1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.

Youn, Hyewon,Hee Kook, Yeon,Oh, Eun-Taex,Jeong, Seong-Yun,Kim, Chulhee,Kyung Choi, Eun,Uk Lim, Byung,Park, Heon Joo Taylor Francis 2009 International Journal of Radiation Biology Vol.85 No.2

<P>To determine the efficacy of a caffeine derivative 1-methylxanthine (1-MTX) in increasing radiosensitivity of cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro.</P>

Modified mRNA as an alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA) for transcript replacement and vaccination therapy

Youn, Hyewon,Chung, June-Key Informa Healthcare 2015 Expert opinion on biological therapy Vol.15 No.9

<P><B><I>Introduction:</I></B> Current gene therapy involves replacement of defective gene by delivery of healthy genetic material to precede normal function. Virus-mediated gene delivery is the most successful and efficient method for gene therapy, but it has been challenged due to serious safety concerns. Conversely, gene delivery using plasmid DNA (pDNA) is considered safer, but its transfection efficiency is much lower than virus-mediated gene transfer. Recently, mRNA has been suggested as an alternative option to avoid undesired insertion of delivered DNA sequences with higher transfection efficiency and stability.</P><P><B><I>Area covered: </I></B>In this review, we summarize the currently available strategies of mRNA modification to increase the therapeutic efficacy; we also highlight the recent improvements of mRNA delivery for <I>in vivo</I> applications of gene therapy.</P><P><B><I>Expert opinion:</I></B> The use of mRNA-based gene transfer could indeed be a promising new strategy for gene therapy. Notable advantages include no risk of integration into the genomic DNA, adjustable gene expression and easier modulation of the immune system. By reducing or utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA offers a promising tool for gene/or transcript replacement.</P>

In Vivo Non Invasive Molecular Imaging for Immune Cell Tracking in Small Animals

Youn, Hyewon,Hong, Kee-Jong The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2012 Immune Network Vol.12 No.6

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic whole-body imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.

A new PET probe, 18F-tetrafluoroborate, for the sodium/iodide symporter: possible impacts on nuclear medicine

Youn, Hyewon,Jeong, Jae Min,Chung, June-Key Springer-Verlag 2010 European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular Vol.37 No.11

In Vivo Non Invasive Molecular Imaging for Immune Cell Tracking in Small Animals

Hyewon Youn,홍기종 대한면역학회 2012 Immune Network Vol.12 No.6

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation,apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic,indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic wholebody imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.

Reporter gene imaging.

Youn, Hyewon,Chung, June-Key American Roentgen Ray Society, etc.] 2013 AJR Vol.201 No.2

<P>OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this article are to summarize the basic concept and the strategies of reporter imaging; introduce reporter genes frequently used in optical imaging, nuclear medicine, and MRI for in vivo application; and show typical examples of reporter gene imaging. CONCLUSION. In molecular biology, many reporter genes have been developed for monitoring cellular processes. Development of controlled gene delivery systems promotes construction of various types of reporter genes for monitoring the level of a gene expression, promoter activity, and protein-protein interaction. When an imaging reporter gene is placed under the control of a promoter, the amount of reporter protein can be dynamically visualized in vivo. Instrumental advances in molecular imaging have increased the sensitivity and resolution of in vivo reporter imaging. Though several types of reporters and multimodal imaging instruments are currently available, more efficient multimodal reporter gene systems and detectors compatible with several imaging modalities are needed.</P>

육상풍력발전 사업 추진의 제도적 한계와 개선방안: 삼척 육백산 풍력발전 사례를 중심으로

윤혜원(Youn, Hyewon),하지훈(Ha, Jihun),윤순진(Yun, Sun-Jin) 서울행정학회 2021 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.32 No.2

육상풍력발전 사업은 기후위기 대응을 위한 재생에너지 이용 확대와 산림 보호라는 녹색과 녹색 가치가 충돌하면서 입지 애로와 주민 수용성 문제를 겪고 있다. 이 연구에서는 주민 수용성이 확보되었음에도 입지 애로 문제로 인해 사업 추진이 지연되고 있는 육백산 풍력발전 사업을 중심으로 문헌연구와 심층면접을 통해 육상풍력발전 사업의 입지 관련 제도적 한계를 분석하고, 개선방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 결과, 사업 추진 과정에서 다음의 세 가지 쟁점을 확인하였다. 우선, 생태자연도 등급 적용 시점이 명시되어 있지 않아 개발행위허가 과정에서 생태자연도 등급이 상향되는 경우 소급 적용되는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 다음으로 「육상풍력 개발사업 환경성평가 지침」의 모호성에 기인한 해석 차이로 인해 혼란이 야기되고 있으며, 마지막으로 개발행위허가 평가 가이드라인의 부재로 부처 간 행정절차 혼선이 빚어지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 세 가지 쟁점들을 토대로 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 생태자연도 등급 적용 시점에 대한 법적기준을 마련하여 법제도의 예측가능성을 제고한다. 둘째, 환경협의 과정에서 적용되는 평가지침과 기준을 명확하게 제시하여 허가 당국과 사업자 간 해석 차이로 인한 환경협의 불확실성을 최소화한다. 셋째, 범정부 차원의 풍력발전 사업 추진 절차 가이드라인을 수립하여 관계부처 간 소통과 의견 조율을 위한 기반을 조성한다. 나아가 복잡한 인허가 절차와 다수 관계부처를 거쳐야 하는 행정 부담을 완화시키기 위하여 관련 법제들의 적실성과 상보성을 검토하고, 이를 뒷받침하는 내용을 담아 ‘풍력발전 보급촉진 특별법(일명 ‘원스톱샵(One-Stop-Shop) 법’)’이 제정되어야 한다. The onshore wind power project is suffering location difficulties, and local residents’ acceptance as green and green value conflicts happen in expanding the use of renewable energy to respond to the climate crisis, accompanied by and forest degradation. This study analyzes the institutional limitations in carrying out onshore wind power projects and suggests improvement measures through a case study of the Mount Yukbaek wind power project, which has been retarded because of location regulations even though community acceptance was secured. As a result, three issues have occurred in the process of the wind power projects. To begin with, the raised grade of the Ecosystem and Nature Map (ENM) has been retroactively applied in the Development Permit System (DPS) process as the timing of the application of the changed ENM grade has not been stipulated. In addition, confusion has been caused by differences in interpretation resulting from the ambiguity of ‘Guidelines on Environmental Assessments for Onshore Wind Power Projects.’ On top of that, the absence of Assessment Guidelines on the DPS has confused inter-ministerial administrative procedures. Based on these issues, this study suggests improvement measures as follows. First, the legal system’s predictability needs to be improved by preparing a legal standard for the timing of application of the ENM grade. Second, uncertainty in environmental consultation due to differences in interpretation between the permitting authority and the business operator should be minimized by clearly presenting the evaluation guidelines and standards applied in the process of environmental consultation. Third, guidelines for the government-wide wind power generation project promotion procedure must be established to create a basis for communication and coordination among related ministries. Furthermore, in order to alleviate the administrative burden of going through complicated licensing procedures and multiple related ministries, the adequacy and complementarity of related laws are reviewed, and the ‘Special Act on the Promotion of Wind Power Generation and Distribution (so-called ‘One-Stop-Shop Act’)’ must be enacted.

카지노기업의 사회적 책임활동이 조직몰입과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향

윤혜원(Youn, Hyewon),이석기(Lee, Seoki),이기원(Lee, Kiwon) 한국관광레저학회 2014 관광레저연구 Vol.26 No.7

Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Simple Prognostic Factor in Patients with Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma

Lee, Hyewon,Kong, Sun-Young,Sohn, Ji Yeon,Shim, Hyoeun,Youn, Hye Sun,Lee, Sangeun,Kim, Hyun Ju,Eom, Hyeon-Seok Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 BioMed research international Vol.2014 No.-

<P>Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a parameter reported in complete blood cell count tests, and has been reported as an inflammatory biomarker. Multiple myeloma (MM) is known to be associated with inflammatory microenvironments. However, the importance of RDW has been seldom studied in MM. For this study, 146 symptomatic myeloma patients with available RDW at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed, and their characteristics were compared between two groups, those with high (>14.5%) and normal (≤14.5%) RDW. RDW was correlated to hemoglobin, MM stage, <I><I>β</I></I>2-microglobulin, M-protein, bone marrow plasma cells, and cellularity (<I>P</I> < 0.001). During induction, overall response rates of the two groups were similar (<I>P</I> = 0.195); however, complete response rate was higher in the normal-RDW group than it was in the high-RDW group (<I>P</I> = 0.005). With a median follow-up of 47 months, the normal-RDW group showed better progression-free survival (PFS) (24.2 versus 17.0 months, <I>P</I> = 0.029) compared to the high-RDW group. Overall survival was not different according to the RDW level (<I>P</I> = 0.236). In multivariate analysis, elevated RDW at diagnosis was a poor prognostic factor for PFS (HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.24–8.32) after adjustment with other myeloma-related prognostic factors. RDW would be a simple and immediately available biomarker of symptomatic MM, reflecting the systemic inflammation.</P>

Apple juice greatly reduces systemic exposure to atenolol

Jeon, Hyewon,Jang, In‐,Jin,Lee, SeungHwan,Ohashi, Kyoichi,Kotegawa, Tsutomu,Ieiri, Ichiro,Cho, Joo‐,Youn,Yoon, Seo Hyun,Shin, Sang‐,Goo,Yu, Kyung‐,Sang,Lim, Kyoung Soo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.75 No.1

<P><B>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT</B></P><P>• Atenolol is an antihypertensive drug, of which negligible amounts are metabolized.</P><P>• Fruit juices may decrease the oral absorption of drugs by inhibiting intestinal drug transporters, as demonstrated <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS</B></P><P>• The pharmacokinetic characteristics of atenolol were determined according to the <I>SLCO2B1</I> genotype after apple juice administration in healthy Korean volunteers.</P><P>• Apple juice ingestion markedly reduced the systemic exposure to atenolol, but genetic variations in <I>SLCO2B1</I> were unlikely to contribute substantial variability to the pharmacokinetics of atenolol.</P><P><B>AIM</B> Fruit juice reduces the plasma concentrations of several β‐adrenoceptor blockers, likely by inhibiting OATP2B1‐mediated intestinal absorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apple juice on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol.</P><P><B>METHODS</B> Twelve healthy Korean volunteers with genotypes of <I>SLCO2B1</I> c.1457C> T (*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I> (<I>n</I>= 6) and *<I>3/</I>*<I>3</I> (<I>n</I>= 6)) were enrolled in this study. In a three‐phase, one‐sequence crossover study, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of atenolol was evaluated after administration of 50 mg atenolol. Subjects received atenolol with either 300 ml water, 1200 ml apple juice or 600 ml apple juice.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B> Apple juice markedly reduced the systemic exposure to atenolol. The geometric mean ratios (95% confidence intervals) of apple juice : water were 0.18 (0.13, 0.25, 1200 ml) and 0.42 (0.30, 0.59, 600 ml) for the AUC(0,<I>t</I><SUB>last</SUB>). In this study, the PK parameters of atenolol responded in a dose‐dependent manner to apple juice.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B> Apple juice markedly reduced systemic exposure to atenolol. The genetic variation of <I>SLCO2B1</I> c.1457C>T had a minimal effect on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol when the drug was administered with water or apple juice.</P>