<i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Subverts Dendritic Cell Functions by Escaping from Autophagy and Impairing Their Migration

Choi, Ji-Hye,Cheong, Taek-Chin,Ha, Na-Young,Ko, Youngho,Cho, Chung-Hyun,Jeon, Ju-Hong,So, Insuk,Kim, In-Kyu,Choi, Myung-Sik,Kim, Ik-Sang,Cho, Nam-Hyuk Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.7 No.1

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immune responses, playing a pivotal role in triggering antigen-specific immunity. Antigen uptake by DCs induces maturational changes that include increased surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. In addition, DCs actively migrate to regional lymph nodes and activate antigen-specific naive T cells after capturing antigens. We characterize the functional changes of DCs infected with <I>Orientia tsutsugamushi</I>, the causative agent of scrub typhus, since there is limited knowledge of the role played by DCs in <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I> infection.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Finding</B></P><P><I>O. tsutsugamushi</I> efficiently infected bone marrow-derived DCs and induced surface expression of MHC II and costimulatory molecules. In addition, <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I> induced autophagy activation, but actively escaped from this innate defense system. Infected DCs also secreted cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-12, MCP5, MIP-1α, and RANTES. Furthermore, <I>in vitro</I> migration of DCs in the presence of a CCL19 gradient within a 3D collagen matrix was drastically impaired when infected with <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I>. The infected cells migrated much less efficiently into lymphatic vessels of ear dermis <I>ex vivo</I> when compared to LPS-stimulated DCs. <I>In vivo</I> migration of <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I>-infected DCs to regional lymph nodes was significantly impaired and similar to that of immature DCs. Finally, we found that MAP kinases involved in chemotactic signaling were differentially activated in <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I>-infected DCs.</P><P><B>Conclusion/Significance</B></P><P>These results suggest that <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I> can target DCs to exploit these sentinel cells as replication reservoirs and delay or impair the functional maturation of DCs during the bacterial infection in mammals.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by <I>Orientia tsutsugamushi</I> infection and is one of the main causes of febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. If not properly treated with antibiotics, patients often develop severe vasculitis that affects multiple organs, and the mortality rate of untreated patients reaches up to 30%. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms of the infectious disease, we characterized the functional changes of <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I>–infected dendritic cells (DCs), which play a pivotal role in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. The obligate intracellular bacteria efficiently infected bone marrow-derived DCs and activated the cells as measured by induced surface expression of MHC II and costimulatory molecules, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and autophagy induction. However, the live bacteria actively escaped from host autophagosomes and the migration of infected cells was severely impaired <I>in vitro</I>, <I>ex vivo</I>, and <I>in vivo</I> infection models. Finally, we found that MAP kinases involved in chemotactic signaling were differentially activated in <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I>-infected DCs. These results suggest that <I>O. tsutsugamushi</I> can target DCs to exploit these sentinel cells as replication reservoirs and delay or impair the functional maturation of DCs during the bacterial infection in mammals.</P></▼2>

시설장의 변혁적 리더십이 보육교사의 교사효능감에 미치는 영향

최인숙(Choi, InSuk),성미영(Sung, Mi Young) 한국생활과학회 2011 한국생활과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study examined the relationships among principals transformational leadership, collective efficacy and efficacy of teachers based on the survey data from 196 teachers working in day care centers in the Incheon and Gyeonggi-do areas. These valuables were all measured by teachers. The collected data were analyzed by Simple Regression and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, principals transformational leadership had positive effects on collective efficacy and efficacy of teachers. Second, collective efficacy of teachers had a positive influence on efficacy of teachers. Finally, the effects of principals leadership on efficacy of teachers was totally mediated by collective efficacy of teachers. Most importantly, the collective efficacy of teachers totally mediated the positive relation between principals leadership and the individual efficacy of teachers.

유아의 신체상에 관한 연구

최인숙(Insuk Choi),임지수(Jisoo Im) 한국아동학회 2018 아동학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors relating to body perception in Korean preschool children. Methods: Participants of this study were obtained from the first year of a short-term longitudinal study conducted in 2016, comprising 97 preschool children(M = 61.8 months) and their mothers. To investigate the factors relating to children`s body perception, we analyzed their individual characteristics, maternal factors, and media exposure. Data were analyzed by correlation and hierarchical regression. Results: Children with higher media experience showed higher negative body perception. Mothers of children with higher body mass index (BMI) gave more verbal messages on child`s weight reduction. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, children`s BMI was negatively associated with negative body perception, while mothers` verbal messages on weight reduction was positively associated with negative body perception. Mothers` verbal messages were a more influential factor than children`s BMI. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children`s BMI, mothers` verbal messages regarding children’s body as well as a mothers’ education level and family income level are influential factors in preschool children’s body perception.

베스트셀러 그림책 특성 분석 (2017~2019년)

최인숙(Choi Insuk) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.22

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics in bestseller picture books from 2017 to 2019. For the purpose of the study, 8 picture books were selected from the bestseller lists in the young children s book category for recent 3 years on 3 biggest bookstores. The characteristics were categorized into 3 types as literature, art, and iconotext. The main results are as follows. In literary characteristics, most of the books were classified as fantasy or realistic fiction and their themes were family, friends, or play. Plots were short and composed of 3 or 4 steps. In artistic characteristics, all the books had warm and bright colors and used the contrast of colors to express emotions. Brightness and chroma of colors were used to give 3-D effect and imply the progress of events. In iconotext characteristics, the relations between words and image in the books were mostly complementary. The characteristics of picture books young children prefer found in this study are expected to support literary education and reading development. 본 연구는 베스트셀러 그림책의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 최근 3년 동안 우리나라 3대 서점에서 베스트셀러로 선정된 8권의 그림책을 분석하였다. 베스트셀러 그림책의 특성은 문학적 특성, 예술적 특성, 아이코노텍스트 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 베스트셀러 그림책의 문학적 특성은 장르에서 환상그림책, 사실그림책 또는 사실주의와 환상이 혼합된 그림책의 특성을 주로 보였다. 주제는 가족, 친구 및 놀이가 많았다. 사건의 구성은 짧지만 4단계나 3단계의 사건 진행으로 이루어졌다. 예술적 특성은 전반적으로 밝고 따뜻한 색을 사용하고 있으며 부정적 감정 등을 표현하기 위해 색의 대비를 이용하였다. 또한 명도나 채도를 활용하여 입체감을 살리고 사건의 진행을 암시하였다. 아이코노텍스트 특성은 글과 그림의 상호보완적 관계가 가장 많이 나타났고 대위적 관계나 일치도 나타났다. 아동이 선호하는 문학적 특성, 예술적 특성, 아이코노텍스트 특성은 교육 현장에서 아동을 대상으로 하는 문학교육 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 독서교육이나 읽기지도 과정에서 글과 그림의 서사에 접근할 때 아동의 이해능력 증진 프로그램 구성을 위한 기초 지식을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

학부모 교육기부 예측요인 탐색

최인숙(Choi, Insuk),이강이(Lee, Kang-yi) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2013 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 초·중·고등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니의 학부모 교육기부 참여 실태를 살펴보고 학부모 교육기부 참여 예측요인을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 자녀의 학교에서 참여하는 학부모 교육기부를 6개 유형(교수학습지원, 학교교육지원, 학교안 전지도, 학교폭력 예방활동, 소외계층을 위한 자원봉사활동, 기타)의 자원봉사활동으로 분류하고, 전국 16개 시도 36개 학교의 2,354 명의 어머니를 대상으로 학부모 교육기부 참여에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분산분석 및 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니는 학부모 교육기부 유형 가운데 학교안전지도활동에 가장 많이 참여한 반면에, 중·고등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니는 학교교육지원활동에 가장 많이 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가정의 소득수준, 어머니의 취업여부, 어머니의 교육수준, 자녀의 학교급, 거주지역에 따라 어머니의 학부모 교육기부 참여에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 교육기부를 예측하는 유의미한 요인을 살펴보면 사회인구학적 변인 가운데 소득, 맞벌이 여부, 교육수준, 자녀의 학교급, 거주지역, 그리고 어머니의 학교만족도, 부모효능감이 유의미한 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 학부모와 학교의 협력의 한 형태로써 학부모 학교참여의 중요한 부분을 차지하는 학부모 교육기부 실태를 고찰하고 어머니의 학부모 교육기부 참여를 예측하는 요인을 밝혀냈다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 학부모 교육기부 활성화와 궁극적으로 학부모 학교참여 확산을 위한 방안을 마련하는데 있어서 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine mothers’ participation in donation for their children’s school education and the predictors influencing their participation. Donation for children’s school education was divided into 6 types of volunteering activities (Instructional activities Education support activities Activities for school safety School violence prevention/Youth protection/Counseling Volunteering for the underprivileged in community and Others). We collected survey data from 2354 mothers whose children attend elementary middle and high school. The findings are as follows. First the most frequently participated type of donation for education was Activities for school safety. Especially most of mothers among participants whose children attend elementary school participated in Activities for school safety. On the other hand most of mothers whose children attend middle or high school participated in Education support activities. Second there were significant differences in participation in donation for children’s school education according to family’s income mother’s employment status mother’s education school of child and geographic location. Finally The results of the logistic regression revealed that mothers whose family income is higher those who were employed those who were educated to college level or above those whose child attend elementary school those who live in urban or micropolitan area those who were more satisfied with their children’s school and those who showed higher level of parenting efficacy were more likely to participate in donation for their children’s school education.

유아의 언어능력 및 정서조절능력과 어머니의 양육행동이 유아의 또래유능성과 또래공격행동에 미치는 영향

최인숙(Insuk Choi) 가정과삶의질학회 2014 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.32 No.6

Functional Manipulation of Dendritic Cells by Photoswitchable Generation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species

Cheong, Taek-Chin,Shin, Eon Pil,Kwon, Eun-Kyung,Choi, Ji-Hye,Wang, Kang-Kyun,Sharma, Prashant,Choi, Kyong Hoon,Lim, Jin-Muk,Kim, Hong-Gee,Oh, Keunhee,Jeon, Ju-Hong,So, Insuk,Kim, In-Gyu,Choi, Myung-Si American Chemical Society 2015 ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Vol.10 No.3

<P>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling as second messengers. However, studying the role of ROS in physiological redox signaling has been hampered by technical difficulties in controlling their generation within cells. Here, we utilize two inert components, a photosensitizer and light, to finely manipulate the generation of intracellular ROS and examine their specific role in activating dendritic cells (DCs). Photoswitchable generation of intracellular ROS rapidly induced cytosolic mobilization of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Moreover, a transient intracellular ROS surge could activate immature DCs to mature and potently enhance migration <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Finally, we observed that intracellular ROS-stimulated DCs enhanced antigen specific T-cell responses <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>, which led to delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice when immunized with a specific tumor antigen. Therefore, a transient intracellular ROS surge alone, if properly manipulated, can cause immature DCs to differentiate into a motile state and mature forms that are sufficient to initiate adaptive T cell responses <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acbcct/2015/acbcct.2015.10.issue-3/cb5009124/production/images/medium/cb-2014-009124_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cb5009124'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Activating of ATP-Dependent K Channels Comprised of K_ir 6.2 and SUR 2B by PGE₂ Through EP₂ Receptor in Cultured Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Murine Small Intestine

Choi, Seok,Yeum, Cheol Ho,Chang, In Youb,You, Ho Jin,Park, Jong Sung,Jeong, Han Seong,So, Insuk,Kim, Ki Whan,Jun, Jae Yeoul S. Karger AG 2006 CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Vol.18 No.4-5

<P>The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaker cells in gastrointestinal tract and generate an electrical rhythm in gastrointestinal muscles. We investigated the possibility that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> might affect the electrical properties of cultured ICC by activating ATPdependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channels and, the EP receptor subtypes and the subunits of ATP-dependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channels involved in these activities were identified. In addition, the regulation of intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]i) mobilization may be involved the action of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> on ICC. Treatments of ICC with PGE<SUB>2</SUB> inhibited electrical pacemaker activities in the same manner as pinacidil, an ATPdependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channel opener and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> had only a dose-dependent effect. Using RT-PCR technique, we found that ATP-dependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channels exist in ICC and that these are composed of K<SUB>ir</SUB> 6.2 and SUR 2B subunits. To characterize the specific membrane EP receptor subtypes in ICC, EP receptor agonists and RT-PCR were used: Butaprost (an EP<SUB>2</SUB> receptor agonist) showed the actions on pacemaker currents in the same manner as PGE<SUB>2</SUB>. However sulprostone (a mixed EP<SUB>1</SUB> and EP<SUB>3</SUB> agonist) had no effects. In addition, RT-PCR results indicated the presence of the EP<SUB>2</SUB> receptor in ICC. To investigate cAMP involvement in the effects of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> on ICCs, SQ-22536 (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase) and cAMP assays were used. SQ-22536 did not affect the effect of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> on pacemaker currents, and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> did not stimulate cAMP production. Also, we found PGE<SUB>2</SUB> inhibited the spontaneous [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]i oscillations in cultured ICC. These observations indicate that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> alters pacemaker currents by activating the ATP-dependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channels comprised of K<SUB>ir</SUB> 6.2-SUR 2B in ICC and this action of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> are through EP<SUB>2</SUB> receptor subtype and also the activation of ATP-dependent K<SUP>+</SUP> channels involves intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> mobilization.</P><P>Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

The impact of unplanned reoperations in head and neck cancer surgery on survival

Choi, Nayeon,Park, Song I,Kim, Hyeseung,Sohn, Insuk,Jeong, Han-Sin Elsevier 2018 Oral oncology Vol.83 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>Unplanned reoperation causes physical and psychological stress in patients and it costs more in terms of medical, economic and social resource. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and clinical significance of unplanned reoperation (any unscheduled surgery within 30 days from the initial surgery) in patients who had undergone head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>A total of 574 consecutive patients who had received surgery for HNC with or without flap reconstruction from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, cause of unplanned reoperation, cancer subsites, and previous treatment history were compared between unplanned reoperation group (n = 60) and control group (n = 514). Multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for unplanned reoperation. Clinical significance was evaluated by multivariable survival analyses using Cox proportional hazard model.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Overall rate of unplanned reoperation was 10.5%. Flap complication (40.0%) was the most common cause, followed by infection (16.7%), necrosis (11.7%), and bleeding (8.3%). Higher N (N2) classification, long operation time and previous treatment before surgery were identified as risk factors for unplanned reoperation. Based on multivariable survival analyses, recurrence-free survival was significantly decreased in unplanned reoperation group (Hazard ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [1.23–2.80]), but not overall survival.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Unplanned reoperation significantly decreased recurrence-free survival in patients with HNC surgery. Thus, careful surgical/ perioperative management is needed to reduce unplanned reoperation in HNC patients with advanced nodal disease, long operation time or previous treatment history.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Unplanned reoperation (UR) causes physical and psychological stress in patients. </LI> <LI> Advanced nodal disease was a risk factor for UR in head & neck cancer (HNC) surgery. </LI> <LI> Long operation and previous treatment also increased risk for UR in HNC surgery. </LI> <LI> UR in HNC surgery itself resulted in worse recurrence-free survival in HNC patients. </LI> <LI> Thus, careful management is needed to reduce UR in HNC patients with risk factors. </LI> </UL> </P>

Receptor tyrosine and MAP kinase are involved in effects of H ₂ O ₂ on interstitial cells of Cajal in murine intestine

Choi, Seok,Yeum, Cheol Ho,Kim, Young Dae,Park, Chan Guk,Kim, Man Yoo,Park, Jong-Seong,Jeong, Han-Seong,Kim, Byung Joo,So, Insuk,Kim, Ki Whan,Jun, Jae Yeoul Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol.14 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) is involved in intestinal motility through changes of smooth muscle activity. However, there is no report as to the modulatory effects of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). We investigated the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> effects and signal transductions to determine whether the intestinal motility can be modulated through ICC. We performed whole-cell patch clamp in cultured ICC from murine intestine and molecular analyses. H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> hyperpolarized the membrane and inhibited pacemaker currents. These effects were inhibited by glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K<SUP>+</SUP> (K<SUB>ATP</SUB>) channels. The free-radical scavenger catalase inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced effects. MAFP and AACOCF<SUB>3</SUB> (a cytosolic phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> inhibitors) or SC-560 and NS-398 (a selective COX-1 and 2 inhibitor) or AH6809 (an EP<SUB>2</SUB> receptor antagonist) inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced effects. PD98059 (a mitogen activated/ERK-activating protein kinase inhibitor) inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced effects, though SB-203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) or a JNK inhibitor did not affect. H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced effects could not be inhibited by LY-294002 (an inhibitor of PI<SUB>3</SUB>-kinases), calphostin C (a protein kinase C inhibitor) or SQ-22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor). Adenoviral infection analysis revealed H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> stimulated tyrosine kinase activity and AG 1478 (an antagonist of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase) inhibited the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced effects. These results suggest H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> can modulate ICC pacemaker activity and this occur by the activation of K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels through PGE<SUB>2</SUB> production <I>via</I> receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent MAP kinase activation.</P>