effect dependent on bcl-2-expression level. Following UVB irradiation caspase 8, 3, 9 activities were stimulated in NMK cells, while in bc1-2-transfected cells, only caspase 8, but not caspase 3 or 9 activities were stimulated. In order to investigate the effect of bc1-2 in vivo, topical application of Ad-bc1-2 on tape-stripped mouse skin was performed. Following the application, Bc1-2 was efficiently overexpressed in almost all viable keratinocytes. The expression was transient with the maximal expression of Bc1-2 at 1st day following the application of lxl0$^{9}$ PFU in 200ml. The introduced Bc1-2 remained at least for 6 days. UVB irradiation (1250 J/m$^2$) induced apoptosis within 12 h and the maximal effect was observed at 24 h in control mouse skin. Bc1-2-transfected mice skin were resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis. Topical application of empty adenovirus vector alone had no effect on Bc1-2 expression or UVB-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that adenovirus vector is an efficient gene delivery system into keratinocytes and that Bcl-2 is a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.